响应面法优化超声提取苜蓿皂苷工艺条件

目的:利用响应面法对超声提取苜蓿皂苷的工艺条件进行了优化.方法:研究了超声波条件下影响提取的几个因素,包括超声时间、超声温度、超声功率、固液比等,并通过响应面法优化工艺条件.结论:根据中心组合设计原理采用四因子三水平的响应面分析法,通过对各因子显著性和交互作用的分析,得出了超声提取苜蓿皂苷的最佳工艺条件为:超声时间22min,超声温度43℃,超声功率403W,固液比1:51(g/ml),此时苜蓿皂苷的得率为4.53%.     

响应面法优化益母草总黄酮的提取工艺研究

采用响应面法优化超声提取益母草总黄酮的工艺条件。方法:在超声时间、超声功率、超声温度、料液比等单因素的基础上,通过中心组合设计原理采用三因子三水平的响应面分析法设计,对单因子显著性和交互作用进行分析。结果:超声提取益母草总黄酮的最佳工艺条件为:超声时间35.54 min,料液比1∶30.63,乙醇浓度73.41%。此时吸光度为0.295 9。在此条件下益母草的总黄酮提取率为1.21%。结论:优化的提取工艺条件,益母草的总黄酮提取率高,节约资源。     

基于PB-CCD设计的黄芪茎叶总皂苷提取工艺优化及其抗氧化活性研究

黄芪为常用大宗中药材,传统用药部位为根。药材采挖后,地上茎叶通常被丢弃,造成巨大浪费。为黄芪茎叶综合利用提供依据,本研究优化了黄芪茎叶中总皂苷提取工艺,并对其体外抗氧化活性进行了评价。以总皂苷为响应因子,以乙醇浓度、液料比、提取温度、提取时间、超声功率、超声时间和提取次数为考察因素,采用PB-CCD设计优选获得最佳提取工艺条件:乙醇浓度80%,液料比30∶1,提取温度80℃,超声时间30 min,超声功率200 W,提取时间120 min,提取次数3次,在此工艺参数条件下总皂苷得率在2.04%左右。通过体外抗氧化活性研究发现黄芪茎叶总皂苷对DPPH、超氧阴离子和羟基自由基均有一定的清除能力,并与总皂苷质量浓度呈一定的正相关关系。     

响应面优化超声辅助提取刺梨多糖工艺研究

探讨超声波作用下刺梨多糖提取的最佳工艺条件。在单因素试验基础上,采用响应面法对刺梨多糖提取工艺参数进行优化研究。响应面试验表明提取温度、超声功率、超声时间、液料比对响应值刺梨多糖提取率均有显著影响,优化得到超声辅助提取刺梨多糖最佳工艺条件为:超声时间30 min,超声功率120 W,液料比40m L/g,提取温度80℃,提取3次。在此条件下的刺梨多糖提取率可达2.18%,与模型预测值非常接近。     

超声辅助提取凤丹籽总黄酮的工艺研究

本文以经脱脂处理后的凤丹籽为原料,在单因素实验的基础上,选取乙醇浓度、料液比、超声时间和超声功率为自变量,以总黄酮得率为响应值,采用Box-Behnken响应面设计分析方法优化凤丹籽总黄酮的提取工艺。通过此模型得出:超声时间对凤丹籽总黄酮提取的影响最为显著,超声时间和乙醇浓度,超声时间和料液比,超声时间和超声功率之间的交互作用显著。模型预计凤丹籽总黄酮提取的最佳工艺条件为:乙醇浓度75%,料液比1:21 g/mL,超声时间49 min,超声功率240 w,在此条件下,总黄酮得率平均值为9.015 mg/g。     

响应面优化-超声提取黄姜中总黄酮工艺研究

目的:利用响应面法对黄姜总黄酮的提取工艺进行优化.方法:在单因素的基础上以超声功率、超声时间、料液比、乙醇浓度为响应因素,黄姜总黄酮的提取率为响应值,根据中心组合实验原理,采用四因素三水平的响应面分析法.结果:确定提取最佳工艺参数为超声时间29.53 min、超声功率为400.76w、料液比为1:42.19、乙醇浓度为79.60％,在此条件下总黄酮提取率的预测值为11.15 (mg/g).结论:考虑到实际操作的问题,将提取最佳工艺参数修正为超声时间30 min、超声功率400w、料液比1:40、乙醇浓度80％,进行3次平行试验,结果总黄酮提取率为11.09 mg/g,绝对误差为0.057％,说明实验结果与模型吻合很好.     

余甘子总黄酮超声波辅助提取工艺的优化

以余甘子干粉为材料,利用超声波辅助提取余甘子总黄酮。单因素试验分析液料比、乙醇浓度、超声时间、超声功率对余甘子总黄酮提取率的影响,在此基础上,利用响应面分析法对提取工艺进行优化。结果表明,余甘子总黄酮最佳提取条件为：液料比82:1(V/W)、乙醇浓度45%、超声时间41 min、超声功率210 W,在此条件下余甘子总黄酮的实际提取率为6.12%。     

响应面法优化余甘叶中黄酮提取工艺

以余甘叶为试材,利用超声波辅助提取余甘叶黄酮,研究料液比、乙醇浓度、超声时间、超声功率对黄酮提取率的影响,并在单因素试验的基础上,通过响应面分析法优化提取工艺。结果表明,余甘叶中黄酮最佳超声提取条件为：料液比1∶73、乙醇浓度50%、超声时间30 min、超声功率210 W,在此条件下黄酮实际提取率为19.51%。     

响应面法优化火龙果茎甾醇的提取及纯化工艺研究

以火龙果茎为原料,研究火龙果茎甾醇的提取及精制工艺.利用响应面分析法对火龙果茎甾醇超声提取工艺进行优化.结果表明:超声波辅助提取火龙果茎甾醇的最佳工艺条件为提取时间57 min、超声功率143 W、液料比12∶1 (mL/g)、温度53℃,甾醇得率为2.693％‰.通过正交试验确定火龙果茎甾醇精制的最佳条件为:液料比为4∶1(mL/mg),结晶初始温度为55℃,养品时间为18h,此条件下火龙果茎甾醇的纯度达到87.6％.     

响应面法优化超声辅助提取贯众多酚工艺

利用响应面法优化贯众多酚的提取工艺。在单因素试验的基础上,选择超声时间、超声温度、料液比、乙醇浓度为自变量,贯众中多酚的提取率为响应值,进行Box-Benhnken中心组合实验设计,运用响应面法优化提取条件,得到最优提取条件如下:超声时间20 min,超声温度46℃,料液比1∶40,乙醇浓度35%,经验证,贯众中多酚的提取率为8.11660%,理论值为8.12986%,RSD为0.15%。该工艺高效、稳定,有一定的应用价值。     

响应面法优化超声辅助提取宣木瓜总皂苷提取工艺研究

对宣木瓜总皂苷的超声辅助提取工艺优化进行研究.在单因素试验基础上,选择提取时间、温度、乙醇浓度和料液比为自变量,以宣木瓜总皂苷得率为响应值,采用Central Composite Design试验设计方法,研究各自变量及其交互作用对宣木瓜总皂苷提取率的影响.利用Design Expert软件得到回归方程的预测模型并进行响应面分析,确定超声辅助提取宣木瓜总皂苷的最佳条件为时间61.69 min,温度62.34℃,乙醇浓度70.49％,料液比1∶30.57 g/mL,在此条件下,总皂苷提取率达到1.55％.验证实验表明,所得模型方程能较好地预测实验结果.     

吉林长白山刺五加总皂苷超声提取工艺研究

以吉林长白山野生刺五加果实为原料,采用正交试验设计通过香草醛—高氯酸显色法对不同超声处理条件下刺五加果实粗提物中总皂甙得率进行测定,优化野生刺五加果实总皂甙超声提取工艺.结果表明:超声提取吉林长白山野生刺五加果实总皂甙的最佳工艺条件为料液比1∶20、乙醇体积分数70％、超声波功率450W、超声提取时间50 min,测得刺五加粗提物中总皂甙含量为3.57 mg/g,该提取方法简便、快捷,可用于长白山野生刺五加果实总皂甙提取和测定.     

基于绿色低共熔溶剂法高效提取鸡骨草中的黄酮和皂苷

为了研究鸡骨草中总黄酮和总皂苷的最佳提取工艺,通过单因素试验和星点设计-响应面法,对低共熔溶剂的性质(如种类、组分摩尔比、含水量)、提取温度、提取时间、液料比等多个因素进行考察。结果显示,总黄酮的最佳提取条件为:摩尔比1∶2、含水量30%的氯化胆碱/乙二醇作溶剂,提取温度80℃,提取时间40min,液料比15∶1(mL/g);总皂苷的最佳提取条件为∶摩尔比1∶4、含水量25%的氯化胆碱/乳酸作溶剂,提取温度80℃,提取时间64min,液料比56∶1(mL/g)。在最佳条件下,总黄酮和总皂苷的提取率较传统提取溶剂分别提高了33.3%和96.4%。本研究为鸡骨草中黄酮和皂苷的高效、安全提取提供了一条新思路。     

巨尾桉叶中皂苷的提取分离及其抗氧化活性研究

开展了从巨尾桉叶中提取皂苷的工艺优化研究.考察了温度、时间,溶剂用量对皂苷得率的影响,并对粗提物进行纯化.结果表明,巨尾桉叶皂苷的优化条件是:提取温度61.8℃,提取时间5.02h,溶剂与巨尾桉叶的液料比为20.09∶1,皂苷的提取得率(g/g)为5.51％.提取物经大孔树脂-丙酮沉淀联用分离法纯化后皂苷含量由16.22％提高到50.35％.对粗提物、大孔树脂纯化物和大孔树脂吸附-丙酮沉淀纯化物进行抗氧化活性研究.结果表明,它们对DPPH自由基的最大清除率分别为83.02％、84.20％和85.62％,对过氧化氢的最大清除率分别为80.10％、55.02％和48.21％,对超氧阴离子自由基的最大清除率分别为16.62％、13.43％和10.01％.     

A novel technology coupling extraction and foam fractionation for separating the total saponins from Achyranthes bidentata

A novel technology coupling extraction and foam fractionation was developed for separating the total saponins from Achyranthes bidentata. In the developed technology, the powder of A. bidentata was loaded in a nylon filter cloth pocket with bore diameter of 180?µm. The pocket was fixed in the bulk liquid phase for continuously releasing saponins. Under the optimal conditions, the concentration and the extraction rate of the total saponins in the foamate by the developed technology were 73.5% and 416.2% higher than those by the traditional technology, respectively. The foamates obtained by the traditional technology and the developed technology were analyzed by ultraperformance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry to determine their ingredients, and the results appeared that the developed technology exhibited a better performance for separating saponins than the traditional technology. The study is expected to develop a novel technology for cost effectively separating plant-derived materials with surface activity.     

响应面分析法优化超声波辅助提取芦笋多糖工艺条件的研究

采用超声波辅助水提法提取芦笋多糖,并用响应面法进行工艺条件优化研究.结果表明芦笋多糖得率为4.298%,其最佳工艺条件为提取超声功率250 w,料液比为l:30(g:ml),超声温度为75℃,超声时间为60 min.     

The occurrence of sclerotium rot on Momordica charantia caused by Sclerotium rolfsii in Korea

Sclerotium rolfsii is one of the most destructive pathogens and thought to affect a broad range of plant hosts. In July 2014, an occurrence of sclerotium rot was observed on bitter melon (Momordica charantia L.) in Jinju, South Korea. The rot symptoms were most developed on stems and fruit near the soil line, and infected bitter melon plants withered and eventually died. White mycelial mats with numerous sclerotia were produced on diseased stems and fruit near the soil surface. Based on the morphological characteristics, pathogenicity tests, and DNA sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene region, the causal fungus was identified as S. rolfsii Saccardo. This is the first report of sclerotium rot caused by S. rolfsii on bitter melon in Korea. The recent occurrence of sclerotium rot on bitter melon poses a potential threat to its production in Korea.     

Metabolic response of yellow mealworm larvae to two alternative rearing substrates

Introduction

Bitter melon (Momordica charantia, Cucurbitaceae) is a popular edible medicinal plant, which has been used as a botanical dietary supplement for the treatment of diabetes and obesity in Chinese folk medicine. Previously, our team has proved that cucurbitanes triterpenoid were involved in bitter melon’s anti-diabetic effects as well as on increasing energy expenditure. The triterpenoids composition can however be influenced by changes of varieties or habitats.

Objectives

To clarify the significance of bioactive metabolites diversity among different bitter melons and to provide a guideline for selection of bitter melon varieties, an exploratory study was carried out using a UHPLC-HRMS based metabolomic study to identify chemotypes.

Methods

Metabolites of 55 seed samples of bitter melon collected in different parts of China were profiled by UHPLC-HRMS. The profiling data were analysed with multivariate (MVA) statistical methods. Principle component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) were applied for sample differentiation. Marker compounds were identified by comparing spectroscopic data with isolated compounds, and additional triterpenes were putatively identified by propagating annotations through a molecular network (MN) generated from UHPLC-HRMS & MS/MS metabolite profiling.

Results

PCA and HCA provided a good discrimination between bitter melon samples from various origins in China. This study revealed for the first time the existence of two chemotypes of bitter melon. Marker compounds of those two chemotypes were identified at different MSI levels. The combined results of MN and MVA demonstrated that the two chemotypes mainly differ in their richness in cucurbitane versus oleanane triterpenoid glycosides (CTGs vs. OTGs).

Conclusion

Our finding revealed a clear chemotype distribution of bioactive components across bitter melon varieties. While bioactivities of individual CTGs and OTGs still need to be investigated in more depth, our results could help in future the selection of bitter melon varieties with optimised metabolites profile for an improved management of diabetes with this popular edible Chinese folk medicine.

     

百合总皂苷提取工艺及抗抑郁活性研究

本文研究百合总皂苷最佳提取工艺,继而采用AB-8大孔吸附树脂富集纯化百合总皂苷,并测试其抗抑郁活性。采用正交实验,考察乙醇浓度、提取次数、固液比及提取时间四个因素对该工艺的影响;采用小鼠悬尾实验和小鼠强迫游泳实验评价百合总皂苷的抗抑郁活性。确立了百合总皂苷的最佳提取工艺为:提取时间3h,乙醇浓度80%,固液比1∶10,提取次数为3次。在最佳提取工艺条件下,总皂苷提取率为1.24%。经过AB-8大孔树脂富集纯化总皂苷的含量达到62%以上。药理实验表明,百合总皂苷中剂量、小剂量能明显缩短小鼠悬尾的不动时间和游泳时间(P<0.05或者P<0.01),百合富集纯化的总皂苷部位具有较好的抗抑郁活性。     

全雌系苦瓜ACC合成酶基因cDNA克隆及序列分析

以全雌系苦瓜‘X-Hei-d-d’花蕾为材料,根据已报道ACC合成酶(1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid synthase,ACS)保守氨基酸序列设计简并引物,采用RT-PCR技术及序列拼接,获得了全雌系苦瓜ACS基因cDNA序列,命名为Mc-ACS4(GenBank登录号:FJ459814)。该序列包含一个1 455 bp的完整开放阅读框,编码484个氨基酸,具有7个保守区;系统进化上与普通苦瓜ACS基因首先聚类,同源性达99%,二者仅有2个氨基酸差异,推测可能与全雌系苦瓜性别分化有关。