结球甘蓝自交不亲和系组织快繁体系研究

对结球甘蓝自交不亲和系进行快繁,以探讨不同外植体、激素配比及浓度、定植方式等因素对结球甘蓝不定芽、不定根发生能力等的影响.结果表明:当激素浓度组合为5 mg/L 6-BA+0.25 mg/L NAA时不定芽分化率最高,腋芽和下胚轴分别为87.5%和85%;当组合为2 mg/L 6-BA+0.01 mg/L NAA和3 mg/L 6-BA+0.1 mg/L NAA时最易诱导产生不定芽,增殖系数达到4以上;适合生根培养基为2/3 MS+0.1 mg/L IBA+0.1 mg/L NAA,平均每株生根数是7～8条,生根率80.3%.移栽到穴盘的试管苗成活率高达100%,生长健壮;直接栽在大田的成活率为84.7%,长势较差.起始培养时腋芽比种子增殖速度快,后期增殖及生长二者无显著差异.     

米槁组织培养不定芽发生与继代增殖

该研究以米槁的带腋芽茎段为实验材料,建立米槁不定芽诱导及增殖培养体系,探究不同消毒时间、取材时间及不同激素种类和浓度配比条件对米槁带芽茎段不定芽诱导及增殖的影响。结果表明：(1)外植体最适消毒方式为75%酒精30 s + 0.1% HgCl₂ 6.5 min,11月为外植体取材进行消毒的最佳时期。(2)最适不定芽诱导培养基为MS + 3.0 mg/L 6 BA + 0.3 mg/L IBA + 6.5 g/L琼脂+ 30 g/L蔗糖,不定芽诱导率可达到81.24%;6 BA和NAA均能促进米槁不定芽的增殖,且NAA是不定芽增殖的主要影响因素。(3)最适不定芽增殖培养基为MS + 0.1 mg/L 6 BA + 1.0 mg/L NAA + 0.3 g/L AC + 6.5 g/L琼脂 + 30 g/L蔗糖,不定芽平均增殖系数达到2.79。该研究基本建立了米槁不定芽诱导及增殖培养体系,为其深层次的资源开发、利用及快速繁殖提供了一条新的路径。     

罗汉果叶片离体再生快繁技术

以罗汉果(Ssiraiti grosvenori)叶片为外植体,探讨培养方式、激素组合对愈伤组织诱导和不定芽分化的影响。结果表明:罗汉果叶片在培养基MS+BA 1.0 mg/L+IBA 0.7 mg/L上培养4周愈伤组织的诱导率达90%以上;罗汉果愈伤组织在培养基MS+BA 1.0 mg/L+IBA0.2 mg/L+赛苯隆(TDZ)0.1 mg/L上不定芽的分化率可达70%,平均出芽指数3.7;罗汉果试管苗在培养基MS+BA 2.0 mg/L+IBA 0.2 mg/L上茎芽增殖比较稳定,在培养基MS+IBA0.1 mg/L上培养2周开始分化不定根,其生根率在90%以上。     

金线莲组织培养中若干因素的研究

研究了影响金钱莲组培芽的增殖和营养器官分化的几个因素。结果表明:植物细胞分裂素及生长素的种类、浓度和配比对瓶苗茎发育有很大影响,在增殖期使用浓度为1.0mg/L BA、0.5mg/L IBA,器官分化生长期使用浓度为增殖期激素量的三分之一;瓶移植量10～15株;光照量显著影响植株生长期叶片生长,500lx较合适;活性炭明显提高诱导根的生长质量,添加浓度0.5％效果最好。     

青钱柳组培快繁体系的初步研究

以青钱柳成熟胚为实验材料,对建立青钱柳组培快繁技术体系进行初步研究.结果表明,离体胚在添加30 g/L蔗糖、6.5 g/L琼脂的培养基中培养60 d,成苗率可达到72.67%.通过正交试验筛选出丛生芽诱导增殖的最佳培养基为WPM+0.5 mg/L 6-BA+0.01 mg/L IBA+30 g/L蔗糖,适宜的继代周期为40 d,丛生芽诱导率可达到93.33%,增殖系数最高为4.75,3种激素对丛生芽增殖系数的影响程度依次为IBA>6-BA>KT,其中IBA有显著影响.培养基中添加适当浓度的烯效唑和稀土镧对试管苗的壮苗和生长均有促进作用,其最适浓度分别为0.1 mg/L和5 mg/L.适宜浓度的IBA对试管苗生根有一定促进作用,采用WPM+0.2 mg/L IBA+20 g/L蔗糖培养基进行诱导,生根率为16.67%,经过15 d暗诱导处理,生根率可提高到23.33%.     

花烛苞片离体培养及植株再生(简报)

以花烛苞片为外植体进行离体再生体系研究,结果表明,改良Nitsch BA 1.0mg/L 2,4-D 0.4mg/L 蔗糖20g/L 椰汁15%(V/V)为适宜愈伤组织诱导培养基;改良Nitsch BA 0.25mg/L KT0.1mg/L 蔗糖20g/L 椰汁15%(V/V)为适宜不定芽分化培养基;适宜生根壮苗培养基:改良Nitsch BA 0.25mg/L IBA0.2mg/L 蔗糖30g/L 活性炭2g/L。愈伤组织诱导培养2个月后转入不定芽诱导培养基中,2个月后不定芽陆续发出。     

斑叶绵枣儿的试管繁殖

植物名称:斑叶绵枣儿(Scilla uiolaces)。材料类别:叶培养条件:基本培养基为MS,加0.7％琼脂静置培养。附加激素为:(1)2,4-D 0.25mg/L(单位下同) ZTI NA2L0.5;(2)BA2 KTI NAA0.25(3)1/2MS NAA0.5 IBA0.5。以上培养基用于初代培养诱导分化愈伤组织,继代培养增殖     

从麻疯树上胚轴外植体再生植株

以麻疯树上胚轴为实验材料在MS添加IBA和BA的培养基上进行离体培养实验.结果表明,在IBA O.1 mg/L与BA 0.2～0.7 mg/L组合的条件下,不定芽从上胚轴外植体的表面直接被诱导分化,其中以在MS IBA 0.1 mg/L BA 0.5 mg/L上的诱导率最高.从愈伤组织来源的植株再生需要IBA 0.5 mg/L与BA 0.1 mg/L、IBA 0.5 mg/L与BA0.2mg/L以及IBA1.0mg/L与BA0.5mg/L的激素组合,其分化的最佳培养基是MS IBA1.0 mg/L BA0.5 mg/L.生长健壮的不定芽和再生植株能在无激素的MS基本培养基上生根.发育良好的再生苗可成功地转移到温室栽培而没有可见的变异.     

6-BA和2,4-D对铁皮石斛原球茎增殖、分化和离体保存的影响

本文探讨6-BA和2,4-D对铁皮石斛原球茎增殖和分化的影响。结果表明：铁皮石斛原球茎芽再生的较好培养基为MS,芽增长的较好培养基为MS + 6-BA 1 mg/L + 2,4-D 0.1 mg/L,原球茎再生芽生根和原球茎增殖的较好培养基也为MS。添加0.5 mg/L 2,4-D不利于铁皮石斛原球茎的保存,而不添加2,4–D或添加0.1 mg/L 2,4-D均有利于铁皮石斛原球茎保存,且有持续增长趋势。     

白蕊草组织培养和快速繁殖的研究

通过对白蕊草组织培养的培养基种类,激素配比,添加物汁液,碳源的研究,得出适合白蕊草侧芽分化生长的最佳培养基为MS＋6－BA2.0mg/L＋NAA0．5mg/L 狗牙根汁液。诱导愈伤组织以2,4－D浓度在0.5mg/L-2mg/L之间最佳。碳源以蔗糖,浓度3％最佳。生根实验表明：较低浓度的生长素不利于生根,最佳生根培养基为MS＋6－BA0.5mg/L NAA2mg/L 狗牙根汁液或MS＋6－BA0.5mg/L IBA2mg/L 狗牙根汁液。     

生长素与乙烯在沙田柚上胚轴不定芽再生中的作用

结果表明,6 BA只能诱导较低频率的不定芽再生,IBA的加入可以促进不定芽的再生。从再生率与单位外植体再生芽数综合考虑,以高浓度IBA(1.5mg·L 1)与低浓度6 BA(0.5mg·L 1)配合的效果最佳,加入生长素极性运输的调节剂TIBA与Flavone可进一步提高不定芽的再生频率。乙烯抑制上胚轴不定芽的再生,而乙烯生理作用的拮抗剂Ag+与生物合成抑制剂AOA、Co+可以显著提高不定芽再生频率。水杨酸(SA)也抑制不定芽的再生。     

A two-stage pretreatment of seedlings improves adventitious shoot regeneration in sugar beet (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Beta vulgaris</Emphasis> L.)

The effects of a two-stage pretreatment of seedlings on the subsequent shoot regeneration capacity were investigated. Pretreated seedlings were obtained by germinating seeds on three different germination media and then further culturing on six different growth media. Lamina and petiole explants of two sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) breeding lines were then excised from the pretreated seedlings and cultured on five different shoot regeneration media. In both breeding lines, petiole explants produced significantly more shoots than lamina explants with higher frequencies of organogenic capacities; petiole explants of the lines M1195 and ELK345 produced a mean of 2.1 and 2.7 shoots per explant while their lamina explants produced 1.5 and 2.2 shoots per explant, respectively. A genotypic variation was evident as the line ELK345 was more productive for shoot development from both types of explants. In overall comparisons of different germination, growth and regeneration media, germination medium was most effective when supplemented with 0.5 mg/l 6-benzyladenine (BA) while both growth and regeneration media were most productive when contained a combination of 0.25 mg/l BA and 0.10 mg/l indole-3-butyric acid (IBA). Of all the treatments tested, the highest mean number of shoots per explant (8.3 shoots) and frequency of organogenic explants (75.6%) were obtained on regeneration medium supplemented with 0.25 mg/l BA and 0.10 mg/l IBA when petiole explants of the line ELK345 were excised from the seedlings that had been germinated on medium containing 0.5 mg/l BA followed by further growth on medium containing 0.25 mg/l BA and 0.10 mg/l IBA.     

紫穗槐的离体快速繁殖

以子叶节为外植体,建立起了紫穗槐的快速离体再生系统.经过四周的培养,在附加8mg·L-16-BA的MS培养基上能够获得再生频率为100%,平均每个外植体5.21个芽点的高效再生植株.以再生植株的茎节为外植体所进行的继代能够在相同的培养基上连续的产生新的不定芽,但芽点数要少于起始培养.经过3周的培养,有82.53%切下的再生茎段能够在含2.0mg·L-1IAA的MS培养基上生根.在所有进行分析过的再生植株中,它们的染色体数目都没有发生变异(2n=40).经过练苗以后,再生植株成功地定植于土壤当中并展示了一致的外部形态和生长特性.     

枸杞原生质体培养及高效成株体系的建立

由枸杞髓部组织诱导出胚性愈伤组织,并由此愈伤组织建立起稳定的细胞悬浮系。从悬浮细胞游离的原生质体在改良KM培养基(1.5 mg/L 6_BA,0.5 mg/L NAA和0.5 mg/L 2,4_D)中进行液体浅层培养,3～4 d后出现第一次分裂,第7 d统计分裂频率为50.3%,15 d左右可形成细胞团,3～4周后形成肉眼可见的愈伤组织,愈伤组织植板率为1.25%。将细胞团转移到液体分化培养基(MS+6_BA 1.5 mg/L+2,4_D 0.2 mg/L) 8～10 d可形成大量胚状体,及时将胚性愈伤组织块转移到固体分化培养基上(MS+6_BA 0.2 mg/L),可形成大量绿芽,分化率54.17%。绿芽在生根培养基（MS+NAA 0.2 mg/L）可形成完整植株,移栽后成活良好。     

In vitro regeneration of long spur barrenwort (Epimedium grandiflorum Morr.) from rachis explants

Summary A system for micropropagation of Epimedium grandiflorum Morr. from rachis explants was developed. Explants were cultured onto Murashige and Skoog (MS) basal salts medium supplemented with (per L) 100 mg myo-inositol, 2 mg pyridoxine-HCl, 2 mg nicotinic acid, 0.40 mg thiamine-HCl, 30 g sucrose, and 2 g Phytagel. The medium also contained 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) at 0.1, 0.2, or 0.25 mg/L (0.5, 0.9, or 1.1 μM) combined with either N⁶-benzyladenine (BA) or 2-isopentenyl adenine (2ip) at 2.5, 5, or 10 mg/L (11.1, 22.2, or 44.4 μM BA or 12.3, 24.6, or 49.2 μM 2iP). Cultures were maintained at a 16-h photoperiod (40 μmol/m²/s) and 23±2° C. Callogenesis preceded shoot regeneration. Callus formation increased with higher 2,4-D concentrations. The highest percent regeneration, 83% of explants, was obtained on 10 mg BA per L (44.4 μM) combined with 0.25 mg 2,4-D per L (1.1 μM). The maximum number of shoots, 15 per explant, was obtained from explants cultured on a medium containing 0.1 mg 2,4-D per L (0.45 μM) combined with 2.5 mg BA per L (11.1 μM). Maximum shoot length, 0.4 cm, was obtained on 5 mg BA per L (22.2 μM) combined with 0.2 mg 2,4-D per L (0.9 μM). To produce whole plants, shoots were separated and rooted on hormone-free medium containing 1 g activated charcoal per L. Rachises provided an excellent source of explants for Epimedium micropropagation and proved suitable for callus production.     

In vitro propagation of the medicinal herbs Ocimum americanum L. syn. O. canum Sims. (hoary basil) and Ocimum sanctum L. (holy basil)

A procedure is outlined for in vitro propagation of two medicinal herbs, Ocimum americanum L. syn. O. canum Sims (hoary basil) and Ocimum sanctum L. (holy basil), using axillary shoot buds. Multiple shoot formation was induced from shoot bud explants of both species on Murashige and Skoog medium (MS) supplemented with benzyladenine (BA). The optimum BA concentrations for shoot proliferation were 0.25 mg/l for O. americanum and 1.0 mg/l for O. sanctum. Incorporation of 0.5 mg/l gibberellic acid (GA₃) along with BA in the culture medium resulted in a marked increase in the frequency of axillary branching as well as multiple shoot formation. Shoot buds collected between September through December were most responsive in culture. Shoots of O. americanum were rooted on half-strength MS supplemented with 1.0 mg/l indole-3-butyric acid (IBA), whereas O. sanctum rooted best on medium with 1.0 mg/l naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA). The plantlets were hardened off and successfully established in natural soil, where they grew and matured normally.Abbreviations BA N⁶-benzyladenine - 2,4-D 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid - GA₃ gibberellic acid - IAA indole-3-acetic acid - IBA indole-3-butyric acid - MS Murashige and Skoog (1962) medium - NAA 1-naphthaleneacetic acid     

沙棘组织培养技术的研究

本试验选用中国沙棘的种子和休眠枝条作为材料,研究沙棘不同外植体的离体培养技术,试验结果表明,沙棘的无菌苗子与休眠枝条上的休眠芽都可以作为离体培养的良好外植体,沙棘的最适分化培养基是：1／4MS＋6－BA0．30mg/L NAA0．002mg/L,增殖,壮芽培养基是：1／4 MS＋6－BA 0．1mg/L NAA 0.004mg/L;最适生根培养基是：1／4MS＋NAA0.05mg/L iBA 0.2mg/L;愈伤组织诱导培养基是：1／4MS＋2,4－D 0．3mg/L。     

长柄双花木愈伤组织诱导及植株再生

以长柄双花木当年生嫩梢上的叶柄、嫩茎、嫩叶为外植体,对影响长柄双花木愈伤组织诱导和继代、分化主要因素进行研究。结果表明:在培养基MS+NAA0.5mg/L+2,4-D2.0mg/L上,三种外植体均可诱导出愈伤组织,其中叶片愈伤组织诱导率最高。该培养基还可作为愈伤组织继代培养基,但继代培养周期不超过2周。愈伤组织接种在MS+BA2mg/L上分化不定芽,根的诱导在1/2MS+IBA0.5mg/L培养基上进行。     

魔芋茎尖组织培养和植株再生的研究

以魔芋茎尖、幼芽为外植本,接种于１／２ＭＳ＋１．０ｍｇ／ＬＢＡ＋０．０１ｍｇ／ＬＮＡＡ的培养基中,茎尖、幼芽逐渐生长直接形成幼芽或幼苗;或从茎尖、幼芽由来的膨大的块茎组织表面诱导出幼芽。膨大的块茎组织分割后接种于ＭＳ＋０．０１ｍｇ／Ｌ＋０．０１ｍｇ／ＬＮＡＡ的培养基中进行增殖培养,同时从增殖的块茎组织表面不断地诱导出幼芽。幼芽切块转入不含激素的ＭＳ培养基中,形成幼苗。幼苗切块转入ＭＳ＋０．１ｍｇ／ＬＮＡＡ的生根培养茎中,幼苗生根,形成完整的植株。试管苗移栽６个月后获得干块茎。