鹅源鸭疫里默氏杆菌的分离、鉴定与生物学特性研究

【目的】从疑似鸭疫里默氏杆菌病的病死雏鹅分离病原菌进行鉴定。【方法】根据细菌培养特性、生化特性、动物试验、血清型鉴定及分子生物学特性对分离菌株进行鉴定。【结果】分离菌株为革兰氏阴性菌,不发酵糖类和醇类,尿素酶试验和氧化酶还原试验为阳性,致病,不同分离株的16S rRNA基因经多重序列比对分析,结果显示鹅源分离株与鸭源鸭疫里默氏杆菌处于同一进化支上,与鸡源鸭疫里默氏杆菌进化关系稍远,血清型鉴定为1型。【结论】分离菌株为血清1型的鸭疫里默氏杆菌,对鸭和鹅均有高致病性,自家疫苗能够较好地保护雏鹅。     

江苏地区10株鹅源鸭疫里默氏杆菌的耐药性及致病性特征分析

[背景] 鸭疫里默氏杆菌感染是危害水禽业最严重的细菌传染性病之一,鹅源鸭疫里默氏杆菌病的发病率有逐渐增高趋势,给养鹅业带来了巨大经济损失。[目的] 为更好地预防控制鹅源鸭疫里默氏杆菌病、解决鹅养殖场临床用药问题及进一步探究鸭源和鹅源鸭疫里默氏杆菌之间的关系。[方法] 对江苏地区的发病鹅进行鸭疫里默氏杆菌的分离培养、多重PCR方法鉴定及生化试验,并对分离获得的10株鸭疫里默氏杆菌进行药敏试验、血清型鉴定及雏鸭致病性试验。[结果] 药敏试验结果显示,鹅源分离菌株对大观霉素、磺胺异噁唑、头孢曲松、头孢拉定、氟苯尼考最敏感,对新霉素、卡那霉素、丁胺卡那霉素、庆大霉素和克林霉素耐药性最高且多重耐药性严重。血清型鉴定表明,江苏地区分离的10株鹅源鸭疫里默氏杆菌主要以血清型2型为主。雏鸭致病性试验表明,鹅源鸭疫里默氏杆菌分离株均引起雏鸭不同程度发病,其中3株鹅源临床分离株经1×10⁷ CFU/羽攻毒后可引起雏鸭100%的致死率。[结论] 为鹅源鸭疫里默氏杆菌的预防控制、临床治疗及进一步研究鸭源和鹅源鸭疫里默氏杆菌之间的关系提供依据。     

基于响应面分析的高抗原活性鸭疫里默氏杆菌疫苗培养基的研制及其效果评价

【背景】鸭疫里默氏杆菌广泛存在于养殖场,引起雏鸭发生传染性浆膜炎,严重危害养鸭业的发展。【目的】提高鸭疫里默氏杆菌发酵培养水平和抗原活性,为鸭疫里默氏杆菌灭活疫苗的研制提供技术指引。【方法】利用单因素及响应面的试验设计方法,针对鸭疫里默氏杆菌进行疫苗培养基的研制,并探究不同发酵时间点该菌的抗原活性,选择抗原活性最高点时制备灭活疫苗,通过动物免疫保护试验评价疫苗免疫效果。【结果】使用研制的疫苗培养基发酵培养鸭疫里默氏杆菌,其活菌数能够达到4.68×1010 CFU/mL,较市面上该菌专用的培养基提高2.29倍。该菌发酵12 h后抗原活性达到最高,在此时制备的灭活疫苗诱导小鼠产生的抗体水平显著高于商品化灭活疫苗,攻毒保护率达到了100%。【结论】本研究研制的培养基具有优异的增菌效果,可作为生产鸭疫里默氏杆菌灭活疫苗抗原的发酵培养基,疫苗生产过程中可选择菌株抗原活性达到最高时收集菌体。     

鸭疫里默氏杆菌流行菌株的分离鉴定及生物学特性

【背景】鸭疫里默氏杆菌(Riemerella anatipestifer,RA)是引起雏鸭、鹅、火鸡等多种家禽、野禽发生传染性浆膜炎的病原,在全世界范围内广泛存在,危害养禽业发展,造成严重的经济损失。【目的】了解国内RA的流行现状,探究该菌的生物学特性,更好地指导防控鸭疫里默氏杆菌病。【方法】对2020-2021年从山东省、河北省、广东省、山西省等地分离的RA疑似菌株进行PCR、生化和血清型鉴定,并根据药物敏感性结果分析耐药现象,根据半数致死量(median lethal dose,LD₅₀)测定结果分析致病力差异。【结果】共鉴定78株RA分离株,其中,血清1型4株、2型21株、10型11株、6型3株、7型17株,1株有交叉凝集现象,21株血清型未定型;药敏结果显示78株分离株对多粘菌素B、磷霉素、克林霉素等的耐药性最强,对头孢拉定、多西环素、呋喃唑酮、氟苯尼考等抗生素最为敏感,并且78株分离株均存在多重耐药性,其中77株耐药5重及以上;动物试验结果显示,RA的分离株致病力普遍较强,而且不同地区分离株、同地区不同分离株之间均存在差异,数株RA分离株的LD₅₀在10⁴-10⁷ CFU不等。【结论】RA在国内流行表现了强致病力及严重耐药情况,本研究结果为更好地预防控制、临床用药及后续致病机制研究提供了参考依据。     

鸭疫里默氏杆菌强、弱菌株外膜蛋白的比较蛋白质组学研究

应用双向电泳及质谱技术对血清2型鸭疫里默氏杆菌强毒株及其体外传代200代(RA200)的弱毒菌株的外膜蛋白进行比较蛋白质组学研究,借此分析鸭疫里默氏杆菌的外膜蛋白表达特点,研究差异表达蛋白与细菌毒力的关系.在实验中检测到血清2型鸭疫里默氏杆菌原代及其体外传代获得的弱毒菌株的外膜蛋白约表达60个蛋白质点(n=3),其中相差5倍以上3个.胶内酶解和肽质量指纹图谱分析后鉴定,W1为热休克蛋白Hsp20家族成员,W2、W3为转座酶,推测它们可能与里默氏杆菌的毒力密切相关.     

兔支气管败血波氏杆菌单克隆抗体的制备及鉴定

目的建立能稳定分泌抗兔支气管败血波氏杆菌（Bb）的单克隆抗体杂交瘤细胞株,为今后进一步建立该菌的免疫检测技术奠定基础。方法以Bb分离株BLJ05的灭活菌液为免疫原,腹腔免疫BALB/c小鼠,采用常规杂交瘤技术制备Bb单克隆抗体（McAb）,用间接ELISA、Western-blot等方法对McAb特性进行鉴定。结果获得两株能稳定分泌抗Bb单克隆抗体的杂交瘤细胞株,分别命名为A7D5和D6B2,其小鼠腹水抗体效价分别为1∶409600和1∶102400;且不与兔大肠杆菌、多杀性巴氏杆菌、产气荚膜梭菌等兔的常见病原菌反应,特异性强。两株单抗亲和力实验表明A7D5亲和力略高于D6B2。ELISA相加试验表明它们针对相同的抗原表位。结论成功建立了两株能稳定分泌抗兔支气管败血波氏杆菌单克隆抗体的杂交瘤细胞株,效价高、特异性强,为今后建立该菌的免疫检测技术建立奠定了基础。     

鸭疫里默氏杆菌外膜蛋白生物学特性研究

血清2型鸭疫里默氏杆菌强毒菌株体外传200代获得了无毒力无免疫原性菌株,采用超声波裂解和超速离心法提取二株菌的外膜蛋白, 以比较分析鸭疫里默氏杆菌外膜蛋白的生物学特性。电镜观察细菌超微结构显示传代菌株外膜膜密度降低, 外膜泡的数量明显减少, 细胞质不均匀、内有空泡产生;免疫印迹结果表明二株菌的外膜蛋白免疫原性多肽存在明显区别;原代菌株的外膜蛋白仅与2型RA抗体出现特异性凝集, 而传代菌株的外膜蛋白与 1、2、10与11型RA抗体均出现凝集;二株菌的外膜蛋白均可诱导雏鸭产生抗体, 但原代菌株外膜蛋白诱导雏鸭产生抗体滴度显著高于200代次菌株;原代菌株外膜蛋白免疫鸭对同源RA菌株的攻击可产生100%的免疫保护, 而传代菌株外膜蛋白免疫鸭对同源RA菌株的攻击不产生免疫保护。序列分析显示两者的外膜蛋白A同源性达到99.9%。结果表明强毒菌株的外膜蛋白为良好的亚单位疫苗候选, 体外连续传代对RA外膜蛋白生物学特性影响显著。     

鸭疫里默氏杆菌外膜蛋白生物学特性研究

血清2型鸭疫里默氏杆菌强毒菌株体外传200代获得了无毒力无免疫原性菌株,采用超声波裂解和超速离心法提取二株菌的外膜蛋白, 以比较分析鸭疫里默氏杆菌外膜蛋白的生物学特性。电镜观察细菌超微结构显示传代菌株外膜膜密度降低, 外膜泡的数量明显减少, 细胞质不均匀、内有空泡产生;免疫印迹结果表明二株菌的外膜蛋白免疫原性多肽存在明显区别;原代菌株的外膜蛋白仅与2型RA抗体出现特异性凝集, 而传代菌株的外膜蛋白与 1、2、10与11型RA抗体均出现凝集;二株菌的外膜蛋白均可诱导雏鸭产生抗体, 但原代菌株外膜蛋白诱导雏鸭产生抗体滴度显著高于200代次菌株;原代菌株外膜蛋白免疫鸭对同源RA菌株的攻击可产生100%的免疫保护, 而传代菌株外膜蛋白免疫鸭对同源RA菌株的攻击不产生免疫保护。序列分析显示两者的外膜蛋白A同源性达到99.9%。结果表明强毒菌株的外膜蛋白为良好的亚单位疫苗候选, 体外连续传代对RA外膜蛋白生物学特性影响显著。     

牛血清白蛋白单克隆抗体杂交瘤细胞株的建立及鉴定

用牛血清白蛋白(BSA)免疫BALB/c小鼠,取其脾细胞与小鼠骨髓瘤细胞SP2/0进行融合,培养上清经过双抗体夹心法检测初步筛选分泌鼠IgG的杂交瘤细胞,将此种杂交瘤细胞注射小鼠产生的腹水用间接ELISA法筛选,获得4株能稳定分泌抗BSA单克隆抗体的杂交瘤细胞株,分别命名为2A5、3A3、3G6、4A8。鉴定结果显示,2A5细胞分泌IgG2a/κ,其余3株细胞分泌IgG1/κ;纯化后4株腹水单抗的纯度达90%以上,对BSA的ELISA滴度均可达到1∶100000以上;4株单抗均不与人以及马、猪、羊、兔、豚鼠等血清发生交叉反应;W estern B lotting试验证明4株单抗均识别分子量为68000的BSA;用间接ELISA法测定4株单抗相对亲和力及相对敏感度大小依次为3A3>2A5>3G6>4A8;杂交瘤细胞株连续培养3个月以及冻存半年后复苏,细胞生长良好,杂交瘤细胞分泌的抗体效价稳定。     

鸭疫里氏杆菌CH-1株B739_RS03695基因的功能鉴定

【背景】鸭疫里默氏杆菌是一种可引起鸭传染性浆膜炎的革兰氏阴性病原菌。对于该菌的铁离子转运系统已有大量研究，但有关该菌铁硫簇装配基因的功能知之甚少。【目的】序列分析表明，鸭疫里默氏杆菌CH-1株B739＿RS03695编码铁硫结合蛋白，但其具体功能未知。本研究旨在鉴定鸭疫里默氏杆菌CH-1株B739＿RS03695基因在抗氧化应激及耐药中的功能。【方法】构建B739＿RS03695缺失株，通过测定生长曲线、氧化应激存活率探究其在抗氧化应激中的功能；通过最小抑菌浓度、杀菌试验探究其在耐药中的功能。【结果】与亲本株相比，RA CH-1ΔB739＿RS03695在GCB培养基中生长不受影响，但在铁限制性培养基中的生长受到明显抑制；与亲本株相比，RA CH-1ΔB739＿RS03695对H₂O₂的敏感性增加；与亲本株相比，RA CH-1ΔB739＿RS03695对庆大霉素的抵抗力显著增加；荧光定量PCR结果表明，与对照组相比，B739＿RS03695基因的转录水平在铁限制性条件和存在过氧化氢条件下显著上调。【结论】B739＿RS03695基因缺失后会损...     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Enterovirus 71 3C proteolytically processes the histone H3 N-terminal tail during infection

Highlights
1. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 is specifically cleaved during EV71 infection.
2. Viral protease 3C is identified as a protease responsible for proteolytically processing the N-terminal H3 tail.
3. Our finding reveals a new epigenetic regulatory mechanism for Enterovirus 71 in virus-host interactions.     

Detection of EBV and HHV6 in the Brain Tissue of Patients with Rasmussen’s Encephalitis

Rasmussen’s encephalitis (RE) is a rare pediatric neurological disorder, and the exact etiology is not clear. Viral infection may be involved in the pathogenesis of RE, but conflicting results have reported. In this study, we evaluated the expression of both Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human herpes virus (HHV) 6 antigens in brain sections from 30 patients with RE and 16 control individuals by immunohistochemistry. In the RE group, EBV and HHV6 antigens were detected in 56.7% (17/30) and 50% (15/30) of individuals, respectively. In contrast, no detectable EBV and HHV6 antigen expression was found in brain tissues of the control group. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in 20.0% (6/30) of individuals. In particular, a 4-year-old boy had a typical clinical course, including a medical history of viral encephalitis, intractable epilepsy, and hemispheric atrophy. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in neurons and astrocytes in the brain tissue, accompanied by a high frequency of CD8⁺ T cells. Our results suggest that EBV and HHV6 infection and the activation of CD8⁺ T cells are involved in the pathogenesis of RE.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.