国产毛茛属植物五种一变种的核型

对国产6种毛茛属(Ranunculus)植物进行了核型研究。它们的核型公式分别为:扇叶毛茛2n=4x=32=12m 20sm,云生毛茛2n=4x=32=16m 10sm 6st,曲升毛茛2n=4x=32=14m 16sm 2st及2n=5x=40=18m 16sm 4st 2T,西南毛茛2n=2x=16=12m 2sm 2st,匍枝毛茛2n=2x=16=8m 8st及2n=4x=32=12m 4sm 14st 2t,棱喙毛茛2n=2x=16=6m 6sm 4st。并结合形态及孢粉的资料就毛茛属植物核型不对称系数对分类的意义进行分析。     

中国大戟属13种15个居群的核型报道

对国产大戟科Euphorbiaceae大戟属Euphorbia的13种15个地方居群的核型进行研究, 以期为解决该属的种间亲缘关系和物种进化机制提供依据。结果如下: 地锦E. humifusa (望江居群), 2n=2x=22=20m (2SAT)+2sm; 地锦E. humifusa (红旗村居群), 2n=2x=22=18m+4sm; 千根草E. thymifolia, 2n=4x=40=40m; 斑地锦E. maculata, 2n=4x=40=36m+4sm; 银边翠E. marginata, 2n=8x=56=40m+ 8sm+8st; 铁海棠E. milii, 2n=4x=40=32m+8sm; 金刚纂E. neriifolia, 2n=6x=60=6m+36sm+12st+6t; 火殃勒E. antiquorum, 2n=6x=60=24m+24sm+12st; 一品红E. pulcherrima, 2n=4x=28=24m(3SAT)+4sm; 猩猩草E. cyathophora, 2n=4x=28=16m+12sm; 齿裂大戟E. dentata, 2n=4x=28=28m; 续随子E. lathyris, 2n=2x=20=12m+8sm; 泽漆E. helioscopia, 2n=6x=42=36m+6sm; 乳浆大戟E. esula (陈家沟居群), 2n=2x=20=14m+6sm; 乳浆大戟E. esula (樱桃沟居群), 2n=4x=40=32m+8sm。千根草和斑地锦两个种的核型以及乳浆大戟的四倍体居群核型均为首次报道。     

国产五种菊属植物的核型研究

本文对国产5种菊属植物的核型进行了研究,结果为:D. indicum 2n=2x=18=16m 2st,2n=4x=36=28m 6sm 2st;D. lavandulifolium 2n=2x=18=14m 4sm,2n=4x=36=28m 6sm 2st;D. lavandulifolium var.seticuspe 2n=2x=18=12m 6sm;D. chanetii 2n=4x=36=20m 14sm 2st,2n=6x=54=38m 14sm 2st;D. potentilloides2n=2x=18=14m 2sm 2st;D. vestitum 2n=6x=54=38m 16sm.核型分析的结果表明,本文所研究类群中出现的多倍体多为异源多倍体;根据对核型资料、形态特征及地理分布特点的综合分析,作者认为多倍化是菊属野生种进行的主要途径。     

仲彬草属八个物种的核型

报道了仲彬草属(Kengyilia Yen et J.L.Yang)8个物种的核型,其中4个种的核型为首次报道。核型公式是：阿勒泰仲彬草Kalatavica,2n=6x=42=36m+6sm;长颖仲彬草Klongiglumis,2n=6x=42=36m+6sm;大颖仲彬草Kgrandiglumis,2n=6x=42=36m+6sm;窄颖仲彬草Kstenachyra,2n=6x=42=36m+6sm;喀什仲彬草Kkasgarica,2n=6x=42=32m+10sm;梭罗仲彬草Kthoroldiana,2n=6x=42=36m+6sm;黑药仲彬草Kmelanthera,2n=6x=42=36m+6sm;矮生仲彬草Knana,2n=6x=42=34m+8sm。它们的核型属于1B或2B型,染色体中均未发现随体。     

仲彬草属八个物种的核型

报道了仲彬草属 (KengyiliaYenetJ .L .Yang) 8个物种的核型 ,其中 4个种的核型为首次报道。核型公式是 :阿勒泰仲彬草K alatavica ,2n =6x =4 2 =36m 6sm ;长颖仲彬草K longiglumis,2n =6x =4 2 =36m 6sm ;大颖仲彬草K grandiglumis,2n =6x =4 2 =36m 6sm ;窄颖仲彬草K stenachyra ,2n =6x =4 2 =36m 6sm ;喀什仲彬草K kasgarica ,2n =6x =4 2 =32m 10sm ;梭罗仲彬草K thoroldiana ,2n =6x =4 2 =36m 6sm ;黑药仲彬草K melanthera ,2n =6x =4 2 =36m 6sm ;矮生仲彬草K nana ,2n =6x =4 2 =34m 8sm。它们的核型属于 1B或 2B型 ,染色体中均未发现随体     

神农架川金丝猴冬春季节取食影响因素

以样方调查法和粪便显微组织学分析法确定了冬春季神农架地区川金丝猴的食物组成,分析了主要食源植物的营养成分,探讨了影响川金丝猴冬春季节取食的主要因素.结果表明:在冬季,川金丝猴食物组成与食源植物的粗灰分含量( r=0.709,P=0.015)呈正相关,而与食源植物的相对丰富度(r=0.543,P=0.084)、粗蛋白含量(r=0.036,P=0.916)、粗纤维含量(r=0.458,P=0.156)、粗脂肪含量(r=0.445,P=0.170)、含水量(r=-0.099,P=0.771)和无氮浸出物含量(r=-0.522,P=0.100)均不相关;在春季,与食源植物的相对丰富度(r=0.721,P=0.000)呈正相关,与含水量(r=0.114,P=0.507)、粗脂肪含量(r=0.151,P=0.380)、无氮浸出物含量(r=0.084,P=0.625)、粗蛋白含量(r=-0.275,P=0.105)、粗纤维含量(r=-0.010,P=0.956)和粗灰分含量(r=-0.178,P=0.299)不相关.主成分分析表明,食源植物的粗纤维(0.992)、粗脂肪(0.944)、粗蛋白(0.905)和食物丰富度(0.885)为川金丝猴冬季取食的主要影响因子,粗蛋白(0.946)、无氮浸出物(0.939)、含水量(0.920)和食物丰富度(0.898)为川金丝猴春季取食的主要影响因子.     

高体鰟鮍在加入个体数不同的群体时的选择

集群给动物带来安全、接触配偶机会等利益的同时,也存在增加竞争的风险。不同的物种以及生活史不同的阶段,动物会采取不同的集群策略。本研究设计实验,检验在繁殖期个体大小不同的高体鰟鮍对由同性个体组成的个体数不同的群体的偏好。结果显示,大个体雄性显著偏好于大的群体(第一次选择:V=72,n=12,P=0.0054;第二次选择:V=65,n=12,P=0.022),大个体雌性对不同大小的群体则无显著偏好(第一次选择:V=54,n=12,P=0.13;第二次选择:V=41.5,n=12,P=0.44);小个体雄性(第一次选择:V=59,n=12,P=0.0012;第二次选择:V=78,n=12,P=0.0013)与小个体雌性(第一次选择:V=75,n=12,P=0.0026;第二次选择:V=70,n=12,P=0.0083)均显著偏好于大的群体。这说明在选择加入某一群体时,大型和小型的雄性个体均主要考虑安全因素;而小型的雌性个体主要考虑安全因素,大型的雌性个体则同时考虑安全因素和繁殖竞争。     

鹅观草属5种植物的核型研究

本文首次对我国5种鹅观草属Roegneria植物的核型进行了分析。5个种的染色体数目均为2n=4x=28。它们的核型是:高株鹅观草 R.altissima,2n=4x=28=26m+2sm(SAT);假花鳞草 R.anthosachnoides,2n=4x=28=22m+4sm+2sm(SAT);长芒鹅观草 R.dolichathera,2 n=4x=28=20m+6sm+2sm(SAT);林地鹅观草 R.sylva-tica,2n=4x=28=22m+4sm+2sm(SAT);多变鹅观草R.varia,2n=4x=28=20m+6sm+2sm(SAT)。它们的核型均属2A型,每种植物均有一对随体染色体。     

慢传输型便秘患者肠道粪便菌群的变化特征

目的通过16S rDNA高通量测序技术,研究慢传输型便秘(slow transit constipation,STC)患者粪便菌群的变化特征。方法选取12例慢传输型便秘患者(STC组)及12例健康志愿者(对照组),留取粪便标本后,应用16S rDNA高通量测序技术对标本进行测序,并分析测序结果。结果 STC组与对照组人群肠道在菌群物种种类(Chao1指数和Sobs指数)上差异存在统计学意义(Z=-2.771,P=0.006;Z=-2.425,P=0.015),对照组人群肠道菌群物种种类明显高于STC组;两组在物种均一性(Shannon指数、Simpson指数)上差异无统计学意义(Z=-0.520,P=0.603;Z=-0.348,P=0.728)。在门水平,两组人群粪便菌群多样性差异无统计学意义。在属水平,Phascolarctobacterium(Z=-2.194,P=0.028)、Streptococcus(Z=-4.157,P0.001)、Eggerthella(Z=-2.427,P=0.015)和Actinomyces(Z=-2.310,P=0.021)在STC组人群肠道中相对丰度增加,而Faecalibacterium(Z=-2.887,P=0.004)、Roseburia(Z=-3.118,P=0.002)、Sphingomonas(Z=-4.157,P0.001)、Variovorax(Z=-2.732,P=0.006)、Holdemania(Z=-1.970,P=0.049)、Phyllobacterium(Z=-2.732,P=0.006)、Pseudomonas(Z=-2.439,P=0.015)、Acinetobacter(Z=-2.732,P=0.006)、Aquabacterium(Z=-2.134,P=0.033)和Novosphingobium(Z=-2.134,P=0.033)在STC组中相对丰度减少。结论 STC组与对照组人群肠道在菌群物种种类丰富度上差异存在统计学意义,而在菌群分布均一性上差异无统计学意义;在菌属水平,两组人群的粪便菌群构成也存在较大差异。     

山东米口袋属植物的核型分析

对山东米口袋属 ( Gueldenstaedtia Fisch.)植物进行了核型分析。米口袋 ( G.multiflora Bge.)核型公式 K( 2 n) =2 x=14 =14 m ,相对长度组成 2 n=14 =6 M2 +8M1,“1A”类型 ;狭叶米口袋 ( G.stenophylla Bge.)核型公式 K( 2 n) =2 x=14 =14 m,相对长度组成 2 n=14 =8M2 +6 M1,“1A”类型 ;光滑米口袋 ( G.maritimaMaxim.)核型公式 K( 2 n) =2 x=14 =12 m+2 sm,相对长度组成 2 n=14 =4 M2 +10 M1,“1A”类型。     

中国西部高山8种龙胆属植物的染色体数目

本文报道了我国西部高山上的８种龙胆属植物的染色体数目。其中宽筒龙胆的染色体数目为２ｎ＝４８,提钟龙胆的染色体数目为２ｎ＝２６,小齿龙胆和四数龙胆的染色体数目为２ｎ＝２４,南山龙胆的染色体数目为２ｎ＝１８,上述５种植物的染色体数目为首次报道,其余蓝玉簪龙胆的染色体数目为２ｎ＝２４,线叶龙胆的染色体数目为２ｎ＝４８,钻叶龙胆的染色体数目为２ｎ＝１８。     

山东10种植物的核型分析

对山东１０ 种植物进行了核型分析。茴茴蒜（ Ｒａｎｕｎｃｕｌｕｓｃｈｉｎｅｎｓｉｓ Ｂｇｅ－） 染色体数目２ｎ ＝１６ , 核型公式Ｋ（２ｎ） ＝ ２ｘ ＝ １６ ＝ ２ Ｍ ＋ ２ｍ ＋ ２ｓｍ ＋ １０ｓｔ, “３Ａ”类型; 五脉地椒（ Ｔｈｙｍｕｓｑｕｉｎｑｕｅｃｏｓｔａｔｕｓ Ｃｅｌａｋ－） 染色体数目２ｎ＝ ２６ , 核型公式Ｋ （２ｎ） ＝ ２ｘ＝ ２６ ＝ ８ Ｍ ＋ １８ｍ , “１Ａ”类型; 蛇床（ Ｃｎｉｄｉｕｍ ｍｏｎｎｉｅｒｉ（Ｌ－） Ｃｕｓｓ－） 染色体数目２ｎ＝ ２０ , 核型公式Ｋ （２ｎ） ＝ ２ｘ＝ ２０ ＝ ２Ｍ＋ １６ｍ ＋ ２ｓｍ , “２Ｂ”类型; 波斯菊（ Ｃｏｓｍｏｓ ｂｉｐｉｎｎａｔｕｓ Ｃａｖ－） 染色体数目２ｎ ＝ ２４ , 核型公式Ｋ（２ｎ） ＝ ２ｘ ＝ ２４ ＝ １６ｍ ＋ ２ｍ （ｓａｔ） ＋ ６ｓｍ , “２Ａ”类型; 白车轴草（ Ｔｒｉｆｏｌｉｕｍ ｒｅｐｅｎｓ Ｌ－） 染色体数目２ｎ＝ ３２ , 核型公式Ｋ （２ｎ） ＝ ４ｘ ＝ ３２ ＝ ３２ｍ , “１Ａ”类型; 铁苋菜（ Ａｃａｌｙｐｈａ ａｕｓｔｒａｌｉｓ Ｌ－）染色体数目２ｎ ＝ ３２ , 核型公式Ｋ （２ｎ） ＝ ２ｘ＝ ３２ ＝ ３２ｍ , “１Ｂ”类型; 地构叶（ Ｓｐｅｒａｎｓｋｉａ ｔ?     

七种药用植物的染色体研究

对山东７种药用植物的染色体进行了研究。结果表明：田旋花（ＣｏｎｖｏｌｖｕｌｕｓａｒｖｅｎｓｉｓＬ）的染色体数目为２ｎ＝７８;蜜柑草（ＰｈｙｌａｎｔｈｕｓｍａｔｓｕｍｕｒａｅＨａｖａｔａ）的染色体数目为ｎ＝８８;挂红灯（ＰｈｙｓａｌｉｓａｌｋｅｋｅｎｇｉＬｖａｒｆｒａｎｃｈｅｔｉ（Ｍａｓｔ）Ｍａｋｉｎｏ）的染色体数目为２ｎ＝２４,核型公式为Ｋ（２ｎ）＝２４＝２ｍ＋１８ｓｍ＋２ｓｔ＋２ｓｔ（ｓａｔ）,核型“２Ａ”型;无剌曼陀罗（ＤａｔｕｒａｓｔｒａｍｏｎｉｕｍＬｖａｒｉｎｅｒｍｉｓ（Ｊａｃｑ）ＳｃｈｉｎｚｅｔＴｈｅｌ）的染色体数目为２ｎ＝２４,核型公式为Ｋ（２ｎ）＝２４＝２０ｍ＋４ｓｍ,核型“１Ｂ”型;决明（ＣａｓｉａｔｏｒａＬ）的染色体数目为２ｎ＝２６,核型公式为Ｋ（２ｎ）＝２６＝２４ｍ＋２ｓｍ,核型“１Ａ”型;荔枝草（ＳａｌｖｉａｐｌｅｂｅｉａＲＢｒ）的染色体数目为２ｎ＝１６,核型公式为Ｋ（２ｎ）＝１６＝６ｍ＋１０ｓｍ,核型“２Ａ”型;车前（ＰｌａｎｔａｇｏａｓｉａｔｉｃａＬ）的染色体数目为２ｎ＝３６,核型公式为Ｋ（２ｎ）＝３６＝３２ｍ＋４ｓｍ,核型“１Ａ”型。     

中国瓦韦属三种植物的细胞分类学研究

首次报道中国分布的3种瓦韦属植物的染色体数目,分别为线叶瓦韦,2n=42;丽江瓦韦,2n=144;西藏瓦韦,2n=50。其中,线叶瓦韦n=21是水龙骨科一个新的染色体基数。结合已有资料对染色体数目在瓦韦属中的重要分类学价值进行了讨论。     

活血莲的核型分析

对活血莲的染色体数目及核型进行了研究,结果表明,活血莲的染色体数目为２ｎ＝６０,其核型公式为２ｎ＝２ｘ＝６０＝４６ｓｍ＋１２ｓｔ＋２ｍ。没有观察到带随体的染色体。     

活血莲的核型分析

对活血莲的染色体数目及核型进行了研究,结果表明;活血莲的染色体数目为2n=60,其核型公式为2n=2x=60=46sm+12st+2m,没有观察到带随体的染色体。     

Cytological and breeding behavior of pentaploids derived from 3x × 4x crosses in potato

Cytology and breeding behavior of Solanum commersonii - S. tuberosum hybrids derived from 3 x x 4 x crosses was examined. The chromosome number of hybrids ranged from hypo-pentaploid (2 n=5 x - 8=52), to hyper-pentaploid (2 n=5 x + 7=67), with the euploid pentaploid 2 n=5 x=60 class predominant. The high variability in chromosome number of the 3 x x 4 x hybrids was attributed to the fact that meiotic restitution during megasporogenesis of the 3 x female may have involved poles with various chromosome numbers, resulting in 2 n eggs with 24-48 chromosomes. Microsporogenesis analyses provided evidence that chromosome pairing between S. commersonii and S. tuberosum genomes occurred. In addition, chromosome distribution at anaphase I and anaphase II revealed an average chromosome number of 29.5 and 29.1 per pole, respectively. To further study the extent of transmission of extra genome chromosomes from pentaploids, 5 x x 4 x and 4 x x 5 x crosses were performed, and the chromosome number of resulting progeny was determined. Ploidy ranged from 2 n=4 x=48 to 2 n=5 x=60 following 5 x x 4 x crosses, and from 2 n=4 x + 1=49 to 2 n=5 x=60 following 4 x x 5 x crosses. These results provided indirect evidence that the pentaploid hybrids produced viable aneuploid gametes with a chromosome number ranging from 24 to 36. They also demonstrated that gametes with large numbers of extra chromosomes can be functional, resulting in sporophytes between the 4 x and 5 x ploidy level. Fertility parameters of crosses involving various (aneuploid) pentaploid genotypes were not influenced by chromosome number, suggesting a buffering effect of polyploidy on aneuploidy. The possibility of successfully using (aneuploid) pentaploid genotypes for further breeding efforts is discussed.     

杂交鳢(斑鳢 ♀ ×乌鳢 ♂ )及其自交后代细胞核型初步分析

对杂交鳢(斑鳢♀×乌鳢♂)(Channa maculata ♀×C.argus ♂)及其自交后代的细胞核型进行了初步分析.结果表明,杂交鳢染色体数目为2n=45,核型公式为3m+4sm+6st+32t,染色体臂数(NF)为52;杂交鳢自繁后代群体存在两种染色体核型,一是染色体数目为45,核型公式为3m+4sm+6st+...     

Chromosome banding in three species of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Hypsiboas</Emphasis> (Hylidae,Hylinae), with special reference to a new case of B-chromosome in anuran frogs and to the reduction of the diploid number of 2n = 24 to 2n = 22 in the genus

The chromosomes of hylids Hypsiboas albopunctatus, H. raniceps, and H. crepitans from Brazil were analyzed with standard and differential staining techniques. The former species presented 2n = 22 and 2n = 23 karyotypes, the odd diploid number is due to the presence of an extra element interpreted as B chromosome. Although morphologically very similar to the small-sized chromosomes of the A complement, the B was promptly recognized, even under standard staining, on the basis of some characteristics that are usually attributed to this particular class of chromosomes. The two other species have 2n = 24, which is the chromosome number usually found in the species of Hypsiboas karyotyped so far. This means that 2n = 22 is a deviant diploid number, resulted from a structural rearrangement, altering the chromosome number of 2n = 24 to 2n = 22. Based on new chromosome data, some possibilities were evaluated for the origin of B chromosome in Hypsiboas albopunctatus, as well as the karyotypic evolution in the genus, leading to the reduction in the diploid number of 2n = 24 to 2n = 22.     

Chromosome numbers of some species of Salvia (Lamiaceae) from the Sichuan Province, China

The present study reports the chromosome number of 12 accessions belonging to 10 species of Salvia from the Sichuan Province in China. Most accessions have the chromosome number 2n=2x=16. However, three species ( S. evansiana, S. przewalskii and S. brevilabra ) are tetraploid with a chromosome number of 2n=4x=32. A B-chromosome was observed in S. tricuspis . The basic chromosome number x=8 was inferred for all accessions studied. The chromosome number of all the species was determined for the first time, except for S. evansiana, S. przewalskii , S. flava and S. miltiorrhiza . The chromosomes in this genus are mostly small (0.46–2.94 μm). The small size of the chromosomes, together with their unclear centromeres, has hampered a detailed karyotype analysis.