海南省典型水库浮游植物功能类群的结构特征与水质评价

为了解海南省主要供水水库浮游植物群落结构特征,于2006年12月、2007年5月、2011年8月和12月对海南省五座典型水库进行浮游植物采样调查。共检测出浮游植物158种,以绿藻、蓝藻和硅藻为主;共鉴定出26个不同的功能类群,其中优势功能类群有7个,分别是以硅藻为代表种的C和P;以蓝藻为主要代表种的S₁和K;以绿藻为主要代表种的J和F;以及以甲藻为主要代表种类的Lo。适应混合水体环境的功能类群有P、S₁和F,适应较高营养水平水体环境的功能类群有K、J和C,以及大中型水体中广泛分布的功能类群Lo。浮游植物功能类群结构组成具有明显的季节性,在枯水期浮游植物主要以C、P和S1功能类群为优势。浮游植物功能类群Q指数指出赤田水库和松涛水库丰水期为贫营养状态,枯水期为中营养状态;石碌水库全年均处于中营养状态;永庄水库和万宁水库是丰水期为富营养状态,枯水期为中营养状态。     

于桥水库浮游植物群落结构与营养特征

为研究于桥水库浮游植物群落结构与环境因子的关系 , 揭示水体营养特征, 于 2013 年丰水期、枯水期、平水期进行了调查, 分析了其与环境因子的相关性。结果表明 : 共获得浮游植物 94 种 , 平均丰度为 191.78×104 ind⋅L–1。全年水库从金藻-硅藻型过渡到蓝藻-绿藻型, 密集锥囊藻、梅尼小环藻、水华微囊藻相继在丰度上占优势。枯水期水质为中营养, 丰水期、平水期为富营养。浮游植物丰度与 pH 有极显著正相关, 与总氮、硝酸盐、氮磷比有极显著负相关。对浮游植物影响最大的环境因子是氨氮、亚硝酸盐和水温。     

贵州高原三板溪水库浮游植物群落动态与环境因子的关系

为探究贵州高原氮限制型大型深水水库浮游植物群落结构与环境因子的关系,分别于2012年11月(枯水期)、2013年4月(平水期)、8月(丰水期)对三板溪水库上、中、下游浮游植物和环境因子进行采样调查,共检出浮游植物6门87属,主要由绿藻、硅藻和蓝藻构成。浮游植物丰度在枯水期、平水期、丰水期分别为0.064×104~1.17×104、8.21×104~422.47×104和9.08×104~2903.33×104cells·L-1,其中枯水期和丰水期时加池丰度最高,南加丰度最低,平水期则为大坝最高、南加最低。枯水期、平水期、丰水期分别以颗粒直链藻(Melosira granulata)、钝脆杆藻(Fragilaria capucina)和具缘微囊藻(Microcystis marginata)为优势种。浮游植物集中分布于水体表层0~10 m的范围内,并随水深的增加丰度逐渐降低;三板溪水库总磷平均浓度为0.403 mg·L-1,枯水期为0.281~1.139 mg·L-1、平水期为0.394~0.639 mg·L-1、丰水期为0.054~0.736 mg·L-1,总氮平均浓度为1.38mg·L-1。氮磷比(3.7∶1)低于浮游植物生长的最佳氮磷比7∶1,表现出三板溪水库的氮限制型,与大多数淡水水体氮磷营养结构不一致。RDA分析与Pearson相关分析结果表明,水温为影响三板溪水库浮游植物群落动态的关键环境因子、氮磷比为重要的环境因子,氮磷营养盐主要通过促进硅藻及抑制蓝藻来影响浮游植物群落动态。     

贵州高原猫跳河流域浮游植物功能群组成特征及其与环境因子之间的关系

猫跳河是典型喀斯特河流,其下游水库为贵阳市重要饮用水源。为探究猫跳河流域浮游植物功能群组成的动态变化特征及其与环境因子的相关性,基于冗余分析、相关性分析方法,于2020年6月、8月和11月对浮游植物与理化指标进行采样分析。结果表明：猫跳河流域调查期间共检出浮游植物7门67种(属),其中绿藻门种类最多;浮游植物群落结构呈时空异构,各采样断面浮游植物细胞丰度变化范围为0.11×10⁶～17.71×10⁶ cells·L^-1,生物量变化范围为29.85～1256.16μg·L^-1;猫跳河流域浮游植物可划分为24个功能群,其中B、MP、S1、Y和D为猫跳河流域主要优势功能群,功能群D的生物量在8月达到峰值1256.85μg·L^-1,主要优势功能群适应生境均为浑浊的中富营养水体;浮游植物功能群呈现显著时间演替特征。冗余分析结果显示：水温、pH和电导率是影响猫跳河流域浮游植物功能类群动态分布的主要环境因素。     

福建九龙江北溪浮游植物群落分布特征及其影响因子

分别于2011年枯水期(2月)、丰水期(5月)和平水期(10月),系统调查研究了福建九龙江北溪浮游植物群落组成、丰度的分布特征及其与环境因子的关系.共鉴定浮游植物107种,隶属于7门64属.不同水文期浮游植物主要优势种类不同,枯水期为马索隐藻和梅尼小环藻,丰水期为四尾栅藻和四角十字藻,平水期则演替为微小平裂藻.不同水文期浮游植物丰度变化明显,其平均值依次为枯水期(154.77×10⁴ cells·L^-1)>平水期(76.40×10⁴ cells·L^-1)>丰水期(45.40×10⁴ cells·L^-1).相关分析表明, 枯水期和平水期浮游植物丰度与铵态氮(NH₄⁺-N)呈显著正相关,丰水期浮游植物丰度与温度呈极显著正相关.典范对应分析(CCA)表明,水体温度是影响该水域浮游植物分布格局的重要因子,溶解态活性磷浓度也对浮游植物的分布有较大的影响.CCA排序图较好显示了浮游植物物种分布和环境因子之间的关系.     

广东省韶关市3座大中型饮用水水库浮游植物功能类群特征

于2011年1-12月调查分析了韶关市南水水库、瀑布水库和花山水库3座大中型饮用水库的富营养化状况、浮游植物功能类群和优势功能类群的演替特点。结果表明: 南水水库为贫营养型水库, 全年以适应低营养盐环境的Lo和A等功能类群占优势, 枯丰两期浮游植物功能类群变化不明显, 全年低浓度的氮、磷营养盐是水库浮游植物功能类群的重要影响因子; 瀑布水库和花山水库为中营养型水库, 虽然枯、丰两期Lo和A等功能类群占优势, 但在丰水期, 适应富营养环境的X1、MP和J等功能类群也占优势, 浮游植物功能类群动态变化相对明显, 枯、丰两期氮磷营养盐浓度差异、水体稳定性和透明度变化是其动态变化的重要影响因子。     

乌伦古河流域克孜赛水库浮游植物群落组成

克孜赛水库是乌伦古河源头的一个小型水库,2008年7月(夏季平水期)、2008年10月(秋季枯水期)和2009年5月(春季丰水期)对水库内浮游植物群落进行了调查分析,共鉴定出浮游植物102种(属),隶属于8个门,以硅藻门和绿藻门为主。3个时期浮游植物密度变化趋势为:枯水期(25.221±3.605×106ind/L)>平水期(12.539±1.064×106ind/L)>丰水期(1.052±0.077×106ind/L)。各季节优势种的组成因气候温度差异而变化,其中以夏季平水期最多,达9种。克孜赛水库温度和水量的变化共同导致了水库浮游植物种类组成、密度、优势种和生物多样性指数的季节变化。Shannon-Weaver多样性指数(H)和Pielou均匀度指数(J)变化趋势较一致:平水期>枯水期>丰水期,而Margalef丰富度指数(D)则于丰水期达最大值。     

新疆塘巴湖水库底栖动物生态学研究

2008年7月(平水期)、10月(枯水期)和2009年5月(丰水期)对新疆塘巴湖水库底栖动物群落进行了调查.共采集到底栖动物7种,主要属于摇蚊类和颤蚓类,其中以羽摇蚊群为优势种.各期底栖动物现存量存在显著差异(P<0.01),以平水期为最大,密度和生物量分别为280 ind/m2±1.12 ind/m2和0.83 g/m2±0.03 g/m2.不同种类的底栖动物密度在各采样期亦差异显著(P<0.01).相似性指数显示平水期和枯水期底栖动物群落结构中等相似.Shannon-Wiener生物多样性指数表明塘巴湖水库水体达中度污染.     

亚热带水库浮游植物群落的季节变化及其与环境的关系:两种功能群分类法的比较

浮游植物是水库生态系统最重要的生物组成,因其对水体环境的变化敏感而常被用于指示水体生态系统状态.为了解功能群(FG)和形态功能群(MBFG)两种浮游植物功能群分类方法在指示水库环境变化中的适用性和差异性,本研究以青狮潭水库为例,于2016年3月—2017年2月对该水库浮游植物和环境因子进行逐月采样调查.应用两种浮游植物功能群分类方法分析了青狮潭水库浮游植物群落结构、季节演替及其影响因子,并比较了两种功能群分类方法在指示水库环境状态中的应用及差异.结果表明:青狮潭水库共检出浮游植物7门109种,可划分为17个FG功能群和5个MBFG功能群.两种功能群分类法的结果都表明青狮潭水库为中-富营养水体;在一年周期的浮游植物群落季节演替中,FG优势功能类群指示大坝和库中群落分别经过8、9个演替阶段,而MBFG优势功能类群指示大坝和库中群落均经过8个演替阶段.冗余分析表明,在相同环境梯度上,FG功能类群的响应比MBFG功能类群更灵敏,尤其是对pH值和硝态氮浓度的响应.在探究亚热带水库浮游植物群落演替过程及其与环境的关系上,采用FG功能群分类方法更为合适.     

粤东三个中型水库富营养化特征分析

于2000年的丰水期和枯水期,对粤东三个中型水库:合水水库、河溪水库、沙田水库进行了富营养化特征进行了调查与分析。结果表明:三个水库多数采样点处于中营养阶段;总氮在0.16～1.58mg·L~(-1)范围内,总磷为0.034～0.15mg·L~(-1)叶绿素则为0.732～6.57mg·m~(-3);浮游植物大部分是中污性至寡污性的种类,以蓝藻、绿藻种类占优势,常见种是微囊藻(Microcystis sp.)、颗粒直链藻(Melosira granulata)、梅尼小环藻(Cyclotella meneghiniana)。合水水库和河溪水库的富营养化水平较高,TSI指数在40左右,丰水期的富营养化水平高于枯水期;而沙田水库的富营养化水平相对要低,TSI指数在30左右,丰水期的富营养化水平要低千枯水期。说明这三个水库受流域的影响程度不同。     

白蚁与动物及微生物的共生类型及其机制

综述了白蚁螱客的主要种类、共生关系及相关机制的研究进展。白蚁螱客中,已报道的动物种类达170种。在与动物的共生关系中存在偏利共生（宾主共栖和异种共栖）、互利共生和无关共生三种;在与微生物的共生关系中,存在与内生菌（原生动物、细菌、真菌和放线菌）和外生菌（蚁巢伞菌等）间的互利关系。指出了白蚁与螱客研究中存在的问题,给出了解决方案,并提出了今后可能的研究热点或方向,为白蚁的综合利用（如纤维素酶）及今后研究物种间的协同进化提供了基础资料。     

New amino-dithiaphospholanes and phosphoramidodithioites and their rhodium and iridium complexes

New sulfur derivatives of phosphoramidite ligands were synthesized and the impact of the sulfur unit on the spectroscopic properties of their rhodium and iridium complexes was investigated. The new ligands Bn₂NPSCH₂CH₂S^a(P-S^a) (Bn = benzyl, 4), Bn₂NPSCHCHS^a(CH₂)₃C^aH₂(P-S^a)(C^a-S^a) (6) and Bn₂NP(4-XC₆H₄OMe)₂ (X = S, 7a; X = O, 7b) were converted to the rhodium and iridium complexes trans-[Rh(CO)Cl(L)₂] (L = 4, 6, 7), [RhCl(COD)(L)] (L = 4, 6, 7), [IrCl(COD)(7a)] and [IrCl₂Cp∗(6)]. For comparison, some phosphoramidite complexes of these formulations also were synthesized. The new metal complexes were spectroscopically analyzed. For the carbonyl complexes, the ν_CO IR stretching frequencies were lower than for the corresponding phosphite and phosphoramidite ligands. The ¹J_PRh coupling constants for the rhodium complexes with the new ligands were also smaller than for the respective phosphoramidite and phosphite complexes. Finally, the ¹J_PSe coupling constants of the selenides of the new ligands were lower than those of the phosphoramidite ligands but higher than for PPh₃. The spectroscopic data reveal that the new thio ligands 4, 6 and 7a are more electron donating than phosphites and phosphoramidites but less electron donating than PPh₃.     

Astrocytes and Synaptosomes Transport and Metabolize Lactate and Acetate Differently

Astrocytes transport the monocarboxylate acetate, but synaptosomes do not. The reason for this is unknown, because both preparations express monocarboxylate transporters (MCT). The transport and metabolism of lactate, another monocarboxylate, was examined in these two preparations, and the results were compared to those for acetate. Lactate transport is more rapid in astrocytes than in synaptosomes, but of lower affinity (Kms of 17 and 4 mM, respectively). Lactate (0.2 mM) is metabolized to CO2 more rapidly in synaptosomes than in astrocytes (rates of 0.37 and 0.07 nmol x mg protein(-1) x min(-1), respectively). The reason for this is unclear, but cellular differences in lactate dehydrogenase isotype expression may be involved. Acetate is metabolized to CO2 more rapidly in astrocytes than in synaptosomes (rates of 0.43 and 0.02 nmol x mg protein(-1) x min(-1), respectively). This is likely due to cellular differences in the expression of monocarboxylate transporter subtypes.     

Rapporteur report: Basics and technology and metrology and standards

The first and second sessions of the Workshop focussed on the basics of ultrasound and infrasound, their applications in both industry and medicine, and metrology and protection standards for ultrasound applications.     

Relative and combined effects of ethanol and protein deficiency on strontium and barium bone content and fecal and urinary excretion

To elucidate accumulation of minerals in human iliac arteries with aging, the content of minerals was analyzed by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry. Bilateral common, internal, and external iliac arteries of 16 men and 8 women, ranging ages from 65 to 93 yr, were examined. It was found that an extremely high accumulation of calcium and phosphorus occurred in the common iliac artery at old age, being higher than that of the internal and external iliac arteries. It should be noted that the accumulation of calcium and phosphorus is the highest in the common iliac artery among the human arteries examined to date. Regarding sexual differences, the content of calcium and phosphorus in the common and internal iliac arteries was higher in women than in men, whereas their content in the external iliac artery was lower in women than in men.     

Cytoskeleton and mitochondrial morphology and function

It has been well established that the cytoskeleton is an essential modulator of cell morphology and motility, intracytoplasmic transport and mitosis, however cytoskeletal linkage to the organelles has not been unequivocally demonstrated. Indeed, cytoskeleton appears to be essential in determining and modulating gene phenotype as a function of cellular environment. According to recent studies, the organization of the cytoskeleton network together with associated protein(s) could be essential in regulating mitochondrial function and particularly the permeability of the mitochondrial outer membrane to ADP. The aim of this chapter is to summarize the main properties of the cytoskeletal environment of mitochondria and the possible role(s) of this network in mitochondrial function in myocytes.     

Cross-reactivity between storage and dust mites and between mites and shrimp

Many patients have sensitivities to multiple species of storage and house dust mites. It is not clear if this is because patients have multiple sensitivities to species-specific mite allergens or if these mites share many cross-reacting allergens. Our objective was to further define the cross-allergenicity between several species of storage and house dust mites using crossed-immunoelectrophoresis (CIE), crossed-radioimmunoelectrophoresis (CRIE), immunoblotting, and ELISA. CIE and CRIE reactions revealed that storage mites shared two cross-antigenic molecules and one of these bound IgE in a serum pool from mite allergic patients. Antibody in anti-sera built to each species of mite recognized many SDS–PAGE resolved proteins of other mite species and this suggested the potential for other cross-reactive allergens. Among patient sera, IgE bound to many different proteins but few had IgE that bound to a protein with common molecular weights across the mite species and this suggested mostly species-specific allergens. Antiserum built to each mite species precipitated one protein in shrimp extracts that bound anti-Der p 10 (tropomyosin) and IgE in the serum pool. Anti-Der p 10 showed strong binding to shrimp tropomyosin but very little to any of the mite proteins. ELISA showed the mite extracts contained very little tropomyosin. The storage and dust mites investigated contain mostly species-specific allergens and very small amounts of the pan-allergen tropomyosin compared to shrimp and snail.     

Chemokines and cytokines: axis and allies in asthma and allergy

Allergic asthma can be precipitated by many factors. For the atopic person, fungus, pollen, dust mites, cockroach antigens, and diesel exhaust are all agents that may trigger an allergic attack. Cytokines and chemokines are integral mediators of fungal asthma. From the earliest time points, they recruit and activate the cells required for the clearance of fungus as well as being critical factors involved in the immunopathology of this disease. In the final analysis, it is clear that these mediators can act to the benefit or the detriment of the host.     

人血管能抑素基因的克隆、表达及其表达产物的纯化和生物活性测定

以人胎盘脐带组织为材料,提取组织总RNA,用netRTPCR方法合成人血管能抑素cDNA基因,将该cDNA克隆进pSP72载体获得重组质粒pSP72C, DNA序列分析结果与预期序列一致。用BamHⅠ和NdeⅠ双酶切,切下pSP72C上的血管能抑素cDNA,插入pET3c载体的相应位点获得重组表达质粒pETC, 转化E. coli BL21(DE3), SDSPAGE分析显示：在IPTG诱导下,血管能抑素基因获得了高效表达,表达量约占菌体总蛋白的 27.9 %,主要以包涵体形式存在。包涵体经过洗涤、裂解、蛋白复性以及Sephadex G75凝胶过滤层析等步骤后,获得了纯度达91.4 %的人血管能抑素。CAM实验证明10 μg纯化蛋白就能显著抑制鸡胚新生血管生成。