新疆异痂蝗属一新种：直翅目：蝗总科：斑翅蝗科

本文描述采自新疆北部异痂蝗属ＢｒｙｏｄｅｍｌｌａＹｉｎ１新种一小异痂蝗Ｂｒｙｏｄｅｍｅｌｌａｅｌｅｇａｎｓ,以下核实 特征而显著区别于该属其他种：（１）雄性型很小,体长在２３ｍｍ以下;（２）前胸背板背面沿后缘具１褐黄色带。     

中国驼笨蝗属一新种（直翅目：癩蝗科：癩蝗亚科）

记述采自中国山东的驼笨蝗属Humphaplotropis Xiao,Yin et Yin 1新种:徂徕山驼笨蝗H.culaishanensis sp.nov.。该新种近似泰山驼笨蝗Humphaplotropis taishanensis Xiao,Yin et Yin,2013,雄性区别特征为颜面隆起两侧隆线明显,向下张开,不到达唇基;雄性前胸背板前缘中央呈尖角形突出,其顶端不到达复眼的后缘;前胸背板中隆线隆起较低,侧面观其高出头顶水平线的高度为全高的1/5;前翅较长,其顶端超过第1腹节的后缘。模式标本保存于山东农业大学植保学院。     

中国贵州舟形蝗属一新种(直翅目,蝗总科,斑腿蝗科,卵翅蝗亚科)

记述了采自贵州的舟形蝗属l新种,模式标本保存于河北大学博物馆.贵州舟形蝗,新种Lemba guizhouensis sp.nov.(图l～4)新种同叉尾舟形蝗Lemba bituberculata Yin et Liu,1987近似,区别特征为:前胸腹板突扁锥形,不向后弯曲;前胸背板沟前区长为沟后区长的1.7倍;前翅较短,仅达腹部第2节中部;肛上板长大于宽;下生殖板较短,其超出肛上板部分的长度短于肛上板;尾片褐色.新种也同云南舟形蝗Lemba yunnana Ma et Zheng,1994近似,区别特征为:前胸腹板突扁锥形,不向后弯曲;中胸腹板侧叶中隔长约为最狭处的3倍;尾须长度超过肛上板的后缘;肛上板顶端较尖;下生殖板顶端平.正模♂,贵州绥阳宽阔水(28° 17′N,107° ll′E;海拔800 m),2010-08-11,智永超采.词源:新种种名源自模式标本采集地地名.     

方板蝗属一新种：（蝗总科：斑腿蝗科）

本文记述方板蝗属Squaroplatacris 1新种,小方板蝗Squaroplatacris elegans,sp.nov.。该新种近似于紫胫方板蝗S.violatibialis Liang et Zheng,主要区别为:体型较小,眼间距宽度狭于颜面隆起宽,前胸背板前缘平直,前胸背板后横沟位于背板中部或中后部,中胸腹板侧叶间中隔长为宽的1.2—1.3倍。     

西藏地区拟康蝗属一新种(直翅目：网翅蝗科）

记述采自中国西藏网翅蝗科拟康蝗属Kangacrisoides Wang et al.,2006 1新种：江达拟康蝗Kangacrisoides jiangdaensis sp. nov.。新种同霍城拟康蝗K. huochengensis Wang, Zheng & Niu, 2006近似,其区别特征为：头背面具中隆线;雄性头侧窝长为宽的2.5–3倍,而雌性为3倍;雌性前翅在背面狭分开,而雄性刚刚相连;雄性前翅顶到达第5–6腹节背板,而雌性到达第4腹节背板;雄性中脉域为肘脉域宽2倍,而雌性为3倍;后足胫节内侧之上、下距近等长;鼓膜孔宽卵形;雌性下生殖板后缘角形突出。     

稻蝗属一新种及其染色体C带核型分析：直翅目：蝗总科

在陕西省安康地区采到稻蝗属一新种,端带稻蝗Ｏｘｙａａｐｉｃｏｃｉｎｇｕｌａｓｐ．ｎｖｏ．。该种近似于小稻蝗Ｏｘｙａｈｙｌａｉｎｔｒｉｃａｔａ（Ｓｔａｌ）,主要区别为：１）雄性中胸腹板侧叶间中隔极,长为宽的９倍;２）雄性尾须圆锥形,略斜截;３）雄性阳茎基背片外冠突中部膨大,顶端内弯,钩状;４）雌性瓣基骨片外缘具两对齿突;５）染色体Ｃ带核型居间带１－２,端带７－８对,异染色质总含量３０％以上。     

中国首次发现禅邦丽足蝗及其雄性新记述(直翅目:蝗总科)

首次报道禅邦丽足蝗Habrocnemis shanensis Uvarov,1942的雄性及其在中国的分布。该种雄性区别于属模式种中华丽足蝗H.sinensis Uvarov,1930的主要特征是:第10腹节背板阔,尾片近三角形,顶端钝;肛上板较短,顶端近直角形;尾须锥形,端部直。研究标本采自云南省澜沧县,保存于大理大学生物科学馆(BMDU)。     

江苏网翅蝗科—新属一新种（直翅目：蝗总科）

记述了采自江苏泗阳县网翅蝗科1新属－苏蝗属Suacris gen.nov.及1新种－Suacris siyan-gensis sp.nov.。该新属近似于牧草蝗属Omocestus I.Bol.，其主要区别特征为：前胸背板侧隆线微微弯曲，最宽处为最窄处的1.6-1.8倍；前翅肘脉域几乎等宽或略宽于中脉域；鼓膜器雄性宽卵形、雌性狭缝状。该新属也近似于拟草地蝗属Stenobothroides Xu et Zheng，其主要区别特征为：侧隆线明显且弯曲；雄性腹部末节无尾片；雄性下生殖板长锥形。新种模式标本保存于中国科学院西北高原生物研究所。1 苏蝗属，新属Suacris gen.nov.模式种：泗阳苏蝗Suacris siyangensis sp.nov.正模：1♂；副模：1♀，江苏泗阳，1957－Ⅸ－16，采集者未知。体小型。头大而短，较短于前胸背板。头侧窝明显，呈长方形。颜面向后倾斜。中单眼较小于侧单眼。触角丝状，基部触角节宽大于长，向端部触角节渐渐变狭。前胸背板中隆线明显，侧隆线在沟前区微微弯曲，其最宽处约为最窄处的1.6-1.8倍；前胸背板后级中央钝角形。前、后翅发达，超过后股节中部，前翅顶端圆形，无凹陷，前翅肘脉域几乎等宽或略宽于中脉域。中、后胸腹板侧叶全长均明显地分开。后足股节内侧具发音齿，可与前翅纵脉磨擦发音。后足胫节缺外端刺。鼓膜器：雄性宽卵形，雌性宽缝状。     

黄佛蝗属分类及一新种记述

本文记述了产于中国台湾的黄佛蝗属一新种台湾黄佛蝗Chlorophaleobida taiwanensis sp. n.。该新种同长翅黄佛蝗Ch. longusala Zheng, 1982 近似, 其区别特征为： 前胸背板后缘中央无小缺口;前翅较长,明显超出后足股节端部;雄性下生殖板较长,顶端尖。文中附该属已知种检索表。模式标本保存于中国台湾台中,国立自然科学博物馆。     

云南省卵翅蝗属一新种(直翅目,斑腿蝗科)

记述采自云南省普洱地区卵翅蝗属1新种,即圆板卵翅蝗Caryanda cyclata sp.nov.,新种近似于方板卵翅蝗Caryanda quadrata Bi et Xia,1984,主要区别为:1)雄性肛上板盾形,后缘圆弧形;2)雌性下生殖板后缘具3齿;3)雌性前翅超过第1腹节背板后缘;4)雄性尾片及肛上板两侧缘非黑色;5)雄性尾须黑色;6)前翅黑色;7)后足股节端半部橙红色;8)后足胫节青兰色.模式标本保存于陕西师范大学动物研究所昆虫标本室.     

268例难治性下呼吸道感染的细菌学分析

通过本组２６８ 例难治性呼吸道感染病人标本培养结果分析,阳性２４６ 例占９１．８ ％ ,有１５４ 例检出厌氧菌,占５７ ％ ,１０４ 例检出需氧菌,占３９ ％ ,混合感染１３３ 例,占５０ ％ 。试验结果证实,厌氧菌感染在难治性下呼吸道感染病例中占了很大比例,这一结果为难治性下呼吸道感染的治疗提供了有价值的参考数据。     

A Computer Model Allowing Maintenance of Large Amounts of Genetic Variability in Mendelian Populations. II. the Balance of Forces between Linkage and Random Assortment

It is shown, through theory and computer simulations of outbreeding Mendelian populations, that there may be conditions under which a balance is struck between two facotrs. The first is the advantage of random assortment, which will, when multilocus selection is for intermediate equilibrium values, lead to higher average heterozygosity than when linkage is introduced. There is some indication that random assortment is also advantageous when selection is toward a uniform distribution of equilibrium values. The second factor is the advantage of linkage between loci having positive epistatic interactions. When multilocus selection is for a bimodal distribution of equilibrium values an early advantage of random assortment is replaced by a later disadvantage. Linkage disequilibrium, which in finite populations is increased only by random or selective sampling, may hinder the movement of alleles to their selective equilibria, thus leading to the advantage of random assortment.-Some consequences of this approach to the structure of natural populations are discussed.     

临沂生生园复干银杏生长特性

产生复干是银杏个体发育过程中一个普遍现象。本研究以临沂生生园全国最大复干银杏群落为对象,采用每木检尺的方式对园内复干银杏进行调查。结果显示,生生园内银杏共385株,雌株379株,占98.41%;平均树高20.9m,总胸径0.93m,母干胸径0.33m,冠径在5.0-15.0m范围内,枝下高6.3m;17株无复干,复干率为98.58%,每株复干数平均为4.6个,最大复干高为12.5m,胸径0.18m,复干与母干距离为0.61m,复干与母干夹角为10.5?;34株无萌蘖,萌蘖平均株数为38株,萌蘖高1.11m,萌蘖与母干最大距离0.73m。该片银杏林原桩有240年历史,现存复干银杏系从原桩萌发形成,树龄53年。本文对生生园复干银杏的起源、性别比例、复干与银杏适应性的关系等进行了探讨。     

羚牛(Budorcas taxicolor)部分脏器特点的观察

本文对2只羚牛的雌性生殖器官及肝、肾、脾等脏器进行了形态描述,并与黄牛及羊的相应器官进行了比较,为探讨羚牛的分类地位提供了解剖学资料。     

药敏药片对临床235株细菌实验观察报告

药敏药片经临床对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠埃希氏菌、铜绿假单胞菌等２３５株考核．表明药片工艺研究先进,药片与培养基结合牢固,无断裂、崩解,不渗出颗粒,抑菌圈呈同心园扩散．边缘清楚。药物含量均匀,释放度好。药片抑菌差仅１～３ｍｍ;而纸片抑菌差为２～１２ｍｍ。药片变黑系数ＣＶ为２．７１～４．２１;而纸片ＣＶ为３．８２～１４．３６。表明纸片片间差大,药片精密度明显好于纸片。     

Use of binding site neighbor-effect parameters to evaluate the interactions between adjacent ligands on a linear lattice. Effects on ligand-lattice association.

A method using binding site "neighbor-effect" parameters (NEPs) is introduced to evaluate the effects of interaction between adjacent ligands on their binding to an infinite linear lattice. Binding site overlap is also taken into account. This enables the conditional probability approach of McGhee & von Hippel to be extended to more complex situations. The general equation for the isotherm is v/LF = SFKF, where v is the ratio of bound ligands to lattice residues, LF is the free ligand concentration, SF is the fraction of binding sites that are free, and KF is the average association constant of a free site. Solutions are derived for three cases: symmetric ligands, and asymmetric ligands on isotropic or anisotropic lattices. For symmetric ligands there is one NEP, E, which is the ratio of the average binding affinity of a free site if the status of the lattice residue neighboring one end of the site is unspecified (left to chance) to the affinity when this residue is free (holding the other neighbor constant). Thus KF is KE2, where K is the affinity of an isolated site. If a site is n residues long, SF is f ffn-1, where f = 1 - nv is the fraction of residues that are free and ff is the conditional probability that a free residue is bordered on a given side by another free residue. The expression for ff is 1/(1 + x/E), where x is v/f, E is (1 - x + [(1 - x)2 + 4x omega]1/2)/2, and omega is the co-operativity parameter. The binding of asymmetric ligands to an isotropic lattice is described by two NEPs; the last case involves four NEPs and a bound ligand orientation parameter. For each case, the expected length distribution of clusters of bound ligands can be calculated as a function of v. When Scatchard plots with the same intercepts and initial slope are compared, it is found that ligand asymmetry lowers the isotherm (relative to the corresponding symmetric ligand isotherm), whereas lattice anisotrophy raises it.     

短柄五加大,小孢子发生和雌,雄配子体发育的研究

短柄五加花药５枚,每个花药四个花粉囊。小孢子母细胞减数分裂时,胞质分裂为同时型,产生正四面体形的四分体。花药壁由表皮、药室内壁、中层和绒毡层四层细胞组成,其发育类型为双子叶型。腺质绒毡层,其细胞为二核。三细胞型花粉。子房５室,每室两个胚珠,上胚珠败育,下胚珠可育。下胚珠倒生,具单珠被,厚珠心。大孢子母细胞减数分裂形成线性排列的四个大孢子,雌配子体发育属蓼型。开花当天,花粉散开,雌配子体尚未成熟,处     

杉木人工林水量平衡和蒸散的研究

 本文根据我们严密设计的小集水区径流场连续6年的水文测定数据,进行了杉木人工林水量平衡和蒸散的研究。结果表明：集水区年平均降雨量1065.5mm, 在林冠作用面降雨量的分配中,林冠截留雨量264.6mm,截留率24.8%;穿透过林冠层的雨量799.82mm,树干径流量1.08mm,分别占降雨量的75.1%和0.1%。林内降水到达林地时,在枯枝落叶层这个作用面上净降水进行再分配,其中,地表径流量9.27mm,地下径流量203.00mm,总径流系数0.199。土壤蓄水量月变化较大,但年变化很小,占降雨量的1.2%。系统水量最大的输出是蒸散,每年以气态形式返回大气的水量866.03mm,占降雨量81.3%。在蒸散的水量中,林冠截留雨量的直接物理蒸发量为264.6mm,占总蒸散量的31.6%。     

丹麦森林土壤反硝化作用的动力学分析

本项研究将乙炔和氯霉素抑制技术结合起来 ,对丹麦一森林土壤的反硝化作用进行了研究 ,并考察温度对其还原酶活性的影响 .反硝化还原酶活性和合成过程受O2 的抑制 ,厌氧培养时 ,需要一定时间消耗系统中残余的O2 来解除这种抑制作用 .在无抗生素抑制蛋白质合成时 ,硝酸还原酶只有少量合成 ,而N2 O还原酶却显著地诱导产生 .这一结果对土壤吸收N2 O能力的研究具有重要意义 .在各处理下 ,系统中未发生亚硝酸盐的明显积累 ,表明亚硝酸还原酶活性大于硝酸还原酶 .外加葡萄糖加速了反硝化作用 ,并能促进酶的合成和消除还原过程中的电子竞争 .供试土壤表现出很强的厌氧呼吸作用 ,并受外加C源的促进 .反硝化作用的活化能低于土壤厌氧呼吸的活化能 ,因此反硝化作用的Q1 0值较低 ,CO2 和N2 O的产生比例随温度升高而加大 .     

Linear selection indices for non-linear profit functions

Summary Two methods of deriving linear selection indices for non-linear profit functions have been proposed. One is by linear approximation of profit, and another is the graphical method of Moav and Hill (1966). When profit is defined as the function of population means, the graphical method is optimal. In this paper, profit is defined as the function of the phenotypic values of individual animals; it is then shown that the graphical method is not generally optimal. We propose new methods for constructing selection indices. First, a numerical method equivalent to the graphical method is proposed. Furthermore, we propose two other methods using quadratic approximation of profit: one is based on Taylor series about means before selection, and the other is based on Tayler series about means after selection. Among these different methods, it is shown that the method using quadratic approximation based on Taylor series about means after selection is the most efficient.