食药用菌制作酸乳深层发酵培养基的比较

利用3种深层发酵培养基对灵芝和云芝进行深层发酵培养,所得的发酵滤液可以制成相应的灵芝和云芝酸乳.经测定采用这两种食药用真菌深层发酵滤液制成的酸乳营养丰富,并具有灵芝和云芝的药用价值;但使用不同的深层发酵培养基,酸乳的营养和理化特性有差异,通过比较可以选择出最佳深层发酵培养基.     

云芝糖肽的液体发酵培养基的研究

通过液体发酵的摇瓶实验,考察碳源、氮源、碳氮比和乙醇浓度对云芝糖肽的产率影响,确定葡萄糖和玉米淀粉为适宜碳源,蛋白胨和黄豆饼粉为适宜氮源,合适的碳氮比为20∶1,适宜的乙醇体积分数为1.5%。采用以上的培养基进行70 L发酵罐进行扩大实验和10 t工业生产规模试验。发酵周期32 h,最终生物量达到13.0 g/L,云芝糖肽产率平均为2.21 g/L,与摇瓶发酵水平相当。此外工业实验还确定了云芝液体发酵的pH值、残糖浓度以及菌丝体形态等终点指标。     

云芝菌株的选育、发酵和多糖提取研究进展

云芝是一种中国传统的药用真菌,其主要活性成分为云芝多糖,已被广泛应用于食品和医药领域,其生物学功能越来越被关注。但是,目前在云芝的优良菌种选育及多糖产率上还存在问题,制约了云芝产业的发展。综述了云芝菌种选育、发酵工艺技术和多糖提取技术的研究进展,以期为云芝多糖的高产优化策略相关研究提供参考。     

云芝、灵芝和柱状田头菇胞外多糖对果蝇寿命的影响

研究了云芝、灵芝、柱状田头菇等3种食药用真菌胞外多糖及复合多糖对黑腹果蝇寿命的影响.分别将3种食药用真菌胞外多糖及复合多糖以1、5g/L的剂量加入果蝇培养基中,观察对黑腹果蝇寿命的影响.结果表明,3种食药用真菌的胞外多糖及复合多糖对果蝇寿命均有不同程度的延长,云芝5g/L、柱状田头菇5g/L、云芝2.5g/L＋柱状田头菇2.5g/L、灵芝2.5g/L＋柱状田头菇2.5g/L对果蝇平均寿命延长率分别达到了36.38%、46.60%、36.69%、47.08%.     

死谷芽胞杆菌B10发酵条件的研究与抗菌谱的测定

死谷芽胞杆菌B10可抑制多种食用菌病原木霉菌的生长,同时对其他多种食用菌病原真菌有拮抗作用,因此是1株很有潜力的生防菌,具有开发成生防产品的潜能。实验通过摇瓶培养,对死谷芽胞杆菌B10产生抑菌活性物质的发酵培养基和培养条件进行优化,并对其抑菌谱进行了测试。结果表明,实验产生抑菌活性物质的最佳培养基为NB液体培养基,最佳发酵条件为:菌株种龄18 h,发酵周期36 h,初始培养基pH为7.0,培养温度为30℃,摇瓶装液量为100 mL/250 mL,接种量为4%,摇床转速为170 r/min。B10发酵无菌滤液对多种食用菌病原真菌有明显抑制作用,其中对哈茨木霉T22抑制作用最强,抑菌率达90.56%。     

云芝深层培养及发酵液的应用研究

经试验云芝菌深层培养合适培养基为马铃薯蔗糖综合培养基。其配方：马铃薯２０％,蔗糖２％,ＫＨ２ＰＯ４０．１％,（ＮＨ４）２ＳＯ４０．２％,水１００ｍｌ,ｐＨ自然。试验表明,利用云芝菌深层培养发酵滤液可制成营养丰富的保健饮料。经测定,每１００ｍｌ饮料中云芝糖含量０．８２ｇ、粗蛋白含量为０．５１ｇ,游离氨基酸为２７．０６ｍｇ饮料卫生指标符合中国食品卫生标准。     

一株仙人掌植物内生真菌的分离鉴定及活性研究

从元江仙人掌的茎中分离到一株产广谱、高活性抑菌物质的内生真菌,经测定对细菌、植物病原真菌和皮肤致病真菌共21种病原微生物有较为明显的抑制作用。形态特征表明,该菌株与曲霉属（Aspergillus）中的土生曲霉（Aspergillus terreus）的特征基本一致,18SrDNA序列分析显示本菌株与土生曲霉的同源性高于99％,但该菌株的分生孢子梗上有明显的瘤状突起,不同于模式菌株。因此认为该菌株为土生曲霉的一个变种,命名为土生曲霉云南变种（Aspergillus terreus vat．yunnanensis）。并对其活性物质的生产条件进行了初步摸索,确定用查氏培养基为最佳种子培养基,PDA培养基为最佳发酵培养基,4d为最适发酵时间。     

蒺藜内生真菌发酵液抗菌及抗肿瘤活性初步研究

【目的】筛选出具有抗菌和抗肿瘤活性的蒺藜内生真菌。【方法】采用牛津杯法、稻瘟菌模型及肿瘤细胞模型评价蒺藜内生真菌PDB和察氏培养基发酵产物的抗菌活性和肿瘤细胞毒性。【结果】PDB培养基发酵液和察氏培养基发酵液抑菌圈直径大于10 mm的菌株分别占总菌株数的19.05%和23.81%。PDB培养基发酵液和察氏培养基发酵液对稻瘟菌的最小抑制浓度(MIC)低于10%的菌株分别占总菌株数的19.05%和47.61%。对肿瘤细胞抑制率高于50%的PDB发酵产物占PDB发酵产物总数的52.38%, 而对肿瘤细胞抑制率高于50%的察氏发酵产物占察氏发酵产物总数的28.57%。【结论】部分蒺藜内生真菌的发酵产物具有抗菌和抗肿瘤活性。     

抗人参真菌病害的链霉菌的摇瓶发酵试验

比较对植物病原真菌有拮抗活性的 3株放线菌 0 7,0 8,0 9,以其中 1株为发酵对象 ,选择豆饼粉含量 2 %、饴糖含量 1%、玉米淀粉含量 2 %为主的培养基进行发酵 ,综合总糖利用、pH、抑菌活性以确定发酵时间 72h。     

鱼类HGPRT缺陷型细胞的诱变和筛选

草鱼卵巢细胞ＧＣＧ经乙基甲磺酸（ＥＭＳ）诱变,稳定表达３代以后,采取逐步提高培养基中６－疏基嘌呤（６－ＭＰ）的方法,获得对６－ＭＰ稳定抗性的细胞,暂定名ＦＭＲ－１．本文比较了ＧＣＧ细胞及ＦＭＲ－１细胞在含６－ＭＰ（２０μｇ／ｍｌ）和不含６－ＭＰ的培养基中生长曲线的特点,并对上述两种细胞的染色体数目和葡萄糖－６－磷酸脱氢酶电泳图谱进行了比较分析。最后对两种细胞在ＨＡＴ培养基中的生长特点进行了平行对照实验,根据实验结果,可以判定ＦＭＲ－１细胞为草鱼ＨＧＰＲＴ缺陷型细胞。本义还讨论了进一步研究草鱼ＨＧＰＲＴ缺陷型细胞的途径及草鱼ＨＧＰＲＴ缺陷型细胞在鱼类细胞遗传学上的应用前景。     

六种藓类植物茎的比较解剖学研究

通过对6种藓类植物,即褶叶青藓(Brachythecium salebrosum(Web.et Mohr.)B.S.G.)、湿地匐灯藓(Plagiomnium acutum(Lindb.)Kop.)、侧枝匐灯藓(Plagiomnium maximoviczii(Lindb.)Kop.)、大凤尾藓(Fissidensnobilis Griff.)、大羽藓(Thuidium cymbifolium(Doz.et Molk.)B.S.G.)和大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme Wils.)嫩茎和老茎的石蜡切片和显微观察发现,同一藓类植株的嫩茎和老茎,茎结构稳定,不同种藓类植物茎横切面具有不同特征.植物体茎横切面形状、表层细胞的层数、细胞大小和细胞壁厚薄、皮层细胞大小和形状、中轴的有无以及比例等特征可以作为藓类植物的分科分类依据之一.     

Cause of Senescence of Nine Sorts of Flowers

The levels of endogenous phytohormones and respiratory rate in nine sorts of flowers such as Cymbidium faberi Rolfe, Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth and others were investigated both at full bloom and senescence and meanwhile the effect of exogenous phytohormones on prolonging the blossoms and promoting ethylene production were tested. There is a high content of endogenous ethylene in all the long-lived flowere, about 3–16 folds higer than the short-lived ones. There is a high level of ABA at full blooming flowers of short-lived flowers, in which there is no or only some cytokinins in it, but the ratio of CTK (6BA+zeatin)/ABA is smaller(l.7). The endogenous ABA reached a much higher level at senescence in all nine sorts of flowers, so it is reasonable to consider that it is ABA which plays an important role of regulation in controlling flower's senescence. There is a much higher level of GA3 and zeatin in the long-lived flowers which is not demonstrated in the shortlived ones. The respiratory rate is one of the factors controtling the longevity of flowers, but it does not play a decided role. Application of 6BA and zeatin prolongs distinctly orchid’s longevity, however exogenous IAA through the promotive action on ethylene production, evidently extends the longevity of the flowers of the Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth.     

龙胆科药用植物化学成分的研究现状

龙胆科植物在我国的分布范围很广,且多数为药用植物,其多数种属的药用植物,至今其化学成分尚未被系统研究。综述了目前龙胆科药用植物的化学成分的研究现状及一般提取方法,对近年来发现的环烯醚萜及裂环烯醚萜类化合物进行了总结,为本科药用植物的更深入研究提供了参考。     

真菌类遗传学分析的知识结构教学

本文以认知结构理论为指导,讨论了真菌类遗传分析与高等动植物遗传分析的内在联系,认为利用这种内在联系进行教学可收到好的效果并说明了作者的具体教学过程。 Abstract:In the paper, the relationship between genetic analysis of Fungi and genetic analysis of high animal and plant was discussed.A good results were obtained when we adopted this method in the teaching.     

The effects of glutamine of the maintenance of embryogenic cultures of Cryptomeria japonica

Summary Embryogenic tissues of sugi (Cryptomeria japonica) were induced on a modified Campbell and Durzan (CD) medium containing 1 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 600 mg l⁻¹ glutamine, and subcultured in the medium of the same composition for over 1 yr. This resulted in a mixed culture of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells. When embryogenic cells were isolated and cultured independently, their capacity to form embryogenic aggregates was lost. Thus, the non-embryogenic cells present within a mixed culture system were essential to the formation of embryogenic aggregates. When embryogenic tissues were isolated and cultured independently on a high glutamine-containing (2400 mg l⁻¹) medium, dry weights and endogenous levels of glutamine increased, and the tissue could generate a large number of embryogenic aggregates. Amino acid analysis of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells from the maintenance culture indicated a higher level of glutamine was present in the latter. The high endogenous level of glutamine in the non-embryogenic portion of mixed cell masses may be the supplier of glutamine for maintaining the embryogenic property of the tissues.     

Specificity of action of piperidylcholine derivatives as substrates of cholinesterases of various origin

The review deals with study of enzymologic properties of a novel highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate, N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium iodomethylate (“piperidylcholine”), and its 30 derivatives that were tested as effectors of cholinesterases of mammals and various species of Pacific squids. It was proven for the first time that responsible for specificity of action was structure of cyclic ammonium grouping of the alcohol part of molecule of the ester substrate. Analysis of specificity is performed based on enzymatic hydrolysis parameters—activity of catalytic center of cholinesterases and bimolecular constant of the reaction rate that are determined at optimal and low substrate concentrations. Among the specially synthesized group of thioester compounds there is revealed one more highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate—N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium.     

Photoregulation of seed germination of wild-type and of an aurea-mutant of tomato

Seed germination of an aurea mutant of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is promoted by continuous irradiation with red, far-red or long-wavelength far-red (758 nm) light as well as by cyclic irradiations (5 min red or 5 min far-red/25 min darkness). Far-red light applied immediately after each red does not change the germination behaviour. Seed germination of the isogenic wild-type, cv. UC-105, is promoted by continuous and cyclic red light while it is inhibited by continuous and cyclic far-red light and by continious 758 nm irradiation. Far-red irradiation reverses almost completely the promoting effect of red light. The promoting effect (in the aurea mutant) and the inhibitory effect (in the wild-type) of continuous far-red light do not show photon fluence rate dependency above 20 nmol m⁻² s⁻¹. It is concluded that phytochrome controls tomato seed germination throgh low energy responses in both the wild type and the au mutant. The promoting effect of continuous and cyclic far-red light in the au mutant can be attributed to a greater sensitivity to P_fr.     

医疗机构合理用药评价模型的构建研究

目的 针对医疗机构的合理用药水平进行评价研究。方法 根据医疗机构合理用药的具体要求,构建医疗机构合理用药评价指标体系,采用基于模糊群决策的方法和多指标评价分析法构建医疗机构合理用药评价模型。结果 构建了基于模糊群决策的医疗机构合理用药评价模型,并通过实例分析证明了评价模型的可行性。结论 建立的基于模糊群决策的医疗机构合理用药评价模型能够对医疗机构的合理用药水平进行科学评价,为提高医疗机构合理用药水平奠定基础。