脐血间充质干细胞诱导向神经元样细胞分化的实验研究

目的:研究脐血间充质干细胞生物学特性及向神经元样细胞分化的潜能。方法:采用密度梯度离心结合贴壁培养法自脐血中分离间充质干细胞,观察细胞生长情况,描绘生长曲线,流式细胞仪检测细胞表面标志物,分别向成骨细胞、脂肪细胞、神经元样细胞进行诱导分化,通过茜素红染色、油红O染色检测脐血间充质干细胞成骨、成脂肪细胞诱导分化能力,而以免疫组织化学检测诱导后细胞表面神经标志物的表达。结果:纯化的脐血间充质干细胞贴壁生长,呈均一梭形,生长曲线呈S型,并以P3代增殖能力最强,细胞表面不表达或弱表达CD34、CD35、CD106,高表达CD29、CD44、CD105。成骨诱导2周后,可检测到钙化基质的形成,成脂肪诱导3周后,可检测到脂滴的形成。向神经元样细胞诱导分化后,可观察到典型的神经元样形态改变,且NSE、NF、GFAP阳性表达。结论:分离纯化的脐血间充质干细胞具有较强的增殖能力与分化潜能,并在体外诱导条件下可以向神经元样细胞定向分化。     

脐带间充质干细胞成脂分化的研究

目的:探讨脐带间充质干细胞向成脂细胞方向分化的潜能,为脂肪组织工程提供一种来源丰富的干细胞来源。方法:采用胰酶和胶原酶Ⅰ型联合消化法获得脐带间充质干细胞,通过免疫细胞化学法对其表面标志物进行鉴定,化学诱导方法诱导脐带间充质干细胞向成脂细胞方向分化,倒置显微镜观察其形态变化,油红O染色对诱导后的细胞进行染色。结果:胰酶和胶原酶Ⅰ联合消化法分离的细胞贴壁生长,呈现成纤维细胞形态,免疫细胞化学显示脐带间充质干细胞表达CD29、CD44和CD105,但不表达CD31、CD34和CD105,脐带间充质干细胞在成脂诱导培养基中细胞生长速度明显减慢,细胞形态转变为肥大、扁平、含有大量脂滴的脂肪细胞,油红O染色示胞浆充满了油滴空泡。结论:脐带间充质干细胞具有向成脂细胞方向分化的潜能,为脂肪组织工程提供了一种来源丰富、免疫力低和低分化的种子细胞。     

人脐静脉间充质干细胞的分离培养及生物学特性鉴定

为了对人脐静脉间充质干细胞(MSC)进行分离培养及其生物学特性鉴定。采用胶原酶分步消化法获得人脐静脉间充质干细胞(hUVMSC2)并对其进行体外培养、形态学观察及绘制生长曲线;利用条件培养基诱导法分析该细胞分别向成骨细胞和脂肪细胞分化能力;流式细胞术检测细胞表面标志物CD54、CD105、CD29、CD166、CD44、CD31、CD34、CD49、CD106等表达情况。结果该细胞形态为梭形或成纤维样,不表达内皮来源的vWF因子。在不同诱导条件下,该细胞可分别向成骨细胞和脂肪细胞分化。hUVMSC2细胞表面表达CD54、CD105、CD29、CD166、CD44等间质细胞黏附分子,不表达CD31、CD34、CD49、CD106等内皮或造血细胞相关标志物。该细胞指数生长期倍增时间约为26h,在添加bFGF条件下可迅速增殖,指数生长期倍增时间缩短为16h。研究证实人脐静脉内皮层下存在间充质干细胞,采用分步酶消化法可同时分别获得单根脐静脉的内皮细胞和间充质干细胞。hUVMSC2间充质干细胞具有向脂肪细胞和成骨细胞分化潜能并表达多种黏附分子。     

表皮生长因子诱导骨髓间充质干细胞向视网膜神经细胞分化的体外研究

目的:研究表皮生长因子诱导骨髓间充质干细胞向视网膜神经细胞分化的可能性。方法:体外培养骨髓间充质干细胞,利用流式细胞仪分析其细胞表型。采用含EGF的培养液诱导骨髓间充质干细胞向视网膜神经细胞分化,并利用免疫荧光法进行鉴定。结果:从骨髓中分离培养的细胞具有成纤维细胞样形态,贴壁生长,表型相对均一,表面标志为CD90、CD44、CD147阳性;而CD34、CD38、CD45、CD14、HLA-DR阴性。体外诱导后可以得到神经干细胞标志物nestin、神经胶质细胞标志物GFAP和视网膜光感受器细胞标志物Rhodopsin呈阳性表达的细胞。结论:从骨髓中分离培养得到的间充质干细胞具有向视网膜神经细胞分化的潜能。     

脐带间充质干细胞——组织工程的新视角

目的 从脐带中分离培养脐带间充质干细胞(mesenchymal stem cell, MSC) 并进行鉴定,阐明其多向分化的潜在作用.方法 收集健康胎儿脐带,分离培养脐带中的间充质干细胞,以流式细胞仪对培养的间充质干细胞进行细胞表面标志检测,多种成分联合诱导其向脂肪、成骨方向分化,细胞化学染色检测诱导后的细胞变化.结果 脐带中分离培养的间充质干细胞不表达造血细胞系的标志CD34、CD45、HLA-DR,强表达CD105、CD44、CD90,在适当的诱导条件下可向脂肪及成骨方向分化.结论 脐带中存在具有多向分化潜能的间充质干细胞.     

人脐带和骨髓间充质干细胞体外分离培养及生物学特性比较

目的体外分离培养、扩增人脐带间充质干细胞(h UC-MSC)和人骨髓间充质干细胞(h BM-MSC),并对其生物学特性进行比较。方法采用组织块贴壁法从足月胎儿脐带分离、纯化和培养h UC-MSC,健康成人骨髓肝素抗凝后,采用密度梯度离心法分离、纯化和培养h BM-MSC;用倒置显微镜观察两种细胞的形态及细胞生长增殖情况,流式细胞仪分析检测第3代细胞表面标志的表达,Von?Kossa染色及油红O染色检测分化潜能。结果镜下两种细胞均为贴壁生长,形态为均一的成纤维细胞样,取相同数量的细胞传代接种后,h UC-MSC的增殖速率快于h BM-MSC,两种细胞具有均一的细胞表型,均表达CD29、CD44、CD105,不表达CD45、CD34、HLA-DR、HLA-G、CD80、CD86,两种细胞都有成骨、成脂分化潜能,但h UC-MSC的分化潜能更强。结论 h UC-MSC与h BM-MSC具有相似的生物学特性,且前者具有更强的增殖能力和分化潜能,h UC-MSC有望成为h BMMSC理想的替代来源。     

人脐带间充质干细胞作为维持人胚胎干细胞生长饲养层细胞的研究

目的寻找可以维持人胚胎干细胞未分化生长的人源性细胞作为饲养层细胞,从而解决使用鼠源性细胞作为饲养层带来的安全问题。方法尝试以人脐带间充质干细胞作为饲养层细胞来培养人胚胎干细胞,检验其是否可以维持人胚胎干细胞的未分化生长状态。用胶原酶消化法分离人脐带间充质干细胞,光镜下观察细胞形态;流式细胞仪检测其表面标志;诱导人脐带间充质干细胞向成骨细胞和脂肪细胞进行分化。将人胚胎干细胞系H1接种于丝裂霉素C灭活后的人脐带间充质干细胞上,每隔5d进行一次传代。培养20代后,对人胚胎干细胞特性进行相关检测,包括细胞形态、碱性磷酸酶染色、相关多能性基因的表达、分化能力。结果从人脐带中分离出的间充质干细胞为梭形,呈平行排列生长或漩涡状生长;细胞高表达CD44、CD29、CD73、CD105、CD90、CD86、CD147、CD117,不表达CD14、CD38、CD133、CD34、CD45、HLA-DR;具有分化成脂肪细胞和成骨细胞的潜能。人胚胎干细胞在人脐带间充质干细胞饲养层上培养20代后,继续保持人胚胎干细胞的典型形态,碱性磷酸酶染色为阳性,免疫荧光染色显示OCT4、Nanog、SSEA4、TRA-1-81、TRA-1-60的表达为阳性,SSEA1表达为阴性,体外悬浮培养可以形成拟胚体。结论人脐带间充质干细胞可以作为人胚胎干细胞的饲养层细胞,支持其生长,并维持其未分化生长状态。     

小鼠骨髓间充质干细胞的培养、鉴定和Survivin的表达研究

为培养及鉴定小鼠来源骨髓间充质干细胞,并测定细胞中Survivin的表达情况,采用全骨髓培养法获取骨髓间充质干细胞,绘制生长曲线,流式细胞仪检测细胞表面标志物,行成骨、成脂检测,RT-PCR测定Survivin表达情况.结果表明培养出的细胞呈长梭状成纤维细胞样,经流式细胞仪检测细胞表面高表达CD29、CD34、CD44、SCA-1,低表达CD117;细胞曲线显示传代细胞培养1～3d生长缓慢,第4d生长加快并于第7d达到高峰;成骨诱导20d经茜素红染色呈红色结节,成脂诱导14d油红O染色显示有大量脂质沉淀;RT-PCR结果显示Survivin mRNA阳性表达.经全骨髓培养法可以培养出大量骨髓间充质干细胞,同时Survivin在小鼠骨髓间充质干细胞中正常表达,提示可能参与骨髓间充质干细胞抗凋亡过程.     

人脐带间充质干细胞的分离培养与鉴定简

目的：建立并优化人脐带间充质干细胞分离纯化方法,并对其表面标志与多向分化潜能进行鉴定。方法：收集健康足月产胎儿脐带组织,采用组织块贴壁法进行原代培养,流式细胞仪对其表面标志进行检测,通过向成骨成脂分化对其多向分化潜能进行鉴定,RT-PCR对其干细胞特性基因Oct4、Nanog、Sox2、Nestin进行检测。结果：采用组织块贴壁法可在2周左右获得大量间充质干细胞,培养的细胞经流式细胞仪检测,高表达CD29、CD44、CD105、CD106,低表达CD34、CD45;经成骨成脂诱导2周后可分化为成骨细胞和成脂细胞,RT-PCR检测发现原代细胞表达Oct4、Nanog、Sox2、Nestin基因。结论：人脐带间充质干细胞可在体外扩增培养,具有多向分化潜能,可作为组织工程种子细胞来源。     

比格犬会厌黏膜来源干细胞的分离培养与生物学特性鉴定

目的:探讨建立喉部黏膜间充质干细胞的分离培养方法,并对其生物学特性进行鉴定,为进一步研究其在喉部瘢痕中形成的作用及喉部组织工程提供参考.方法:以比格犬喉部会厌背侧(舌面)黏膜为研究对象,采用消化培养的方法分离具有间充质干细胞样细胞.选取第3代细胞对其进行生物学特性鉴定,首先利用MTT法检测其增殖活性及克隆形成情况,然后通过流式细胞术检测细胞表面分子标记物CD29及CD34的表达情况,最后应用第3代细胞对其进行成脂肪细胞和成骨细胞分化培养,观察其分化能力.结果:分离培养细胞形态较为一致,绝大多数呈梭形,排列不规则.MTT增殖活性实验及克隆形成试验结果显示,所分离的细胞具有良好的增殖活性和克隆形成率;流式细胞术结果显示,该细胞表达CD29间充质干细胞细胞表面标记物,低表达造血干细胞细胞表面标记物CD34;同时,该细胞诱导分化成脂肪细胞和成骨细胞实验表明,其具有多向分化潜能.结论:从比格犬会厌背侧黏膜分离的细胞具有间充质干细胞样特性,为进一步研究喉部瘢痕形成机制及喉部组织工程提供了技术基础.     

Isolation,characterisation and comparative analysis of human umbilical cord vein perivascular cells and cord blood mesenchymal stem cells

Perivascular cells are known to be ancestors of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and can be obtained from heart, skin, bone marrow, eye, placenta and umbilical cord (UC). However detailed characterization of perivascular cells around the human UC vein and comparative analysis of them with MSCs haven’t been done yet. In this study, our aim is to isolate perivascular cells from human UC vein and characterize them versus UC blood MSCs (UCB-MSCs). For this purpose, perivascular cells around the UC vein were isolated enzymatically and then purified with magnetic activated cell sorting (MACS) method using CD146 Microbead Kit respectively. MSCs were isolated from UCB by Ficoll density gradient solution. Perivascular cells and UCB-MSCs were characterized by osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation procedures, flow cytometric analysis [CD146, CD105, CD31, CD34, CD45 and alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA)], and immunofluorescent staining (MAP1B and Tenascin C). Alizarin red and Oil red O staining results showed that perivascular cells and MSCs had osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation capacity. However, osteogenic differentiation capacity of perivascular cells were found to be less than UCB-MSCs. According to flow cytometric analysis, CD146 expression of perivascular cells were appeared to be 4.8-fold higher than UCB-MSCs. Expression of α-SMA, MAP1B and Tenascin-C from perivascular cells was determined by flow cytometry analysis and immunfluorescent staining. The results appear to support the fact that perivascular cells are the ancestors of MSCs in vascular area. They may be used as alternative cells to MSCs in the field of vascular tissue engineering.     

人脐带间充质干细胞的成脂诱导分化及其相关基因鉴定

目的:探讨人脐带间充质干细胞(hUC-MSCs)的分离提取、体外诱导分化为脂肪细胞的能力及其相关基因的表达情况。方法:取新生儿脐带经组织培养法提取后分离培养于αMEM完全培养基中,经大量纯化与扩增后,采用倒置显微镜观察其形态与细微结构;流式技术检测其细胞周期及表面标志;以含有成脂诱导剂的αMEM培养基对P3的hUC-MSCs进行培养,诱导其向脂肪细胞方向分化,对其对诱导后的细胞进行检测。应用油红"O"染色对其进行定性鉴定;应用实时定量RT-PCR对LPL、Leptin的基因含量进行测定。结果:经过组织培养法后,细胞呈贴壁生长,细胞呈梭性或旋涡状,形态不规则,多数有凸起,细胞核较大,核仁明显;第7代以前的细胞具有较强的生长活性;流式技术检测发现此类细胞高表达CD44、CD73和CD105等细胞表面标记,而几乎不表达CD34、CD45、CD31和HLA-DR。培养至第3代的细胞约72.724%的细胞处G1期、S期的细胞仅占18.069%,第7代时G1期细胞约为83.875%、S期为9.606%左右;经成脂诱导剂诱导分化后,细胞经油红"O"染色,分化为脂肪细胞的细胞着色并呈红色,实时定量RT-PCR结果显示该部分细胞表达脂肪细胞的标志性基因LPL和Leptin。结论:P7以前的hUC-MSCs具有较强的生长分化能力,可以向脂肪细胞进行分化并表达一定量的特定标志性基因。     

枸杞多糖诱导人脐血间充质干细胞向神经元样细胞分化的实验研究

目的:探讨枸杞多糖诱导人脐血间充质干细胞(MSCs)向神经元样细胞分化的可行性及其机制。方法:无菌条件下收集正常足月儿的脐带血,经肝素抗凝,用相对密度1.077的淋巴细胞分离液分离脐血的单个核细胞,用低糖DMEM培养基进行培养和纯化扩增。选取第3代细胞进行诱导实验,当传代细胞长满瓶底的80%以上时,先用含15?S和10ng/ml bFGF的DMEM完全培养基预诱导24小时,然后用不含血清含1g/L枸杞多糖的DMEM培养基诱导,光镜下观察细胞形态,用免疫组化技术检测细胞Nestin和NF的表达。结果:预诱导后MSCs没有变化,而经枸杞多糖诱导4h后细胞即出现形态学上的改变,细胞变成不规则形,立体感增强,从胞体伸出突起。免疫组化检测显示,细胞Nestin、NF呈阳性。结论:人脐血间充质干细胞经枸杞多糖诱导可转化为神经元样细胞,其诱导机制可能与枸杞多糖的抗氧化作用有关。     

Characterization of mesenchymal stem cells isolated from the human umbilical cord

Numerous papers have reported that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can be isolated from various sources such as bone marrow, adipose tissue and others. Nonetheless it is an open question whether MSCs isolated from different sources represent a single cell lineage or if cells residing in different organs are separate members of a family of MSCs. Subendothelial tissue of the umbilical cord vein has been shown to be a promising source of MSCs. The aim of this study was to isolate and characterize cells derived from the subendothelial layer of umbilical cord veins as regards their clonogenicity and differentiation potential. The results from these experiments show that cells isolated from the umbilical cord vein displayed fibroblast-like morphology and grew into colonies. Immunophenotyping by flow cytometry revealed that the isolated cells were negative for the hematopoietic line markers HLA-DR and CD34 but were positive for CD29, CD90 and CD73. The isolated cells were also positive for survivin, Bcl-2, vimentin and endoglin, as confirmed by RT-PCR and immunofluorescence. These cells can be induced to differentiate into osteogenic and adipogenic cells, but a new finding is that these cells can be induced to differentiate into endothelial cells expressing CD31, vWF and KDR-2, and also form vessel-like structures in Matrigel. The differentiated cells stopped expressing survivin, thus showing a diminished proliferative potential. It can be assumed that the subendothelial layer of the umbilical cord vein contains a population of cells with the overall characteristics of MSCs, with the additional capability to transform into endothelial cells.     

Comparative analysis of human UCB and adipose tissue derived mesenchymal stem cells for their differentiation potential into brown and white adipocytes

The differentiation potential of umbilical cord blood-derived mesenchymal stem cells (UCB-MSCs) into brown and white adipocytes in comparison to Adipose tissue derived MSCs (AD-MSCs) were investigated in order to characterize their potency for future cell therapies. MSCs were isolated from ten UCB samples and six liposuction materials. MSCs were differentiated into white and brown adipocytes after characterization by flow cytometry. Differentiated adipocytes were stained with Oil Red O and hematoxylin/eosin. The UCP1 protein levels in brown adipocytes were investigated by immunofluoresence and western blot analysis. Cells that expressed mesenchymal stem cells markers (CD34?, CD45?, CD90+ and CD105+) were successfully isolated from UCB and adipose tissue. Oil Red O staining demonstrated that white and brown adipocytes obtained from AD-MSCs showed 85 and 61% of red pixels, while it was 3 and 1.9%, respectively for white and brown adipocytes obtained from UCB-MSCs. Fluorescence microscopy analysis showed strong uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) signaling in brown adipocytes, especially which were obtained from AD-MSCs. Quantification of UCP1 protein amount showed 4- and 10.64-fold increase in UCP1 contents of brown adipocytes derived from UCB-MSCs and AD-MSCs, respectively in comparison to undifferentiated MSCs (P?<?0.004). UCB-MSCs showed only a little differentiation tendency into adipocytes means it is not an appropriate stem cell type to be differentiated into these cell types. In contrast, high differentiation efficiency of AD-MSCs into brown and white adipocytes make it appropriate stem cell type to use in future regenerative medicine of soft tissue disorders or fighting with obesity and its related disorders.     

Electrophysiological Characterisation of Human Umbilical Cord Blood-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Induced by Olfactory Ensheathing Cell-Conditioned Medium

Umbilical cord blood-derived marrow stromal cells (UCB-MSCs) with high proliferation capacity and immunomodulatory properties are considered to be a good candidate for cell-based therapies. But until now, little work has been focused on the differentiation of UCB-MSCs. In this work, UCB-MSCs were demonstrated to be negative for CD34 and CD45 expression but positive for CD90 and CD105 expression. The gate values of UCB-MSCs for CD90 and CD105 were 99.3 and 98.6 %, respectively. Two weeks after treatment, the percentage of neuron-like cells differentiated from UCB-MSCs was increased to 84 ± 12 % in the experimental group [treated with olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs)-conditioned medium] and they were neuron-specific enolase positive; few neuron-like cells were found in the control group (without OECs-conditioned medium). Using whole-cell recording, sodium and potassium currents were recorded in UCB-MSCs after differentiation by OECs. Thus, human UCB-MSCs could be differentiated to neural cells by secreted secretion from OECs and exhibited electrophysiological properties similar to mature neurons after 2 weeks post-induction. These results imply that OECs can be used as a new strategy for stem cell differentiation and provide an alternative neurogenesis pathway for generating sufficient numbers of neural cells for cell therapy.     

Mesenchymal stem cells from umbilical cord blood: parameters for isolation, characterization and adipogenic differentiation

Isolation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from umbilical cord blood (UCB) from full-term deliveries is a laborious, time-consuming process that results in a low yield of cells. In this study we identified parameters that can be helpful for a successful isolation of UCB-MSCs. According to our findings, chances for a well succeeded isolation of these cells are higher when MSCs were isolated from UCB collected from normal full-term pregnancies that did not last over 37 weeks. Besides the duration of pregnancy, blood volume and storage period of the UCB should also be considered for a successful isolation of these cells. Here, we found that the ideal blood volume collected should be above 80 mL and the period of storage should not exceed 6 h. We characterized UCB-MSCs by morphologic, immunophenotypic, protein/gene expression and by adipogenic differentiation potential. Isolated UCB-MSCs showed fibroblast-like morphology and the capacity of differentiating into adipocyte-like cells. Looking for markers of the undifferentiated status of UCB-MSCs, we analyzed the UCB-MSCs’ protein expression profile along different time periods of the differentiation process into adipocyte-like cells. Our results showed that there is a decrease in the expression of the markers CD73, CD90, and CD105 that correlates to the degree of differentiation of UCB-MSCs We suggest that CD90 can be used as a mark to follow the differentiation commitment degree of MSCs. Microarray results showed an up-regulation of genes related to the adipogenesis process and to redox metabolism in the adipocyte-like differentiated MSCs. Our study provides information on a group of parameters that may help with successful isolation and consequently with characterization of the differentiated/undifferentiated status of UCB-MSCs, which will be useful to monitor the differentiation commitment of UCB-MSC and further facilitate the application of those cells in stem-cell therapy.     

人滑膜间充质干细胞与人脐带间充质干细胞的生物学性状比较

该文旨在比较人滑膜间充质干细胞(human synovial mesenchymal stem cells,hSMSCs)与人脐带间充质干细胞(human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells,hUC-MSCs)的生物学性状。流式细胞仪鉴定hSMSCs和hUC-MSCs。比较两种间充质干细胞的增殖、分化、迁移能力。结果表明,hSMSCs和hUC-MSCs均为长梭形贴壁细胞,并表达多种间充质干细胞表面标志物。不同的是,hUC-MSCs高表达CD73、CD105、CD147;而hSMSCs高表达CD24。hSMSCs具有更强的早期成骨和成软骨能力。hUC-MSCs具有更强的增殖和迁移能力,细胞周期结果显示,hSMSCs和hUC-MSCs均具有较强的增殖能力。该研究成功分离出hSMSCs,其生物学性状与hUC-MSCs相似,且具有较强的成骨与成软骨能力,可作为组织工程的理想种子细胞或临床治疗用细胞。     

间充质干细胞体外调控骨髓造血前体细胞向单核系分化

研究间充质干细胞(MSC)能否在体外调控造血。体外分离培养人骨髓来源的MSC,RT-PCR检测其造血生长因子的表达,并以其为饲养层细胞,接种骨髓单个核细胞(MNC),观察生长情况,并通过形态学观察和流式细胞术分析,鉴定细胞来源和分化方向。结果显示,MSC构成性表达SCF、Flt3L和M-CSF,不表达C-CSF和GM-CSF,在骨髓MNC和MSC共培养体系中,大约2周左右可以看到大量的圆形细胞粘附在梭型MSC上生长,细胞胞体为圆形,胞浆较丰富,胞核为圆形、半月型或肾型,部分细胞呈典型的单核细胞形态,流式细胞术分析该类细胞表达CDl4,不表达CDl5、CD41、glycophorin A、CD5和CDl9。表明不需要添加外源性造血生长因子,间充质干细胞能在体外调控骨髓造血前体细胞向单核系分化,其定向分化可能与MSC分泌造血生长因子及MSC与造血细胞间相互作用有关。