西尼罗病毒的RT-PCR检测与鉴定

建立西尼罗病毒敏感、特异、快速的RT-PCR检测方法用于实验室诊断和流行病学监测。采用一步RT-PCR和套式PCR法对西尼罗病毒感染的乳鼠脑和细胞培养上清进行扩增,并对扩增产物进行序列测定。两种方法均可分别从两种组织中扩增出与预期大小相一致的片段,套式PCR法比一步RT-PCR法更为敏感,该扩增片段与西尼罗病毒埃及Eg101株相应序列的同源性为99％。     

猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒S1株基因组序列测定和分析

应用RT-PCR方法分段扩增出PRRSV上海分离株S1毒株的4条基因大片段,扩增后的产物分别克隆于pCR-XL-TOPO载体鉴定后测序,同时应用RACE方法对S1毒株的3'和5'基因末端进行了成功的扩增并克隆于pMD-18T载体进行测序,按顺序将这些序列进行拼接得到PRRSV S1株全基因组cDNA序列.测序结果表明PRRSV S1株基因组全长15441 bp,包含9个开放式阅读框,5'UTR含有189nt,3'端UTR含有181nt,其中包含30nt Poly (A).基因组序列分析结果显示该病毒与ATCC VR-2332和BJ-4分离株的核苷酸同源性分别99.5%和99.6%.与另一国内分离株CH-1a的核苷酸同源性为90.8%.     

一步法RT-PCR和两步法RT-PCR对蜜蜂病毒诊断研究的比较

【目的】探讨适合蜜蜂病毒病诊断的RT-PCR技术。【方法】从感染蜜蜂以色列急性麻痹病毒、残翅病毒、囊状幼虫病毒、急性麻痹病毒、黑蜂王台病毒以及慢性麻痹病毒的阳性样品中,分别提取这6种病毒的RNA。然后,同时应用一步法RT-PCR和两步法RT-PCR的反应体系对6种病毒扩增,并对两种方法的灵敏性进行比较和分析。【结果】上述两种方法分别得到158(IAPV)、269(DWV)、342(SBV)、460(ABPV)、536(BQCV)和774 bp(CBPV)的扩增片段,测序结果证实扩增片段符合预期。两步法RT-PCR可检测到更低浓度的病毒颗粒。【结论】结果表明,该2种方法均可快速、有效地诊断蜜蜂病毒。但两步法RT-PCR灵敏性更高。     

肠道病毒、乙脑病毒和腮腺炎病毒多重RT-PCR检测方法的建立

为建立针对肠道病毒(enterovirus,EV)、乙脑病毒(Japanese encephalitis virus,JEV)和腮腺炎病毒(mumps virus,MUV)的多重RT-PCR检测方法,分别选择肠道病毒的5′UTR基因、乙脑病毒的E基因和腮腺炎病毒M基因设计3对引物,建立同时检测肠道病毒、乙脑病毒和腮腺炎病毒的多重RT-PCR方法.以中国地区流行的与脑炎相关的麻疹病毒和风疹病毒cDNA为模板验证该检测方法的特异性,同时以梯度稀释的不同滴度的脊髓灰质炎病毒、乙脑病毒、腮腺炎病毒评估该检测方法的检出限.所建立的3种病毒的多重RT-PCR方法可同时或分别特异扩增肠道病毒、乙脑病毒和腮腺炎病毒的152 bp、429 bp和274 bp基因片段,基因序列分别与脊髓灰质炎病毒Sabin 1型5′UTR基因片段、乙型脑炎病毒SA-14-14-2株E基因片段及腮腺炎病毒S79基因片段序列一致;检出限分别达到78.1 CCID50/mL、312.5 PFU/mL、156.2 CCID50/mL;而对麻疹病毒和风疹病毒的扩增均为阴性.所建立的多重RT-PCR特异性和检出限良好,可用于上述3种脑炎病毒的快速检测.     

竞争性RT-PCR法及对大肠杆菌acrA基因mRNA表达水平的定量研究

建立了用于检测大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli)ATCC25922的acrA基因mRNA表达水平的定量竞争性RT-PCR(QC-RT-PCR)体系。PCR合成目标片段的突变型片段(321bp)作为内标准模板(Internal standard,IS),与目标片段一致的片段(389bp)作为目标模板(Target standard,TS),优化两种模板共扩增体系;梯度稀释IS与等量大肠杆菌cDNA样本共扩增,扫描电泳条带,软件分析数据。结果表明,引物设计合适,以IS和TS为模板实现共扩增,产物(321bp和389bp)通过1.5%琼脂糖凝胶电泳有效分离;梯度稀释IS与cDNA共扩增产物出现亮度梯度电泳条带;获得一元回归曲线y=-0.345 0.097x(相关系数r=0.959,标准差s=0.05997)。该研究成功构建内标准模板,优化的共扩增PCR体系实现了对大肠杆菌ATCC25922中acrA基因mRNA表达水平的检测,具有简便、高效、敏感度高等优点。     

竞争性RT-PCR法及对大肠杆菌acrA基因mRNA表达水平的定量研究

建立了用于检测大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli)ATCC25922的acrA基因mRNA表达水平的定量竞争性RT-PCR(QC-RT-PCR)体系。PCR合成目标片段的突变型片段(321bp)作为内标准模板(Internal standard,IS),与目标片段一致的片段(389bp)作为目标模板(Target standard,TS),优化两种模板共扩增体系;梯度稀释IS与等量大肠杆菌cDNA样本共扩增,扫描电泳条带,软件分析数据。结果表明,引物设计合适,以IS和TS为模板实现共扩增,产物(321bp和389bp)通过1.5%琼脂糖凝胶电泳有效分离;梯度稀释IS与cDNA共扩增产物出现亮度梯度电泳条带;获得一元回归曲线y=-0.345+0.097x(相关系数r=0.959,标准差s=0.05997)。该研究成功构建内标准模板,优化的共扩增PCR体系实现了对大肠杆菌ATCC25922中acrA基因mRNA表达水平的检测,具有简便、高效、敏感度高等优点。     

三重RT-PCR同步检测马铃薯多种病毒影响因素

根据病毒外壳蛋白区序列设计PVX、PVS特异性引物对,根据P1基因区序列设计PVA特异性引物对,应用三重RT-PCR同步检测马铃薯X病毒,马铃薯A病毒及马铃薯S病毒,分别得到562bp、255bp、182bp大小的扩增片段。试验从反转录反应、PCR反应及循环条件3方面讨论了试剂和循环条件对三重RT-PCR同步检测3种病毒的影响。结果表明反转录反应中dNTPs浓度、3种病毒下游引物浓度比例对整个反应影响较大;其次是PCR反应中MgC12浓度和退火温度;反转录时间,循环条件对RT-PCR影响较小。     

RT-PCR方法扩增白蛉热病毒M片段的研究

为建立扩增未知序列白蛉热病毒M片段的RT-PCR方法,本研究选取7个血清组成员和8个未分组血清型,共42株白蛉热病毒为RT-PCR检测对象.通过排列GenBank中已知的4型白蛉热病毒M片段氨基酸序列,选择保守区设计引物.根据保守区各已知病毒的cDNA特异序列合成寡核苷酸,将相同区的寡核苷酸等量混合成为"鸡尾酒"引物,用于RT-PCR.扩增产物经电泳检测,纯化后直接测序.引物对Ph-M-2FM和Ph-M-3RM扩增产物长度约为600bp,从42株病毒中扩增出34株,阳性率为81.0%.另一引物对Ph-M-2FM和Ph-M-4R2M扩增产物长度约为1400bp,扩增出22株病毒,阳性率为52.3%.测出序列经BLAST检索,与GenBank中已知白蛉热病毒同源.本研究首次成功地应用RT-PCR扩增不同血清型未知序列白蛉热病毒的部分M片段,并测出扩增产物序列,为白蛉热病毒属成员的基因鉴定和种系发生关系分析提供了实验手段,并将有助于白蛉热病毒感染的基因诊断.     

兔出血症病毒中国株衣壳蛋白基因的克隆和序列分析

应用RT-PCR技术,从兔出血症病毒中国分离株WX84中成功扩增出预期大小为1.7kb的特异性条带,将扩增产物提纯后克隆入pGEMR-T载体,经转化、筛选及酶切鉴定后,获得了该株病毒衣壳蛋白基因的克隆,序列分析表明扩增的中国株RHDV衣壳蛋白基因片段长度为1 740bp,共编码580个氨基酸.该核酸序列与其它国家报道的多株RHDV序列相互间同源性高达98.2%～99.0%,其推导的氨基酸序列同源性也达98.3%～99.1%,为极度保守片段.     

实验感染的三带喙库蚊和来亨鸡体内西尼罗病毒的分离与鉴定

采用C6/36细胞培养分离活病毒、间接免疫荧光染色检测病毒抗原、RT-PCR扩增病毒基因片段和PCR产物测序等方法,对实验感染的三带喙库蚊Culex tritaeniorhynchus和来亨鸡血液样本中的西尼罗病毒进行分离和鉴定。结果表明,接种实验感染蚊虫研磨液和来亨鸡血液样本的C6/36细胞出现细胞融合、空泡形成的病变效应; 用西尼罗病毒抗血清进行间接免疫荧光染色,感染病毒的细胞呈现黄绿色荧光,为阳性反应; 采用3对不同引物的RT- PCR体系扩增分别出现预期的408 bp、498 bp和559 bp的基因片段,序列测定证实扩增序列与实验所用毒株相应的基因序列基本相同。从而证实实验感染三带喙库蚊和来亨鸡体血液内的西尼罗病毒与实验感染所用的西尼罗病毒Chin-01株一致。     

Generation of an infectious clone of VR-2332, a highly virulent North American-type isolate of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus

A full-length cDNA clone of the prototypical North American porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) isolate VR-2332 was assembled in the plasmid vector pOK(12). To rescue infectious virus, capped RNA was transcribed in vitro from the pOK(12) clone and transfected into BHK-21C cells. The supernatant from transfected monolayers were serially passaged on Marc-145 cells and porcine pulmonary alveolar macrophages. Infectious PRRSV was recovered on Marc-145 cells as well as porcine pulmonary macrophages; thus, the cloned virus exhibited the same cell tropism as the parental VR-2332 strain. However, the cloned virus was clearly distinguishable from the parental VR-2332 strain by an engineered marker, a BstZ17I restriction site. The full-length cDNA clone had 11 nucleotide changes, 2 of which affected coding, compared to the parental VR-2332 strain. Additionally, the transcribed RNA had an extra G at the 5' end. To examine whether these changes influenced viral replication, we examined the growth kinetics of the cloned virus in vitro. In Marc-145 cells, the growth kinetics of the cloned virus reflected those of the parental isolate, even though the titers of the cloned virus were consistently slightly lower. In experimentally infected 5.5-week-old pigs, the cloned virus produced blue discoloration of the ears, a classical clinical symptom of PRRSV. Also, the seroconversion kinetics of pigs infected with the cloned virus and VR-2332 were very similar. Hence, virus derived from the full-length cDNA clone appeared to recapitulate the biological properties of the highly virulent parental VR-2332 strain. This is the first report of an infectious cDNA clone based on American-type PRRSV. The availability of this cDNA clone will allow examination of the molecular mechanisms behind PRRSV virulence and attenuation, which might in turn allow the production of second-generation, genetically engineered PRRSV vaccines.     

猪生殖和呼吸综合征病毒B13株ORF7基因的克隆及在杆状病毒系统中的表达

利用单管RT－PCR方法扩增猪生殖和呼吸综合征病毒（PRRSV）分离株B13株包括ORF7基因的片段,并对其序列进行了测定,结果PRRSV分离株B13ORF7基因长度为384bp,编码128个氨基酸组成的15kD蛋白。与已发表的PRRSV LV株、VR－2332株进行同源性比较,发现核苷酸同源性分别为99.2%、59.4%;氨基酸同源性分别为98.4%、54.7%。。表明PRRSV分离株B13在基因结构上可能与LV株同属于欧洲亚群。同时构建了重组转移载体质粒pAcGHLT-B-ORF7,且该重组转移载体质粒与线性化苜蓿丫纹夜蛾核型多角体病毒（AcMNPV-SVI^-G)基因组DNA（baculo gold linearized baculovirus DNA）共转染草地夜蛾（Spodoptcra frugiperda,Sf9）细胞,得到重组病毒AcMNPV-OCC^--GST-6xHis-ORF7。在感染了重组病毒的Sf9细胞中检测到分子量为46kD的ORF7基因的GST融合蛋白表达产物,能被猪抗PRRSVB13株多克隆血清所特异识别。此结果为PRRS新型诊断抗原的研制奠定了基础。     

Genetic Variation of Chinese PRRSV Strains Based on ORF5 Sequence

Thirteen isolates of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) from different provinces of China were studied and compared with several PRRSV isolates from other countries. Phylogenetic analysis shows that all Chinese isolates of PRRSV in this study belong to the American genotype, except for one strain, B13, which clustered as a European genotype. Sequence analysis revealed that PRRSV Chinese isolates of the American genotype were highly similar in the ORF5 sequence and could be classified into two subclades. One contains PRRSV isolates that are more closely related to the American vaccine strain MLV Resp and its parent strain VR-2332, and the other contains ones only distantly related to them. Within the Chinese isolates slight genetic variation occurred, and some strains may originate directly from the vaccine virus.     

Molecular characterization of a highly pathogenetic porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus variant in Hubei, China

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) has been recognized as one of the most important pathogens of pigs throughout the world. In 2006, more than 10 provinces of China have experienced an epizootic outbreak of pig diseases characterized by high fever, reddened skin and high morbidity and mortality. From June 2006 to April 2007, we have investigated some clinical samples in Hubei province by RT-PCR and cloned several major genes, N, GP5 and NSP2 gene, shown in this study. Phylogenetic analysis of these genes revealed that the highly pathogenic PRRSV variant, ZB, was responsible for 2006 emergent outbreak of pig disease in Hubei province similar with those variants isolated from other provinces in China in 2006, and belongs to the NA-type PRRSV. In the PRRSV variants, the N and GP5 shear about 90% identity with prototypic ATCC VR-2332 and some typical NA-type Chinese isolates, except the 2850bp NSP2 gene (only shares 65% identity with ATCC VR-2332). But they all shear more than and 97% identity with other highly pathogenetic Chinese PRRSV strains. Additionally, there are extensive amino acid (aa) mutations in the GP5 protein and 2 deletions in the Nsp2 protein when compared with the previous isolates. Most of the variants found in 2006 epizootic outbreak of pig diseases in China were the farthest variants from the typical NA-type PRRSV in phylogenetic distance, and these diversities may be responsible for the differences in the pathogenicity observed between these variants and original Chinese PRRSV strains.     

Genetic diversity of the ORF5 gene of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus isolates in southwest China from 2007 to 2009

To gain insight into the molecular epidemiology and possible mechanisms of genetic variation of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) in Yunnan Province of China, the ORF5 gene of 32 PRRSV isolates from clinical samples collected from 2007 to 2009 were sequenced and analyzed. Nucleotide and amino acid analyses were carried out on 32 isolates and representative strains of the North American genotype, European genotype and two representative Chinese isolates. Results revealed that these isolates share 86.9-99.0% nucleotide and 87.5-98.0% amino acid identity with VR-2332 the prototypical North American PRRSV, 61.7-62.9% and 54.3-57.8% with Lelystad virus (LV) the representative strain of European genotype, 91.2-95.4% and 90.0-94.5% with CH-1a that was isolated in mainland China in 1996, 88.1-99.3% and 85.5-99.0% with JX-A1 the representative strain of High pathogenic PRRSV in China, and 86.2-99.8% and 85.5-100.0% between isolated strains of different years, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that all 32 PRRSV isolates belonged to the North American genotype and were further divided into two different subgenotypes. Subgenotype 1 comprised twenty two Yunnan isolates which divided into two branches. Subgenotype 2 comprised ten isolates which closely related to the RespPRRS vaccine and its parent strain VR-2332. The functional domains of GP5 such as the signal peptide, ectodomain, transmembrane regions and endodomain were identified and some motifs in GP5 with known functions, such as primary neutralizing epitope (PNE) and decoy epitope were also further analyzed. Our study shown the great genetic diversity of PRRSV in southwest China, rendering the guide for control and prevention of this disease.     

高致病性猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒TJ株致弱过程中遗传变异和致病性分析

为了研制高致病性猪繁殖与呼吸综合征(HP-PRRS)弱毒疫苗,将高致病性猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(HP-PRRSV)TJ株进行了致弱驯化,在Marc-145细胞上对其进行了连续传代,每5～10代进行噬斑克隆纯化病毒。对致弱过程中不同代次病毒进行遗传变异及致病性分析。结果表明,TJ株在致弱过程中各基因均存在不同程度的变异,至第140代,共有58个氨基酸发生突变,同时在非结构蛋白nsp2区域,在不连续的30个氨基酸缺失(481位和533～561位)之后又出现连续120个氨基酸的缺失,与VR-2332相比,该缺失位点位于推定氨基酸序列的628～747位。动物接种试验结果表明,TJ株经Marc-145细胞传至第20代时,病毒对猪的致病性明显减弱,推测TJ株在这一传代过程中非结构蛋白nsp2-nsp5、nsp7和结构蛋白GP5所发生的遗传变异对病毒毒力致弱起到一定作用。     

Protection against Pseudomonas aeruginosa lung infection in mice by recombinant OprF-pulsed dendritic cell immunization

Background

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) has now been widely recognized as an economically important disease. The objective of this study was to compare the molecular and biological characteristics of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) field isolates in China to those of the modified live virus (MLV) PRRS vaccine and its parent strain (ATCC VR2332).

Results

Five genes (GP2, GP3, GP4, GP5 and NSP2) of seven isolates of PRRSV from China, designated LS-4, HM-1, HQ-5, HQ-6, GC-2, GCH-3 and ST-7/2008, were sequenced and analyzed. Phylogenetic analyses based on the nucleotide sequence of the ORF2-5 and NSP2 showed that the seven Chinese isolates belonged to the same genetic subgroup and were related to the North American PRRSV genotype. Comparative analysis with the relevant sequences of another Chinese isolate (BJ-4) and North American (VR2332 and MLV) viruses revealed that these isolates have 80.8-92.9% homology with VR-2332, and 81.3-98.8% identity with MLV and 80.7-92.9% with BJ-4. All Nsp2 nonstructural protein of these seven isolates exhibited variations (a 29 amino acids deletion) in comparison with other North American PRRSV isolates. Therefore, these isolates were novel strain with unique amino acid composition. However, they all share more than 97% identity with other highly pathogenic Chinese PRRSV strains. Additionally, there are extensive amino acid (aa) mutations in the GP5 protein and the Nsp2 protein when compared with the previous isolates.

Conclusions

These results might be useful to study the genetic diversity of PRRSV in China and to track the infection sources as well as for vaccines development.     

Molecular characterization of ORFs 2 to 7 of Korean porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (CA) and its protein expression by recombinant baculoviruses

To determine the characteristics of the Korean porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), CA, which was isolated from the serum of an infected pig in 2006, we investigated the nucleotide sequence and expression of the structural ORFs (ORFs 2 to 7) using the bApGOZA system. We found that the structural ORFs 2 to 7 of CA consisted of 3188 nucleotides that were the same as those formed from VR-2332. Comparison of the CA with the other strains revealed nucleotide sequence identity ranging from 89.8 to 99.5%. To better understand the genetic relationships between other strains, phylogenetic analyses were performed. The CA strain was closely related to the other North American genotype strains but formed a distinct branch with high bootstrap support. Additionally, expression levels of the PRRSV proteins in insect cells were strong or partially weak. The results of this study have implications for both the taxonomy of PRRSV and vaccine development.     

猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒核衣壳蛋白基因的克隆与原核表达研究

采用RT—PCR方法自猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒基因组分离出核衣壳蛋白基因(ofr7),克隆到pMDl8—T载体构建成重组质粒pMDl8N并进行测序比较,结果表明,所克隆的核衣壳蛋白基因序列与PRRSV美洲型ATCCVR—2332株的同源性为100％,表明ofr7是PRRSV基因组内很保守的序列;将ofr7亚克隆到原核表达载体pGEX—KG,构建成重组质粒pGEX—KGN,用pGEX—KGN转化表达菌株BL21,经SDS—PAGE和Western-blot分析表明：克隆在谷胱苷肽转移酶(Glutathione S-transferase(GST)下游的核衣壳蛋白基因与GST获得了高效融合表达,表达的融合蛋白GST—N分子量约为41kDa,并且有免疫学反应活性;这为猪繁殖与呼吸综合征的血清学诊断方法的建立打下了基础。     

PCR检测伪狂犬病病毒DNA

 根据伪狂犬病病毒 (PRV)gB基因的序列 ,设计并合成了一对引物 ,以闽A株细胞培养毒为模板 ,筛选最佳反应条件 ,建立了检测PRV的PCR方法 应用该方法对Fb、Bartha、BJ、GD、V2F4、S、S3、SR、Buk、Shope、Norden、MinkⅢ、HB、F8、F9、F12等毒株的细胞培养液进行基因扩增 ,均获得了分子量为 2 81bp的特异性目的DNA片段 ,而对Vero细胞与FMDV、SVDV、HCV、PRRSV、JEV、PPV等病毒进行检测 ,结果均为阴性 ,没有出现交叉反应 对PRV毒株扩增的产物测序 ,结果序列与文献报道一致 ,证明PCR扩增产物和方法的特异性 对 1994～ 2 0 0 0年期间送检的临床样品和保存的PRV毒种 ,用病毒分离、双抗体夹心ELISA和PCR等 3种方法进行检测 ,结果前 2种方法检测为阳性的 ,PCR检测均为阳性 ;PCR检测为阴性 ,前 2种方法检测也为阴性 ;可是 ,前 2种方法检测为阴性的 ,PCR却检测出部分阳性 ;经x2 检验 ,证明PCR检出率明显高于前 2种方法的检出率 对PRV闽A株细胞毒提取物DNA进行检测 ,其最低检出量为 15 8pg 对 1999～ 2 0 0 0年期间广东、福建、海南等省的 31个大中型猪场送检的 191份病料进行检测 .结果病料阳性率为 2 6 2 % ( 50 191) ,猪场阳性率为 71% ( 2 2 31) 实验结果表明 ,所建立的PCR技术可用于伪狂犬病的快速诊断