白杨天社蛾Melalopha anachoreta Fabricius的生活史和防治研究简报

白杨天社蛾在1958—1959年盛发于西安郊区,受害的植物有美国白杨Populus pyra-mitalis Borkh.,加拿大白杨 P.canadensis Moench.,笔杆杨 P.nigra L.var.italicaMuenchh.,小叶杨 P.cathayana Rehd.,毛白杨 P.tomentosa Carr.,青杨(河杨)P.     

柳天蛾的生活习性观察

柳天蛾(Smerinthus planus Walker)在西安地区发现的寄主植物有:美国白杨(Populuspyramitalis Borth)、加拿大白杨(P.canadensis Moench)、毛白杨(P.tomentosa(Carr.))、钻天杨(P.nigra L.)、旱柳(Salix matsudana Koidz.)、河柳(S.glandulosa Seem.)、龙爪柳(S.matsudana Koidz.var.tortuosa Rehd.)。此外,还为害苹果(Malus pumila Mill.)、桃(Prunus persica Batsch.)等果树。柳天蛾在国内分布于东北、内蒙、河北、河南、江苏、陕西、甘肃、华中、华南等地。     

木本植物花药培养的进展

近十年来,已从木本植物的8个科、9个属、约23 个种中获得了单倍体植株,它们是：茄科的滨黎叶拘祀 (Lycium halimifolzum Mill.)^[33],宁夏拘祀(L. barbarum L.)t'3拘祀(L. chinense Mill.)^[2]。杨柳科的 黑杨（Populus nigra L. )[33,小叶杨X黑杨（P. simonit Carr. X P. nigra L.),大青杨（P. ussuriensis Komar. )^[32],加拿大白杨X香杨（P. canadensis Moench X P. koreana Rehd.),哈青杨X钻天杨(P. harbinensis Wang et Skv. X P. pyramidalis Roz.)^[4],银白杨X小 叶杨（P. albs L. X P. simonii Carr.)^[5],中东杨（P. berolinensis Dipp. ),中东杨X钻夭杨(P. berolinensis Dipp. X P. pyramidalis Roz. ),小青杨（P. pseudo-simonii Kitagawa.)^[6],小青杨X钻天杨（P. pseudo-stmonzi Kitagawa. X P. pyramidalis Roz.)^[5],小叶杨（P. simonii Carr.) M,胡杨（P. euphratica Oliv. )^[7][8]。芸香科的权 壳（Poncirus trifolata (L.) Raf.)^[25], 柑桔（Citrus microcarpa Bge.)^[9] 葡萄科的葡萄(Vitis vinifera L.)^[10]蔷薇科苹果属的揪子（Malus pruni f olia (Wi- 11d.) Borkh.)^[11]以及苹果（Malus pumilea Mill.)^[12]。七叶树科的欧洲七叶树（Aesculus hippocastanum L.)^[30] 无患子科的荔枝（Litchi chinensis Sonn.)^[13]。此外,在 我国已从杉木花药培养获得小植株^[14],油茶也已从花 药愈伤组织分化出绿芽点^[15]。     

青杨天牛(Saperda populnea L.)的初步研究

杨树是河南平原地区和西部山地造林的重要速生树种。近几年来由于青杨天牛的危害,已成为植树造林的严重威胁。根据1962年在郑州地区的调查,幼树被害株率达90％以上;枝梢被害率达8.4％左右。 青杨天牛分布于河南的郑州、开封、灵宝、洛阳、南阳、信阳、确山及北京等地。寄主发现有美杨(Populuspyramitalis Borkh)、毛白杨(P.tomentosa Carr.)、小叶     

毛白杨五新变种

长苞毛白杨新变种图1,图6—1 Populus tomentosa Carr. var. longibracteata Z.Y.Yu et T.Z.Zhang, var.nov. A typo varietatis recedit bracteis longiellipticis, majoribus, circiter 8-9mm longis, incisuris non profundis. Shaanxi. Xian alt. 485m, 1eg.T.Z.Zhang 3599 (folium) Ⅶ. 21. 1985; id. 8799. (inflorescentia) Ⅲ. 3. 1987 (Typus! in Herb. N.-W. Inst. Bot. conservatus; growing specimen in Huxian Nursery).     

杨细蛾的初步研究

<正> 杨细蛾Lithoclletis populifoliella Trietschke主要分布在额尔齐斯河和乌伦古河流域的河谷林区,在伊犁地区也有发生。主要为害额河杨Populus laurifolia Ledeb X P.nigra L.、欧洲黑杨P.nigra L.、苦杨P.laurifolia Ledeb.、     

厚朴一新变种

发表了中国厚朴一新变种,即无毛厚朴(Magnolia officinalis Rehd. &; Wils. var. glabra D. L. Fu, T. B. Zhao et H. T. Dai, var. nov.)。该变种幼枝、托叶、顶叶芽、混合芽、花蕾和花梗均无毛。     

毛白杨CCoAOMT cDNA片段的克隆与转基因杨木质素含量的调控

用RT_PCR方法从毛白杨 (PopulustomentosaCarr.)中克隆了CCoAOMT基因的cDNA片段 ,并对其序列进行了分析。Northern杂交表明该基因在毛白杨正在木质化的次生木质部高水平表达 ,且与木质化进程同步。构建了该基因反义表达载体 ,根癌土壤杆菌 (Agrobacteriumtumefaciens (SmithetTownsend)Conn)介导转化杂交杨 (欧洲山杨×银白杨 ,P .tremula×P .alba)。采用PCR、PCR_Southern及Southern杂交对获得的转基因植株进行分子检测 ,并测定移栽 5～ 6个月的转基因植株的Klason木质素含量 ,其中一个转基因株系的Klason木质素含量比未转基因对照杨树下降 17.9%。结果表明利用反义RNA技术对杨树CCoAOMT基因的表达可以降低转基因植株的木质素含量 ,达到改善其造纸性能的目的     

杨树根系浸提液对3种牧草种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响

采用不同浓度(3、10和30mg/mL)的南林95杨〔PopulusdeltoidsBartr.cv.Lux×P.euramericana(Dode)Guineircv.I 45/51〕和NL 80351杨(P.deltoidsBartr.cv.Lux×P.deltoidsBartr.cv.Harvard)根系浸提液,处理杨树 牧草复合经营系统中3种主要牧草种子,探讨杨树根系浸提液对牧草种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响。结果表明:南林95杨和NL 80351杨根系浸提液对3种牧草种子的萌发及幼苗的生长有一定影响。这2个无性系根系浸提液对紫花苜蓿(MedicagosativaL.)、白三叶(TrifoliumrepensL.)和杂交狼尾草(PennisetumalopecuroidesL.×P.americanumL.)的种子发芽率、幼苗高生长、根长生长及种子活力主要表现为抑制作用,在浓度较高时影响尤为明显;但2个无性系根系浸提液对白三叶的高生长(南林95杨30mg/mL除外)表现出一定的促进作用;在3mg/mL浓度时,2个无性系根系浸提液对白三叶的种子活力也有一定的促进作用。     

25S rDNA在杨属植物染色体上的定位

利用荧光原位杂交技术对杨属(Populus)植物五个组中二倍体(2n=2x=38)代表种:毛白杨(P.tomentosa)、箭杆杨(P.nigravar.thevestina)、大叶杨(P.lasiocarpa)、小青杨(P.pseudo-simonii)、胡杨(P.euphratica);以及所发现的白杨组和黑杨组天然三倍体(2n=3x=57):毛白杨(P.tomentosa)、武黑1号(P.euramericana cv.Wuhei-1)进行了25S rDNA的染色体定位。二倍体毛白杨、箭杆杨、小青杨和大叶杨都具有4个25S rDNA位点,而胡杨只有2个较大的25S rDNA定位于1对小的染色体上,白杨和黑杨天然三倍体的两个种各有6个25S rDNA位点。同时作者还将杨属植物25S rDNA的分布变化与常规核型分析结果进行了比较。     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Enterovirus 71 3C proteolytically processes the histone H3 N-terminal tail during infection

Highlights
1. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 is specifically cleaved during EV71 infection.
2. Viral protease 3C is identified as a protease responsible for proteolytically processing the N-terminal H3 tail.
3. Our finding reveals a new epigenetic regulatory mechanism for Enterovirus 71 in virus-host interactions.     

Detection of EBV and HHV6 in the Brain Tissue of Patients with Rasmussen’s Encephalitis

Rasmussen’s encephalitis (RE) is a rare pediatric neurological disorder, and the exact etiology is not clear. Viral infection may be involved in the pathogenesis of RE, but conflicting results have reported. In this study, we evaluated the expression of both Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human herpes virus (HHV) 6 antigens in brain sections from 30 patients with RE and 16 control individuals by immunohistochemistry. In the RE group, EBV and HHV6 antigens were detected in 56.7% (17/30) and 50% (15/30) of individuals, respectively. In contrast, no detectable EBV and HHV6 antigen expression was found in brain tissues of the control group. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in 20.0% (6/30) of individuals. In particular, a 4-year-old boy had a typical clinical course, including a medical history of viral encephalitis, intractable epilepsy, and hemispheric atrophy. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in neurons and astrocytes in the brain tissue, accompanied by a high frequency of CD8⁺ T cells. Our results suggest that EBV and HHV6 infection and the activation of CD8⁺ T cells are involved in the pathogenesis of RE.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.