松辽盆地西南部下三叠统及其孢粉组合

本文对松辽平原西南部开鲁盆地哲中坳陷中的八仙筒凹陷和奈曼凹陷的参数井所揭露的地层及其孢粉化石进行了系统的分析和研究。该参数井揭露出的下三叠统哈达陶勒盖组,按岩性及其孢粉组合特征划分为下、上两段。下段孢粉以Calamospora -Lundbladispora-Alisporites组合为代表;上段孢粉以Verrucosisporites -Lundbladis pora -Chordas porites组合为代表。时代为早三叠世。     

渤海湾盆地南堡凹陷始新世—渐新世孢粉、藻类与地层对比

南堡凹陷是位于渤海湾盆地黄骅坳陷北部的小型构造单元。为深入研究南堡凹陷古近纪孢粉组合,采集了Gp1和Np288等七口钻井样品。经传统酸、碱处理法获得孢粉化石,并在研究区古近系地层中划分出六个孢粉亚组合:沙三段4亚段的Ephedripites-Taxodiaceaepollenites-Ulmoideipites tricostatus-Pterisisporites属于始新世鲁特期、沙三段1—3亚段的Quercoidites microhenrici-Ulmipollenites minor属于始新世中晚期、沙二段的Ephedripites-Rutaceoipollis-Meliaceoidites与沙一段的Quercoidites-Meliaceoidites属于渐新世早期、东二段与东三段的Ulmipollenites undulosus-Piceaepollenites-Tsugaepollenites与东一段的Juglandaceae-Celtispollenites属于渐新世中晚期。研究区古近纪孢粉组合与黄骅坳陷中北区及滩海地区的孢粉组合可以形成良好对比,并且研究区局部出现的沙三段4、5亚段与渤海湾盆地普遍出现的沙河街组四段上部为同一时期的产物。     

俄罗斯阿穆尔河东部上泽亚坳陷始新统孢粉

报道一个产于上泽亚(Uupper Zeya)坳陷(东经129-130°,北纬54-55°)东南部,保存良好的化石孢粉植物群.孢粉组合中裸子植物花粉居统治地位,占总数的53.4%,其中Taxodiaceae占36.3%,松科仅占5%.被子植物花粉占39.9%,多为葇荑花序类,如胡桃科、桦木科、山毛榉科等;同时还有不少反映温暖气候的分子,如Liquidambar,Balsaminaceae,Magnoliaceae,Nyssaceae等.孢子植物占21%.这样的孢粉植物群代表了潮湿温暖的温带气候.孢粉学至今在坳陷区内仍是人们用以确定地层时代的唯一依据.Pistillipollenites macgregorii,Anacolosiditessuplingensis,Ulmoideipites tricostatus及U. crempii等的出现可以确定含孢粉地层的地质时代属于中-晚始新世.斯涅日诺戈斯克产煤区中晚始新世沉积中的孢粉层位与普里阿姆尔耶,雅库提亚和亚洲东北部的同期沉积相当.     

东海陆架西南部台北坳陷古近纪孢粉植物群的时空分布

详细叙述东海陆架西南部台北坳陷古近纪不同凹陷区各时期孢粉植物群展布情况。区内古近纪孢粉植物群可分为早古新世、晚古新世、早始新世和中始新世4个发育阶段,早古新世孢粉植物群仅见于坳陷西南的局部地区,称Abietineaepollenities/Cedripites-Parcisporites-Momipites leffingwellii组合,晚古新世孢粉植物群分4种类型,椒江凹陷称Taxodiaceaepollenites-Engelhardtioidites-Momipites leffingwellii组合,丽水-福州凹陷称Taxodiacenepollenites-Myricaceoipollenites-Momipites leffingwellii组合,闽江凹陷南部称Taxodiaceaepollenites-Momipites leffingwellii组合,闽江册陷北部称Lygodiumsporites-Cicatricosisporites dorogensis-Tiliaepollenites-Bombacacidites组合。早始新世孢粉植物群具南北差异,北部以海金沙科和椴科孢粉植物发育为特征,南部以海金沙科、椴科和杨海科孢粉植物群发育为特征,以上均指示为湿热的亚热带气候。中始新世本区孢粉植物群比较一致,称Cicatricosisporties dorogensis-Ephedripites(D)-Nitrariadites组合,指示为受到干旱气候影响的亚热带气候。区内缺失渐新统,故无渐新世孢粉记录。     

新疆吐哈盆地北缘黄山街组孢粉组合

新疆鄯照壁山沟口和柯柯亚剖面黄山街组的孢粉化石,经研究,共有52属77种。命名为Dictyophylli-dites-Aratrisporites-Parataeniaesporites组合（简称DAP组合）。根据组合主要分子的已知时代分布、含量高低变化,以及与有关已知时代孢粉组合进行对比,鉴定其地质时代为晚三叠世早中期。根据孢粉组合恢复古植被,反映当时的气候为温暖潮湿的温带类型。     

塔里木盆地库车坳陷中侏罗统的一些双壳类

系统描述库车坳陷中侏罗统的双壳类3 属4 种。根据双壳类Kija铰合构造变异范围的研究,认为Acyrena、Pseudocardinia、Jiangxiella、Apseudocardinia、Hunanella、Yananoconcha、Hamiconcha和Fengjiachonia都是Kija 的同物异名。库车坳陷中侏罗统的双壳类化石属于Lamprotula (Eolamprotula) cremeri Kija (=Pseudocardinia) kweichouensis动物群,分为Kija ovalis K. kweichouensis和Lamprotula (Eolamprotula) guan gyuanensis Margaritifera? cf. isfarensis两个化石组合。Kija ovalis K. kweichouensis组合产于克孜勒努尔组和恰克马克组下部,时代为中侏罗世早期,可能主要为阿林期至巴柔期;Lamprotula (Eolamprotula) guangyuanen sis Margaritifera? cf. isfarensis组合主要分布于恰克马克组中上部,时代为中侏罗世晚期,可能主要为巴通期至卡洛夫期。     

新疆鄯善照壁山克拉玛依组孢粉组合

本文研究了新疆鄯善照壁山沟口克拉玛依组顶部的孢粉化石,共鉴定孢粉４６属７０种,命名为Ｐｕｎｃｔａｔｉｓｐｏｒｉｔｅｓ－Ａｒａｔｒｉｓｐｏｒｉｔｅｓ－Ｔａｅｎｉａｅｓｐｏｒｉｔｅｓ－Ｐａｒａｔａｅｎｉａｅｓｐｏｒｉｔｅｓ组合。根据组合主要分子的时限及其含量变化,以及与有关已知时代孢粉组合进行对比,鉴定其其他质时代为中三叠世。根据孢粉植物群反映当时为温湿的气候特征。     

河南南部早白垩世孢粉组合

一、前言本文主要论述了河南南部谭楼组中所发现的孢粉化石。在鉴定过程中共统计了66属90余种,其中包括了一个新种。根据孢子花粉属、种的垂直分布,自上而下可分为两个孢粉组合:上部为Piceaepollenites-Classopollis-Cicatricosisporites组合;下部为Classopollis-Piceaepollenites-Schizaeoisporites组合。根据孢粉组合特征,初步认为其地质时代为早白垩世。     

重庆合川地区晚三叠世须家河组孢粉组合北大核心CSCD

四川盆地南部重庆合川炭坝剖面须家河组中发现丰富的孢粉化石,共计73属150种,其中包括蕨类植物孢子41属89种,裸子植物花粉29属56种,苔藓植物孢子1属3种,藻类化石2属2种。建立一个孢粉组合,命名为Dictyophyllidites-Lunzisporites-Chasmatosporites组合(简称DLC组合),并进一步分为下亚组合和上亚组合。根据孢粉组合内一些重要分子的地质时代延限及与国内外有关孢粉组合的对比,确定其地质时代为晚三叠世晚期,相当于诺利期—瑞替期(Norian—Rhaetian),并且倾向于瑞替期(Rhaetian)。     

新疆准噶尔盆地东部覆盖区锅底坑组的发现及其化石证据

本文对准噶尔盆地东部CS-1井1 082—1 126m井段10块样品中所含孢粉和大孢子化石进行了比较系统的分析研究,共获得孢粉化石68属114种,以及少量大孢子化石,并建立Limatulasporites fossulatus-Klausipollenites schaubergeri孢粉组合,组合以Limatulasporites fossulatus和Kraeuselisporites spinullous比较发育,并见有Klausipollenites schaubergeri,Lundbladispora和Welwitschipollenites clarus等为主要特征。根据孢粉组合特征和大孢子化石的分布规律,详细讨论了含化石井段地层的时代及层位,认为该段地层的时代为晚二叠世晚期至早三叠世早期,层位为锅底坑组。     

The Pliocene Sporo-Pollen Assemblage of Huang Hun in Hebei Plain and its Significance in Palaeobotany and Palaeogeography

An Early Pliocene pollen assemblage from Huang-Hua is situated in the east part of Hebei Plain. The pollen assemblage which has been studied is a basis of considering the plant development of that period. The pollen assemblage shows an aspect of deciduous forest appearance and a concept of "warm-temperate" climate then. The flora is dominated by Ulmus, Quercus and Carya, and some temperate elements such as Abies, Picea, Pinus, Salix, Betula, Carpinus, Juglans, Acer and Tilia are the obvious generally. Except Carya, the subtropical elements: Podocarpus, Keteleeria, Tsuga, Pterocarya, Liquidambar, Hamamelis, Fothergilla and Xanthoxylum are the conspicuous elements in the assemblage, too. However herbs espicially Compositae become more abundant. It is clear that some tropical and subtropical elements such as Proteaceae, Nyssaceae Myrtaceae, Sympolocaceae etc. which were prevalent in early Tertiary are entirely lacking. Owing to the lack of Taxodiaceae instead by Pinaeeae and there are some genus of Composite and Tricoporite rugulates in the assemblage. It is more likely to be early Pliocene period. The assemblage expressed a transitional stage of plants from subtropical to tem- perate zones.     

辽西早白垩世义县组Ruffordia和Nageiopsis的发现及其地层意义

报道辽西义县组两种颇具地层意义的植物化石。Ruffordia goeppertii(Dunker)Seward和Nageiopsis exgr.samioides(Fontaine)berry,根据植物化石认为义县组的时代应属于早白垩世。     

Petroleum Sporo-Pollen Assemblages and Oil Source Rock of Yumen Oil bearing Region in Gansu

Twenty-six species (or forms) of fossil pollen and spores referred to 24 genera extracted from the crude oil samples collected from the Yumen oil-bearing region in West Gansu are observed and the definition of the petroleum sporo-pollen assemblage is given by the authors. On the basis of palynological investigation, the oil source rock of this oil-bearing region is tentatively discussed in this paper. The fossil pollen and spores found from the Tertiary petroleum in this region may be divided into two groups, because they are extremely different in fossilized state. The group of spores and pollen with higher fossilized state is mainly consisted of Schizaeoisporites zizyphinus, Gibotiumspora paradoxa, Monosulcites minimus and Bennettiteaepollenites sp. The other group comprises Pinus, Picea, Ephedra, Potamogeton, Lilium, Ulmus, Chenopodium, Nymphaea, Eutrema, Lens, Nitraria, Tamarix, Achillea, Artemisia, Solidago, Bidens, Graminidites, Cypheraceaepollis, etc. The above mentioned petroleum sporo-pollen assemblage of the tertiary oil reservoir rock is a gathering of fossil pollen and spores brought from the Lower Cretaceous deposits and the tertiary deposits respectively. The appearance of the Early Cretaceous pollen and spores bearing in the black shales of the Lower Xinminbu Formation in the tertiary petroleum may be considered to be a result of petroleum migration. And it reflects that the oil source rock might belong to Early Cretaceous Series. The fossil pollen and spores extracted from the Early Cretaceous petroleum in this region contain merely Schizaeoisporites zizyphinus, Monosulcites minimus, Bennettiteaepollenites sp., Psophosphaera, etc. The tertiary pollen and spores are completely absent there. So it indicates that both the oil source rock and the oil reservoir rock should belong to the fossil-bearing Lower Xinminbu Formation. In addition, there are some pollen of Monosulcites and Psophosphaera in the petroleum reserved in the fissures of the Silurian metamorphic rock. They are also probably brought from the Lower Xinminbu Formation by oil and gas in the process of their migration. In any case, judging from the pollen and spores found from the crude oil, the oil source rock of this oil-bearing region is deduced to be the black shales of the Lower Xinminbu Formation referred to as Early Cretaceous Epoch.     

辽西义县组孢粉植物群指示的古气候条件

迄今为止,在辽西北票义县地区的下白垩统义县组二段沉积层中,已发现孢粉化石62属,82种,藻类化石3种。本文对产于不同地点沉积层中的孢粉化石进行了系统研究和总结。根据孢粉母体植物形态和生态特征、生长的气候环境和干湿度环境,对义县组二段的孢粉植物群进行了植被类型、气候带类型和干湿度类型的统计和划分,认为义县组二段沉积时期,其孢粉植被类型为针叶林,所处的气候环境为湿润的亚热带一暖温带。由于植被成分中存在落叶阔叶植物和旱生植物,推测气候环境存在季节性变化,间有干旱一半干旱气候条件。     

西北地区潮水盆地侏罗系青土井群轮藻化石

潮水盆地青土井群为一套含煤碎屑岩,在盆地东部潮参l井青土井群三段发育大量以Aclistochara占优势的轮藻化石群,其组合特征显示浓厚的晚侏罗世色彩。青土井群一、二段轮藻化石稀少,结合地层层序,推测其地质时代为早侏罗世。围岩沉积特征表明本井轮藻化石群为浅水生物群。     

天津张贵庄晚二叠世孢粉植物群

天津张贵庄SR13号钻孔原归为石盒子组的地层近顶部发现了丰富的孢粉化石,这一组合兼具上石盒子组和孙家沟组孢粉组合的特征。一方面,它与上石盒子组（特别是其上部）组合有不少共同分子,在蕨类孢子和裸子植物花粉（包括具肋花粉）的含量比例上也可以与之对比,但缺乏一些标志分子。另一方面,在属种组成上,当前组合与已知的孙家沟组合也颇可比较,而且出现了一些中生代色彩的分子。这一组合的揭示与研究有助于提高人们对华北晚二叠世晚期孢粉植物群特征的认识。依据当前组合与已知相关孢粉组合的对比讨论,将其时代定为晚二叠世,并倾向于晚二叠世晚期（对应于孙家沟组）。     

甘肃玉门旱峡早白垩世孢粉组合

本文研究了甘肃玉门旱峡沟口剖面下沟组,中沟组的孢粉化石,共鉴定孢粉３７属５３种;藻类化石２属２种。根据上孢粉化石建立了Ｃｉｃａｔｒｉｃｏｓｉｓｐｏｒｉｔｅｓ－Ｓｃｈｉｚａｅｏｉｓｐｏｒｉｔｅｓ－Ｃｌａｓｓｏｐｏｌｌｉｓ－Ｊｉａｏｈｅｐｏｌｌｉｓ组合,包括下亚组合,包括下晋组合（下沟组）和上亚组合（中沟组）。鉴定组合地质时代为Ｈａｕｔｅｒｉｖ－ｉａｎ－Ｂａｒｒｅｍｉａｎ。推测气候属于温暖湿润的亚热带     

中国白垩纪被子植物花粉的宏演化

根据中国白垩纪被子植物花粉产出记录与形态构造分析以及与世界其它地区产出顺序比较,假设中国白垩纪被子植物花粉的宏演化序列,共划分为１０个发育阶段,归于７个形态演化期：１）欧特里夫期至早巴列姆期的无口器类演化期（含：１：１网纹无口器粉发育阶段）;２）晚巴列姆至晚阿普梯期的单沟类演化期（含：２：１。棒纹粉发育阶段;２．２,星粉－棒纹粉发育阶段）;３）早,中阿尔必期的三沟类演化期（含：３．１,三沟粉类－星     

新疆准噶尔盆地东北缘孔雀坪剖面二叠纪金沟组孢粉组合及其地层意义

准噶尔盆地东北缘孔雀坪剖面金沟组孢粉组合中Protohaploxypinus,Striatoabieites等具肋双气囊花粉非常发育,类型丰富,达7属32种之多;Cordaitina,Zonalasporites等单气囊花粉分异度较高,但含量较低;少量出现单沟花粉、具肋纹花粉、无肋双气囊花粉和蕨类植物孢子等。所见孢粉类型中约1/2的已知种在新疆北部只见于二叠纪地层中,1/3已知种在晚石炭世至二叠纪地层中均可见到。孢粉组合特征与盆地南缘下二叠统塔什库拉组上部组合相似,地质时代为早二叠世空谷期。     

Early Cretaceous Palynofloras from Tarim Basin,Xinjiang

One hundred and eight species of fossil spores and pollen referred to 55 genera found from the Lower Cretaceous Kapushaliang (Kizilsu) Group in the Tarim Basin of Xinjiang have been studied in this paper. The Kapushaliang Group may be divided into the Yageliemu Formation, the Shushanhe Formation and Baxigai Formation in ascending order. The Yageliemu palynoflora is characterized by the predominance of gymnospermous pollen, the relative abundance of pteridophytic spores and the absence of angiospermous pollen. Coniferae is dominant, while Lygodiaceae and Schizaeaceae are important in the flora. The most common species of palynomorphs are Todisporites minor, Cicatricosisporites dorogensis, C. australiensis, Lygodiumsporites subsimplex, Schizaeoisporites cretacius, S. zizyphinus, S. certus. Cibotiumspora paradoxa, Cyathidites australis, C. minor, Biretisporites potoniael, Cycadopites minimus, Pseudowalchia hiangulina, Parvisaccites radiatus, Podocarpidites multesimus, P. canadensis, Alisporites bilateralis, Cedripites cretaceus, C. canadenris, Abietineaepollenites microalatus, Clarsopollis classoides, C annulatus, C. xinjiangensis (sp. nov.), Ephedripites multicostatus, E. tarimensis (sp. nov.), etc . The palynoflora is comparable with those of the lower part of the Lower Xinminbu Formation in northwestern China and the lower part of the Lower Mannville Formation in western Canada, which is considered corresponding from Berriasian to Valanginian in age. The Shushanhe palynoflora is also characterized by dominance of gymnosperms and subdominance of pteridophyta. Some primitive angiospermons pollen grains are found in the upper part of the formation. In addition to the most common species of the above mentioned palynoflora, the important species in the present palynoflora comprise Cicatricosisporites potomacensis, C. orbiculatus, C. subrotundus, Concavissimisporites punctatus, C. verrucosus, C. globosus, lmpardecispora apiverrucata, Trilobosporites crassus, T. trioreticulosus, Pilosisporites verus, P. trichopapillosus, Klukisporites pseudoreticulatus, Verrucosisporites obscurilaesuratur, Converrucosisporites saskatchewanensis, Foraminisporis wonthaggiensis, Cingulatisporites valdensis, C. ruginosus, Jiaohepollis verus, Pityosporites constrictus, etc. More than 40 in dicative species of Early Cretaceous occur in the assemblage. The palynoflora compares clcsely with those of the middle part of the Lower Xinminbu Formation and the Quartz Sand Member of the Lower Mannville Formatton. It is suggested that the Shushanhe Formation should belong to Hauterivian of Barremian in age. The Baxigai palynoflora is basically similar to the Shushanhe palynoflora. But the palynoflora shows an obvious increase in abundance of lygodiaceous spores and angiospermous pollen accompanied by a great reduction of Classopollis and Ephedripltes. Most of the Early Cretaceous species occurring in the above mentioned palynofloras are present. In addition, some Cretaceous species recorded from Aptian and Albian Stages in Europe, North America and Australia, such as Trilobosporites tribotrys, T. trioreticulosus, Coptospora paradoxa, Camarozonosporites insignis, Crybelosporites punctatus, etc., appear in the assemblage. In comparison with the microfloras of the upper part of the Lower Xinminbu Formation, the Upper Mannville Formation and the lower part of the Lower Colorado Group, the Baxigai Forma- tion should be referred to Aptian to Albian in age. Judging from the palynofloras, the early Cretaceous palaeoclimate in the basin should belong to the arid or semi-arid type of the subtropic zone. However, from Barremtan through Albian the climatic conditions might appear relatively wet.