猪肌细胞生成素基因对部分生长性状的影响

采用PCR-SSCP方法对长白猪、大白猪、杜洛克猪、山西黑猪和马身猪的肌细胞生成素（Myogenin,简称MyoG）基因进行单核苷酸多态性检测,并分析MyoG基因对猪的初生重、断奶重、6月龄重和背膘厚的影响。根据猪MyoG基因的DNA序列设计10对引物,发现In2-3引物扩增的片段有多态性。统计结果发现,3种基因型（AA、AB、BB）在各品种中的分布不一致。χ^2独立性检验表明,基因型频率在外来猪种（长白猪、大白猪、杜洛克猪）与地方猪种（山西黑猪、马身猪）间存在显著差异（P〈0．05）。固定效应模型分析结果表明,初生重和背膘厚基因型间差异显著（P〈0．05）,而断奶重和6月龄重基因型间差异不显著（P〉0．05）。最小二乘分析结果表明,BB基因型与其他两种基因型比较有较小的初生重,同AA和AB型比较差异极显著（P〈0．01）,3种基因型在初生重的大小排列顺序为AA〉AB〉BB;AA基因型与其他两种基因型比较有较小的背膘厚,同AB和BB型比较差异极显著（P〈0．01）,3种基因型在背膘厚的大小排列顺序为AA〈AB〈BB。因此,推测基因型对个体的初生重和胴体瘦肉率存在一定的影响,选择带有A等位基因的个体有望提高个体的初生重和胴体的瘦肉率。     

猪激素敏感脂肪酶基因外显子1的遗传多态性分析

采用PCR-SSCP方法检测猪激素敏感脂肪酶（hormone sensitive lipase,HSL）基因外显子1的多态性,并分析其与初生重、断奶重、6月龄重和背膘厚的关联性。根据猪HSL基因的DNA序列（AJ000483）设计5对引物,结果在P5引物对扩增的片段上发现了多态性,并对纯合子进行测序,发现外显子1的874bp处存在G-A转换,且存在3种基因型（AA、AB、BB）。统计结果表明,3种基因型在各品种中的分布不一致,长白猪和大白猪与莱芜猪和沂蒙黑猪比较差异极显著（P〈0．01）,长白猪与大白猪比较,莱芜猪与沂蒙黑猪比较差异均不显著（P〉0．05）。固定效应模型分析结果表明,背膘厚基因型间差异显著（P〈0．05）,而初生重、断奶重和6月龄重基因型间差异均不显著（P〉0．05）。最小二乘分析结果表明,BB基因型个体同AB和AA基因型个体比较背膘厚的差异显著（P〈0．05）,3种基因型在背膘厚的大小排列顺序为BB〈AB〈AA。因此,推测HSL基因对个体胴体瘦肉率存在一定的影响将HSL某因应用于猪育种过程中的标记辅助选择可以加快猪的育种进程。     

猪IGF-Ⅰ基因的一个遗传多态性及其遗传效应分析

采用PCR-SSCP方法对长白猪(87头)、大白猪(79头)和马身猪(102头)的胰岛素样生长因子-Ⅰ(IGF-Ⅰ)基因外显子3和外显子4分别进行单核苷酸多态性分析.发现外显子3上有多态性,且存在3种基因型(AA、AB、BB).统计结果表明,3种基因型在各品种中的分布不一致,多重比较差异极显著(P＜0.01).固定效应模型分析结果表明,背膘厚基因型间差异显著(P＜0.05),而初生重、断奶重和6月龄重基因型间差异不显著(P＞0.05).最小二乘分析结果表明,BB基因型与其它2种基因型比较有较大的初生重,同AA和AB型比较差异极显著(P＜0.01),3种基因型在初生重的大小排列顺序为AA＜AB＜BB;BB基因型与AA基因型比较有较小的背膘厚,且差异极显著(P＜0.01).因此,推测IGF-Ⅰ基因对个体的初生重和胴体瘦肉率存在一定的影响.选择带有B等位基因的个体,有望提高个体的初生重和胴体的瘦肉率.     

猪IGF2基因的遗传多态性及其遗传效应分析

采用PCR-SSCP方法检测胰岛素样生长因子2 (insulin-like growth factor 2, IGF2)基因外显子7, 8, 9的多态性, 并分析其对初生重、断奶重、6月龄重和6月龄背膘厚的遗传效应。根据猪IGF2基因的DNA序列(AY044828)设计3对引物, 结果在Ex8引物对扩增的片段上发现了多态性, 并对纯合子进行测序, 发现exon8的53位存在C→T转换, 且检测到3种基因型(AA、AB、BB)。统计结果表明, 3种基因型在各品种中的分布不一致, 长白猪与大白猪比较, 莱芜猪与大薄莲猪比较, 沂蒙黑猪和里岔黑猪比较差异不显著(P > 0.05); 其他猪种间基因型分布的差异均显著(P < 0.01)。固定效应模型分析结果表明, 初生重和6月龄背膘厚基因型间差异显著(P < 0.05), 而断奶重和6月龄重基因型间差异不显著(P > 0.05)。最小二乘分析结果表明, BB基因型个体同AA和AB基因型个体比较初生重的差异显著(P < 0.05), 3种基因型在初生重的大小排列顺序为AB > AA > BB; AA基因型个体同AB和BB基因型个体比较6月龄背膘厚的差异显著(P < 0.05), 3种基因型在6月龄背膘厚的大小排列顺序为BB > AB > AA。因此, 推测IGF2基因对个体的初生重和胴体瘦肉率存在一定的影响, 将IGF2基因应用于猪育种过程中的标记辅助选择可以加快猪的育种进程。     

猪IGF2基因外显子4b的遗传多态性及其遗传效应

采用PCR-SSCP方法检测猪胰岛素样生长因子2(insulin-like growth factor 2,IGF2)基因外显子4b的多态性,并分析其对初生重、断奶重、6月龄重和背膘厚的遗传效应。根据猪IGF2基因的DNA序列(AY044828)设计引物,在exon4b上发现了一个多态性位点,并对纯合子进行测序,发现13位C→A转换,且存在3种基因型(AA、AB、BB)。统计结果表明,3种基因型在各品种中的分布不一致,长白猪与大白猪比较,莱芜猪与大薄莲猪比较,沂蒙黑猪和里岔黑猪比较差异不显著(P>0.05);其他猪种间基因型分布的差异均显著(P<0.05)。固定效应模型分析结果表明,初生重,断奶重和背膘厚基因型间差异显著(P<0.05),而6月龄重基因型间差异不显著(P>0.05)。最小二乘分析结果表明,BB基因型个体同AA和AB、基因型个体比较初生重和断奶重的差异显著(P<0.05),3种基因型在初生重和断奶重的大小排列顺序为AA>AB>BB;AA基因型个体同AB和BB基因型个体比较背膘厚的差异显著(P<0.05),3种基因型在背膘厚的大小排列顺序为BB>AB>AA。因此,推测IGF2基因对个体的生长速度和胴体瘦肉率存在一定的影响,将IGF2基因应用于猪育种过程中的标记辅助选择可以加快猪的育种进程。     

猪IGF-I基因的一个遗传多态性及其遗传效应分析

采用PCR-SSCP方法对长白猪（87头）、大白猪（79头）和马身猪（102头）的胰岛素样生长因子-I（IGF-I）基因exon3和exon4分别进行单核苷酸多态性分析。发现exon3上有多态性,且存在3种基因型（AA、AB、BB）。统计结果表明,3种基因型在各品种中的分布不一致,多重比较差异极显著（P<0.01）。固定效应模型分析结果表明,背膘厚基因型间差异显著（P<0.05）,而初生重、断奶重和6月龄重基因型间差异不显著（P>0.05）。最小二乘分析结果表明,BB基因型与其它2种基因型比较有较大的初生重,同AA和AB型比较差异极显著（P<0.01）,3种基因型在初生重的大小排列顺序为AA相似文献   

猪MyoG基因内含子1的一个遗传多态性及其遗传效应分析

以长白猪(73),大白猪(68),沂蒙黑猪(57)和莱芜猪(83)为研究对象,采用PCR-SSCP方法 对猪MyoG基因遗传多态性进行分析,并研究基因型与初生重、日增重、肌肉嫩度和背膘厚的相关性.根据猪MyoG 基因的DNA序列（M14331）设计引物,结果在内含子1扩增的片段上发现了一个多态性,检测到2个等位基因(A、B),3种基因型（AA、AB、BB）,并对纯合子进行测序,发现2　943位G→C突变.基因型在不同猪种分布的多重比较,结果表明,大白猪与长白猪、沂蒙黑猪和莱芜猪比较差异显著（P<0.05）,莱芜猪与长白猪和沂蒙黑猪比较差异显著（P<0.05）,长白猪与沂蒙黑猪比较差异不显著（P>0.05）.固定效应模型分析结果表明,初生重及嫩度基因型间差异显著（P<0.01）,而日增重及背膘厚基因型间差异不显著（P>0.05）.最小二乘分析结果表明,BB基因型个体与AA基因型个体比较肌肉嫩度的差异显著（P<0.05）,AA基因型个体与AB和BB基因型个体比较背膘厚的差异显著（P<0.05）.因此,推测MyoG基因对猪肉品质、生长速度及背膘厚存在一定的影响,将 MyoG基因应用于猪育种过程中的标记辅助选择将可以改善猪肉品质,提高生长速度,加快猪的育种进程.     

猪UCP3基因部分编码区序列分析及其单核苷酸多态与胴体、肉质性状的遗传效应

以猪解耦联蛋白基因 3(UCP3)作为控制猪胴体与肉质性状主基因的候选基因。利用直接测序法对 4个品种猪骨骼肌中UCP3基因的部分编码区序列 (第 4外显子部分及第 5、6、7外显子全部片段 )进行比较分析 ,发现3个cSNP位点 ,其中ORF中第 84 2碱基的突变可导致相应编码氨基酸序列的改变 :甲硫氨酸→苏氨酸 ,选取此位点作为猪UCP3基因的多态位点。用PCR SSCP检测方法在 3个品种猪中进行该cSNP位点多态性片段的基因型分型 ,结果显示在 3个猪群中表现出 3种基因型 (AA、AB、BB) ,χ2 独立性检验结果表明 3种基因型在各品种间分布不一致 ,梅山猪同大白、长白猪分别比较差异极显著 (P <0 0 1) ;对大白×梅山资源家系F2 代 139头个体进行了该多态片段的基因型鉴定 ,并对其基因型与所检测个体相应的胴体、肉质性状采用GLM分析进行遗传效应研究 ,结果表明 :该基因对一些胴体、肉质性状有显著性影响 ,并且该基因以加性效应为主 (如 ,眼肌高度、背最长肌色值、系水力的加性效应都达显著水平 )。因此 ,推测UCP3基因可能是影响猪胴体及肉质性状的主效基因或与主效基因紧密连锁的标记基因 ,并且能够在分子标记辅助选择中用于对猪胴体、肉质性状的遗传改良及固定     

生长激素基因(GH2)多态性与猪部分生产性能的关系

采用PCR -RFLP对南昌白猪 (117头 )和大约克夏猪 (36 1头 )的GH 2基因 - 119～ +486bp的片段进行了扩增 ,并用ApaⅠ酶切 ,产生了 2个等位基因A(44 9+10 1+5 5bp)和B(316 +133+10 1+5 5bp)。分析了不同基因型对个体初生重、2月龄重、4月龄重、6月龄重、校正背膘厚、平均背膘厚、瘦肉率和料重比等生产性能的影响。结果表明 ,在南昌白猪中 ,不同GH 2基因型间在所测的生产性能上差异不显著 (P >0 0 5 ) ;在大约克夏猪中 ,AA型猪的瘦肉率最低、与BB型猪相比 ,差异显著 (P <0 0 5 )。     

金华猪3个繁殖性状主基因的分布及其效应的研究

采用PCR RFLP技术分析了金华猪 3个品系的雌激素受体基因 (ESR)、促卵泡素 β亚基基因 (FSHβ)、催乳素受体基因 (PRLR)在金华猪 3个品系中的分布情况 ,并采用SPSS程序分析了ESR、FSHβ和PRLR 3个基因对金华猪Ⅰ系母猪繁殖性状的影响。结果表明 :ESR基因的 3个基因型AA、AB、BB在金华猪Ⅰ系、Ⅱ系和Ⅲ系中的频率分别为 0 0 2 37(AA)、0 36 0 9(AB)、0 6 15 4 (BB) ,0 (AA)、0 5 333(AB)、0 4 6 6 7(BB)和 0 2 90 9(AA)、0 6 (AB)、0 10 91(BB) ;PRLR基因的 3个基因型AA、AB、BB在金华猪Ⅰ系、Ⅱ系和Ⅲ系的频率分别为 0 2 5 6 0 (AA)、0 392 9(AB)、0 35 12 (BB) ,0 2 (AA)、0 2 6 6 7(AB)、0 5 333(BB)和 0 12 73(AA)、0 4 90 9(AB)、0 3818(BB) ,而FSHβ基因仅在金华猪Ⅰ系中存在多态性 ,且有利基因B的频率很低 ,仅为 0 0 12 0。ESR基因对金华母猪经产胎次产活仔数、所有胎次的产活仔数和总产仔数影响显著 (P <0 0 5 ) ,对金华母猪经产胎次的总产仔数的影响接近显著 (P =0 0 6 1)。B基因对产活仔数的加性效应为经产胎次 0 70头 胎 ,所有胎次 0 6 6头 胎 ;对总产仔数的加性效应为经产胎次 0 90头 胎 ,所有胎次 0 84头 胎。PRLR基因对金华母猪的各项繁殖性状都没有显著影响 (P     

白蚁与动物及微生物的共生类型及其机制

综述了白蚁螱客的主要种类、共生关系及相关机制的研究进展。白蚁螱客中,已报道的动物种类达170种。在与动物的共生关系中存在偏利共生（宾主共栖和异种共栖）、互利共生和无关共生三种;在与微生物的共生关系中,存在与内生菌（原生动物、细菌、真菌和放线菌）和外生菌（蚁巢伞菌等）间的互利关系。指出了白蚁与螱客研究中存在的问题,给出了解决方案,并提出了今后可能的研究热点或方向,为白蚁的综合利用（如纤维素酶）及今后研究物种间的协同进化提供了基础资料。     

New amino-dithiaphospholanes and phosphoramidodithioites and their rhodium and iridium complexes

New sulfur derivatives of phosphoramidite ligands were synthesized and the impact of the sulfur unit on the spectroscopic properties of their rhodium and iridium complexes was investigated. The new ligands Bn₂NPSCH₂CH₂S^a(P-S^a) (Bn = benzyl, 4), Bn₂NPSCHCHS^a(CH₂)₃C^aH₂(P-S^a)(C^a-S^a) (6) and Bn₂NP(4-XC₆H₄OMe)₂ (X = S, 7a; X = O, 7b) were converted to the rhodium and iridium complexes trans-[Rh(CO)Cl(L)₂] (L = 4, 6, 7), [RhCl(COD)(L)] (L = 4, 6, 7), [IrCl(COD)(7a)] and [IrCl₂Cp∗(6)]. For comparison, some phosphoramidite complexes of these formulations also were synthesized. The new metal complexes were spectroscopically analyzed. For the carbonyl complexes, the ν_CO IR stretching frequencies were lower than for the corresponding phosphite and phosphoramidite ligands. The ¹J_PRh coupling constants for the rhodium complexes with the new ligands were also smaller than for the respective phosphoramidite and phosphite complexes. Finally, the ¹J_PSe coupling constants of the selenides of the new ligands were lower than those of the phosphoramidite ligands but higher than for PPh₃. The spectroscopic data reveal that the new thio ligands 4, 6 and 7a are more electron donating than phosphites and phosphoramidites but less electron donating than PPh₃.     

Astrocytes and Synaptosomes Transport and Metabolize Lactate and Acetate Differently

Astrocytes transport the monocarboxylate acetate, but synaptosomes do not. The reason for this is unknown, because both preparations express monocarboxylate transporters (MCT). The transport and metabolism of lactate, another monocarboxylate, was examined in these two preparations, and the results were compared to those for acetate. Lactate transport is more rapid in astrocytes than in synaptosomes, but of lower affinity (Kms of 17 and 4 mM, respectively). Lactate (0.2 mM) is metabolized to CO2 more rapidly in synaptosomes than in astrocytes (rates of 0.37 and 0.07 nmol x mg protein(-1) x min(-1), respectively). The reason for this is unclear, but cellular differences in lactate dehydrogenase isotype expression may be involved. Acetate is metabolized to CO2 more rapidly in astrocytes than in synaptosomes (rates of 0.43 and 0.02 nmol x mg protein(-1) x min(-1), respectively). This is likely due to cellular differences in the expression of monocarboxylate transporter subtypes.     

Rapporteur report: Basics and technology and metrology and standards

The first and second sessions of the Workshop focussed on the basics of ultrasound and infrasound, their applications in both industry and medicine, and metrology and protection standards for ultrasound applications.     

Relative and combined effects of ethanol and protein deficiency on strontium and barium bone content and fecal and urinary excretion

To elucidate accumulation of minerals in human iliac arteries with aging, the content of minerals was analyzed by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry. Bilateral common, internal, and external iliac arteries of 16 men and 8 women, ranging ages from 65 to 93 yr, were examined. It was found that an extremely high accumulation of calcium and phosphorus occurred in the common iliac artery at old age, being higher than that of the internal and external iliac arteries. It should be noted that the accumulation of calcium and phosphorus is the highest in the common iliac artery among the human arteries examined to date. Regarding sexual differences, the content of calcium and phosphorus in the common and internal iliac arteries was higher in women than in men, whereas their content in the external iliac artery was lower in women than in men.     

Cytoskeleton and mitochondrial morphology and function

It has been well established that the cytoskeleton is an essential modulator of cell morphology and motility, intracytoplasmic transport and mitosis, however cytoskeletal linkage to the organelles has not been unequivocally demonstrated. Indeed, cytoskeleton appears to be essential in determining and modulating gene phenotype as a function of cellular environment. According to recent studies, the organization of the cytoskeleton network together with associated protein(s) could be essential in regulating mitochondrial function and particularly the permeability of the mitochondrial outer membrane to ADP. The aim of this chapter is to summarize the main properties of the cytoskeletal environment of mitochondria and the possible role(s) of this network in mitochondrial function in myocytes.     

Cross-reactivity between storage and dust mites and between mites and shrimp

Many patients have sensitivities to multiple species of storage and house dust mites. It is not clear if this is because patients have multiple sensitivities to species-specific mite allergens or if these mites share many cross-reacting allergens. Our objective was to further define the cross-allergenicity between several species of storage and house dust mites using crossed-immunoelectrophoresis (CIE), crossed-radioimmunoelectrophoresis (CRIE), immunoblotting, and ELISA. CIE and CRIE reactions revealed that storage mites shared two cross-antigenic molecules and one of these bound IgE in a serum pool from mite allergic patients. Antibody in anti-sera built to each species of mite recognized many SDS–PAGE resolved proteins of other mite species and this suggested the potential for other cross-reactive allergens. Among patient sera, IgE bound to many different proteins but few had IgE that bound to a protein with common molecular weights across the mite species and this suggested mostly species-specific allergens. Antiserum built to each mite species precipitated one protein in shrimp extracts that bound anti-Der p 10 (tropomyosin) and IgE in the serum pool. Anti-Der p 10 showed strong binding to shrimp tropomyosin but very little to any of the mite proteins. ELISA showed the mite extracts contained very little tropomyosin. The storage and dust mites investigated contain mostly species-specific allergens and very small amounts of the pan-allergen tropomyosin compared to shrimp and snail.     

Chemokines and cytokines: axis and allies in asthma and allergy

Allergic asthma can be precipitated by many factors. For the atopic person, fungus, pollen, dust mites, cockroach antigens, and diesel exhaust are all agents that may trigger an allergic attack. Cytokines and chemokines are integral mediators of fungal asthma. From the earliest time points, they recruit and activate the cells required for the clearance of fungus as well as being critical factors involved in the immunopathology of this disease. In the final analysis, it is clear that these mediators can act to the benefit or the detriment of the host.     

人血管能抑素基因的克隆、表达及其表达产物的纯化和生物活性测定

以人胎盘脐带组织为材料,提取组织总RNA,用netRTPCR方法合成人血管能抑素cDNA基因,将该cDNA克隆进pSP72载体获得重组质粒pSP72C, DNA序列分析结果与预期序列一致。用BamHⅠ和NdeⅠ双酶切,切下pSP72C上的血管能抑素cDNA,插入pET3c载体的相应位点获得重组表达质粒pETC, 转化E. coli BL21(DE3), SDSPAGE分析显示：在IPTG诱导下,血管能抑素基因获得了高效表达,表达量约占菌体总蛋白的 27.9 %,主要以包涵体形式存在。包涵体经过洗涤、裂解、蛋白复性以及Sephadex G75凝胶过滤层析等步骤后,获得了纯度达91.4 %的人血管能抑素。CAM实验证明10 μg纯化蛋白就能显著抑制鸡胚新生血管生成。