肝细胞癌患者血清外泌体microRNA表达鉴定

目的:探讨肝癌细胞外泌体中差异表达的microRNAs(miRNAs)在肝细胞癌(HCC)诊断中的应用价值。方法:通过高通量测序筛选肝癌细胞外泌体中差异表达的miRNAs。实时定量PCR验证差异表达分子;检测差异表达的miRNAs在健康人(Health)、慢性乙型肝炎患者(CHB)、肝硬化患者(LC)及乙型肝炎病毒阳性的肝细胞癌患者(HCC)血清外泌体中的表达。结果:高通量测序筛选到肝癌细胞外泌体中差异表达的miRNA共88种,其中58种表达上调,30种表达下调。选择其中8种差异表达的miRNAs进行q RT-PCR验证,结果显示,此8种miRNAs在细胞上清外泌体、细胞内、癌与癌旁组织中的表达趋势与测序结果一致。miR-221-3p和miR-224-5p在HCC组外泌体中的表达水平显著高于Health组、CHB组和LC组(P0.01),miR-124-3p和let-7a-5p在HCC组外泌体中的表达水平显著低于其他各组(P0.05)。四个组中,miR-21-5p、miR-191-5p、miR-34a-5p和miR-122-5p的表达水平不存在显著性差异(P0.05)。结论:血清外泌体中的miR-221-3p、miR-224-5p、miR-124-3p和let-7a-5p可能成为肝细胞癌的候选标志物。     

大鼠肝纤维化相关microRNA及其候选靶基因的筛选

microRNAs (miRNAs)是一类功能性非编码RNA,在多种生物过程中具有重要作用.然而,miRNA的表达模式、调控网络以及参与肝纤维化的miRNA仍有待阐明.为了探讨与肝纤维化相关的miRNA及其靶基因的功能,为临床肝纤维化治疗提供理论依据,本研究前期已采用胆管结扎法(BDL)建立大鼠胆汁淤积性肝纤维化模型.从大鼠肝脏中提取总RNA,应用基因芯片技术对胆汁淤积性肝纤维化肝组织中miRNA和mRNA表达谱进行综合分析;结合生物信息方法分析在胆汁淤积性肝纤维化中差异表达miRNA可能的靶基因;实时荧光定量PCR技术检测TGF-β1处理人肝星状细胞LX-2细胞中miR-29a-3p、miR-194-5p和miR-22-3p相对表达水平.结果 表明,与正常肝组织相比,纤维化肝组织中有48个差异表达miRNA (FC＞2,P＜0.05),其中36个上调,12个下调;筛选出18个预测靶基因参与与纤维化相关的生物过程;TGF-β1处理LX-2细胞中miR-29a-3p、miR-194-5p和miR-22-3p相对表达水平显著下调(P＜0.05).本研究筛选的差异表达miRNAs通过调节靶基因的表达在肝纤维化中可能发挥重要作用,将为miRNA在肝纤维化中的作用提供新的见解.     

细胞周期蛋白依赖性激酶在miR-193a5p调控卵巢癌细胞增殖及上皮细胞间充质转变中的作用*

目的: 探讨miR-193a-5p靶向CDK14并调控卵巢癌细胞OVAC的增殖和上皮间充质转变(EMT)的作用。方法: 通过TargetScanHuman分析miR-193a-5p与CDK14的匹配情况,通过荧光素酶报告系统检测miR-193a-5p靶向CDK14情况;在miR-193a-5p mimics过表达或者miR-193a-5p inhibitor基因沉默miR-193a-5p的情况下,采用免疫印迹检测CDK14,EMT相关蛋白质E-cadherin、vimentin、fibronectin和N-cadherin的表达量,采用CCK-8检测卵巢癌细胞OVAC增殖情况, MMT检测卵巢癌细胞OVAC的细胞活力。结果: miR-193a-5p靶向CDK14的3‘UTR;过表达miR-193a-5后, CDK14的表达下降,EMT相关蛋白质E-cadherin的表达上升,vimentin、fibronectin和N-cadherin的表达下降,卵巢癌细胞OVAC的增殖和细胞活力均增加;同时,基因沉默miR-193a-5p后, CDK14的表达上升,EMT相关蛋白质E-cadherin的表达下降,vimentin、fibronectin和N-cadherin的表达量上升,卵巢癌细胞OVAC的增殖和细胞活力均减少。结论: miR-193a-5p通过靶向CDK14的3‘UTR降低卵巢癌细胞OVAC的增殖、细胞活力和EMT。     

大白猪GABRR2基因SNP筛选及结构、功能的预测和分析

为了筛选大白猪GABRR2基因的SNP和对GABRR2基因进行结构、功能的预测和分析,本研究利用30头大白猪混池为模板,通过PCR扩增GABRR2基因外显子,测序后进行SNP筛选,并对测序结果进行拼接,利用多种生物信息学软件对大白猪GABRR2基因启动子区、编码区、3'UTR区进行了一系列的分析.结果显示,大白猪GABRR2基因在c615、c660、c798和c1134共有4个同义突变;RNGTT、SRSF12和ANKRD63个基因在GABRR2基因连锁区间内,且编码的蛋白具有相互作用;起始密码子上游2 000bp区域在385～435号碱基和759～806号碱基区域有2个核心启动子区域,在核心启动子386～395、769～778有Sp1转录因子结合位点,757～766有CREB-2转录因子结合位点,775～784有NF-1转录因子结合位点,在1 593～1 752号碱基区间内有一个 CpG 岛;3'UTR 区域有 14个 miRNA 结合位点,其中 miR-365-3p、miR-497-5p、miR-5195-3p 和miR-145-5p评分高于80.研究结果表明,大白猪GABRR2基因CDS区全长1 380 bp,存在4个同义突变,保守性高;编码一个具有4个跨膜结构、1个信号肽的亲水性蛋白,与RNGTT基因功能可能有密切联系;2个核心启动子区域内含有Sp1、CREB-2和NF-1三种共4个转录因子结合位点,且启动子区有一个特征的CpG岛;3'UTR 区域存在 miR-365-3p、miR-497-5p、miR-5195-3p 和 miR-145-5p 共4个 miRNA 结合区域.     

miR-30a-5p通过靶向Runx2基因抑制成骨细胞分化

目的:构建绝经后骨质疏松大鼠模型,分析miR-30a-5p在成骨细胞分化中的功能。方法:将SD大鼠分为雌激素组、假手术组和模型组;取胫骨组织进行miRNA测序并差异表达分析;检测miR-30a-5p在各组大鼠骨中的表达含量;通过qRT-PCR检测miR-30a-5p表达对成骨分化标记相关蛋白胶原Ⅰ、骨钙素(OCN)和骨桥蛋白(OPN)表达的影响,同时检测对碱性磷酸酶(ALP)活性的影响;双萤光素酶报告基因检测miR-30a-5p对RUNT相关转录因子2(Runx2)的靶向调控作用。结果:miRNA测序分析结果显示,相对于假手术组、雌激素组,模型组有33种共同miRNA表达上调,选取miR-30a-5p作为本研究对象;qRT-PCR进一步验证miR-30a-5p在模型组骨组织中高表达;miR-30a-5p靶向抑制Runx2的表达,且能够抑制OCN、OPN和胶原Ⅰ的表达,降低ALP活性;而同时过表达Runx2后,OCN、OPN和胶原Ⅰ的表达升高,ALP活性增加,Runx2过表达部分缓解miR-30a-5p对成骨细胞分化的抑制作用。结论:miR-30a-5p在骨质疏松大鼠骨组织中表达上调,并能够靶向抑制Runx2的表达,从而抑制成骨细胞分化,促进骨质疏松进展,为骨质疏松症的诊断提供新的生物标志物。     

Mir-378a-5p抑制鼻咽癌细胞系CNE-1 细胞增殖以及肿瘤生长的初步研究*

目的： MiR-378a-5p是一种被认为在多种肿瘤发生过程中具有抑制肿瘤生长的微小RNA。然而miR-378a-5p在鼻咽癌中的 作用尚未见报道。因此,本文旨在通过临床样本的miRNA 表达谱分析以及细胞学实验从而揭示miR-378a-5p在鼻咽癌肿瘤发生过程中的作用。方法与结果：我们通过生物信息学的方法获取了鼻咽癌临床样本中miR-378a-5p的表达信息并通过与正常组织的 对比发现miR-378a-5p在鼻咽癌肿瘤组织中表达水平显著降低（P<0.01）。其次,我们发现高表达miR-378a-5p的鼻咽癌CNE-1 细 胞增殖速度显著较对照组降低（约40%~50%）。克隆形成实验证实了瞬时转染miR-378a-5p的鼻咽癌CNE-1 细胞的克隆形成数 量显著减弱。我们通过将稳定表达miR-378a-5p的CNE-1 细胞注射到裸鼠体内形成移植瘤并记录肿瘤生长曲线,结果显示 miR-378a-5p高表达组的裸鼠移植瘤体积明显较对照组小约50%,肿瘤重量显著降低(对照组0.33 g,处理组0.15 g)。结论：本研究通过对临床样本的分析以及在细胞和动物水平的实验验证揭示了miR-378a-5p具有抑制鼻咽癌肿瘤细胞增殖和肿瘤生长的作用。     

构建ECE1 3''UTR荧光素酶报告基因载体验证其与miR-199a-5p靶向关系

目的:通过构建双荧光素酶报告基因重组质粒验证miRNA-199a-5p(miR-199a-5p)与ECE1基因的靶向调控关系。方法:通过microRNA靶基因预测软件Targetscan获取miR-199a-5p与ECE1基因3'UTR潜在的互补结合位点,PCR技术扩增ECE1基因3'端非翻译区,将此序列与miR-199a-5p mimics或空质粒(NC)共转染到pmirGLO-ECE1-野生型(WT)的293细胞里;将此序列突变序列与miR-199a-5p mimics或NC共转染到pmirGLO-ECE1-突变型(MUT)的293细胞里,共四组,检测四组细胞中荧光素酶活性。结果:成功构建双荧光素酶报告基因重组质粒pmirGLO-ECE1-WT和pmirGLO-ECE1-MUT。与野生型NC(4.30±0.53)组及突变型miR-199a-5p mimics组(4.465±0.3968)比较,野生型miR-199a-5p mimics组(1.686±0.4098)荧光素酶活性明显降低,P0.05,有显著差异;突变型miR-199a-5p mimics组(4.465±0.3968)与突变型miR-199a-5p NC(4.18±0.498)组及野生型NC(4.30±0.53)组两两比较,P0.05,无明显差异。结论:miR-199a-5p与野生型ECE1存在结合位点,miR-199a-5p对野生型ECE1重组质粒荧光活性有明显的抑制作用,证实miR-199a-5p能够靶向调控ECE1基因。     

MiR-378a-5p抑制鼻咽癌细胞系CNE-1细胞增殖以及肿瘤生长的初步研究（英文）

目的:MiR-378a-5p是一种被认为在多种肿瘤发生过程中具有抑制肿瘤生长的微小RNA。然而miR-378a-5p在鼻咽癌中的作用尚未见报道。因此,本文旨在通过临床样本的miRNA表达谱分析以及细胞学实验从而揭示miR-378a-5p在鼻咽癌肿瘤发生过程中的作用。方法与结果:我们通过生物信息学的方法获取了鼻咽癌临床样本中miR-378a-5p的表达信息并通过与正常组织的对比发现miR-378a-5p在鼻咽癌肿瘤组织中表达水平显著降低(P0.01)。其次,我们发现高表达miR-378a-5p的鼻咽癌CNE-1细胞增殖速度显著较对照组降低(约40%~50%)。克隆形成实验证实了瞬时转染miR-378a-5p的鼻咽癌CNE-1细胞的克隆形成数量显著减弱。我们通过将稳定表达miR-378a-5p的CNE-1细胞注射到裸鼠体内形成移植瘤并记录肿瘤生长曲线,结果显示miR-378a-5p高表达组的裸鼠移植瘤体积明显较对照组小约50%,肿瘤重量显著降低(对照组0.33 g,处理组0.15 g)。结论:本研究通过对临床样本的分析以及在细胞和动物水平的实验验证揭示了miR-378a-5p具有抑制鼻咽癌肿瘤细胞增殖和肿瘤生长的作用。     

人类miR-146a-5p靶基因预测及生物信息学分析

微小RNA(miRNA)是疾病发生发展过程中的调节剂,但其在炎症反应、免疫应答,特别是肿瘤中的调控机制仍然未知。本研究先对人类miR-146a-5p进行定位,分析序列保守性,挖掘其在不同组织中表达特征;同时,将Targetscan7.1、miRDB、mirDIP和DIANA TOOLS数据库预测的人类miR-146a-5p靶基因取交集,并通过String11.0构建了蛋白相互作用(PPI)网络;利用Omicshare平台和KOBAS数据库进行基因本体(GO)注释分析和京都基因与基因组百科全书(KEGG)通路富集分析。结果显示:人类miR-146a-5p成熟序列的保守性高,推测其具有重要生物学功能;73个靶基因涉及到结构分子活性、催化活性以及转录因子活性配体的激活,并且参与机体代谢、信号传导、正负向调控等生物学过程;还与Toll样受体(TLRs)信号、核转录因子-κB(NF-κB)以及视黄酸诱导基因I样受体(RLRs)等相关信号通路相关联。本研究初步阐明了人类miR-146a-5p通过调控靶基因在肿瘤发生、免疫应答和炎症刺激等疾病发生发展过程起着重要作用,人类miR-146a-5p将可能成为潜在的生物标记物和治疗靶标。     

miR-196b-5p促进成肌细胞增殖分化

MicroRNA (miRNA)是一类由内源基因编码的长度约为22个核苷酸的非编码单链RNA分子，在动植物中参与转录后基因表达调控。大量研究表明，miRNA调控骨骼肌的发育，主要表现在肌卫星细胞的激活及增殖、分化、肌管的形成等生物学过程。本实验室前期对大白猪背最长肌(longissimus dorsi,LD)和比目鱼肌(soleus muscle,Sol)进行miRNA测序，筛选鉴定到一个在不同骨骼肌中差异表达并且序列高度保守的miR-196b-5p，目前miR-196b-5p在骨骼肌方面的研究尚未见报道。本研究进一步设计合成miR-196b-5p mimics和inhibitor对C2C12细胞进行miR-196b-5p过表达及干扰表达，利用蛋白免疫印迹、实时荧光定量PCR检测、流式细胞术、免疫荧光染色等方法探究miR-196b-5p对成肌细胞增殖分化的影响，并利用生物信息学预测和双荧光素酶报告系统鉴定了miR-196b-5p的靶基因。结果显示，过表达miR-196b-5p显著增加细胞周期基因Cyclin B、Cyclin D和Cyclin E的mRNA和蛋白表达水平(P<0....     

MicroRNA Profiling Implies New Markers of Chemoresistance of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer

Objective

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) patients with truly chemosensitive disease still represent a minority among all TNBC patients. The aim of the present study is to identify microRNAs (miRNAs) that correlate with TNBC chemoresistance.

Methods

In this study, we conducted miRNAs profile comparison between triple-negative breast cancer (TNBCs) and normal breast tissues by microRNA array. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) was utilized to confirm the specific deregulated miRNAs change trend. We used starBase 2.1 and GOrilla to predict the potential targets of the specific miRNAs. Cells viability and apoptosis assays were employed to determine the effect of alteration of the specific miRNAs in TNBC cells on the chemosensitivity.

Results

We identified 11 specific deregulated miRNAs, including 5 up-regulated miRNAs (miR-155-5p, miR-21-3p, miR-181a-5p, miR-181b-5p, and miR-183-5p) and 6 down-regulated miRNAs (miR-10b-5p, miR-451a, miR-125b-5p, miR-31-5p, miR-195-5p and miR-130a-3p). Thereafter, this result was confirmed by qRT-PCR. We predicted the potential targets of the candidate miRNAs and found that they are involved in cancer-associated pathways. For the first time, we found that miR-130a-3p and miR-451a were down-regulated in TNBC. 9 of the 11 specific deregulated miRNAs were found to be associated with chemoresistance. In vitro assays, we found that up-regulation of either miR-130a-3p or miR-451a in MDA-MB-231 cells significantly changed the cells sensitivity to doxorubicin. The results suggest that TNBC chemotherapy might be affected by a cluster of miRNAs.

Conclusion

The abnormal expression miRNAs in TNBC are mainly chemoresistance related. This might be part of reason that TNBC likely to evade from chemotherapy resulting in early relapse and high risk of death. To alter their expression status might be a potential therapeutic strategy to improve the outcome of chemotherapy for TNBC patients.     

XB130, a New Adaptor Protein,Regulates Expression of Tumor Suppressive MicroRNAs in Cancer Cells

XB130, a novel adaptor protein, promotes cell growth by controlling expression of many related genes. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), which are frequently mis-expressed in cancer cells, regulate expression of targeted genes. In this present study, we aimed to explore the oncogenic mechanism of XB130 through miRNAs regulation. We analyzed miRNA expression in XB130 short hairpin RNA (shRNA) stably transfected WRO thyroid cancer cells by a miRNA array assay, and 16 miRNAs were up-regulated and 22 miRNAs were down-regulated significantly in these cells, in comparison with non-transfected or negative control shRNA transfected cells. We chose three of the up-regulated miRNAs (miR-33a, miR-149 and miR-193a-3p) and validated them by real-time qRT-PCR. Ectopic overexpression of XB130 suppressed these 3 miRNAs in MRO cells, a cell line with very low expression of XB130. Furthermore, we transfected miR mimics of these 3 miRNAs into WRO cells. They negatively regulated expression of oncogenes (miR-33a: MYC, miR-149: FOSL1, miR-193a-3p: SLC7A5), by targeting their 3′ untranslated region, and reduced cell growth. Our results suggest that XB130 could promote growth of cancer cells by regulating expression of tumor suppressive miRNAs and their targeted genes.     

Circulating Exosomal miR-17-5p and miR-92a-3p Predict Pathologic Stage and Grade of Colorectal Cancer

Exosomes are extracellular membrane vesicles of 50- to 130-nm diameter secreted by most tumor cells. Exosomes can mediate the intercellular transfer of proteins and RNAs, including microRNAs (miRNAs), and promote both tumorigenesis and premetastatic niche formation. In this study, we performed exosomal RNA sequencing to identify candidate exosomal miRNAs that could be associated with colorectal cancer (CRC) and its distant metastasis. The expression profiles of exosomal miRNA, as secreted by isogenic human primary CRC cell line SW480 and highly metastatic cell line SW620, were analyzed and the potential targets related to tumorigenesis and metastatic progression were investigated. We found that 25 miRNAs had been up-regulated and 5 miRNAs had been down-regulated in exosomes purified from SW620 culture supernatant. Candidate miRNAs were further evaluated for CRC diagnosis using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction in CRC patients. Higher expression levels of circulating exosomal miR-17-5p and miR-92a-3p were significantly associated with pathologic stages and grades of the CRC patients. CONCLUSIONS: Circulating exosomal miR-17-5p and miR-92a-3p may provide a promising noninvasive prognostic biomarker for primary and metastatic CRC.     

Inhibition of Cell Proliferation and Migration by miR-509-3p That Targets CDK2, Rac1, and PIK3C2A

CDK2 is a key regulator of cell cycle progression. In this study, we screened for miRNAs targeting CDK2 using a luciferase-3′-untranslated region reporter assay. Among 11 hit miRNAs, miR-509-3p reduced CDK2 protein levels and significantly inhibited cancer cell growth. Microarray, Western blotting, and luciferase reporter analyses revealed additional targets of miR-509-3p, including Rac1 and PIK3C2A. Overexpression of miR-509-3p induced G1 cell-cycle arrest and inhibited colony formation and migration. RNAi experiments indicated that the growth-inhibitory effects of miR-509-3p may occur through down-regulation of CDK2, Rac1, and PIK3C2A. Targeting of multiple growth regulatory genes by miR-509-3p may contribute to effective anti-cancer therapy.     

Identification and Validation of Reference Genes for qPCR Detection of Serum microRNAs in Colorectal Adenocarcinoma Patients

Serum microRNAs (miRNAs) have become a highlighted research hotspot, especially for their great potential as a novel promising non-invasive biomarker in cancer diagnosis. The most frequently used approach for serum miRNAs detection is quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). In order to obtain reliable qPCR data of miRNAs expression, the use of reference genes as endogenous control is undoubtly necessary. However, no systematic evaluation and validation of reference genes for normalizing qPCR analysis of serum miRNAs has been reported in colorectal adenocarcinoma. We firstly profiled pooled serum of colorectal adenocarcinoma, colorectal adenoma and healthy controls and selected a list of 13 miRNAs as candidate reference genes. U6 snRNA (U6) and above-mentioned 13 miRNAs were included in further confirmation by qPCR. As a result, 5 miRNAs (miR-151a-3p, miR-4446-3p, miR-221-3p, miR-93-5p and miR-3184-3p) were not detected in all samples and 2 miRNAs (miR-197-3p and miR-26a-5p) were relatively low with median Cq more than 35, and were excluded from further stability analysis. Then variable stability of other 6 miRNAs (miR-103b, miR-484, miR-16-5p, miR-3615, miR-18a-3p and miR-191-5p) and U6 were evaluated using two algorithms: geNorm and NormFinder which both identified miR-191-5p as the most stably expressed reference gene and selected miR-191-5p and U6 as the most stable pair of reference genes. After validating in an independent large cohorts and selecting miR-92a-3p as target miRNA to evaluate the effect of reference gene, we propose that combination of miR-191-5p and U6 could be used as reference genes for serum microRNAs qPCR data in colorectal adenocarcinoma, colorectal adenoma and healthy controls.     

miR-425-5p as an exosomal biomarker for metastatic prostate cancer

Prostate cancer-related deaths are mostly caused by metastasis, which indicates the importance of identifying clinical prognostic biomarkers. In this study, we evaluated the expression profile of exosomal microRNAs (miRNAs) derived from metastatic prostate cancer (mPCa) cell lines (LNCaP and PC-3). miRNA signatures in exosomes and cells were evaluated by miRNA microarray analysis. Fourteen miRNAs were identified as candidates for specific noninvasive biomarkers. The expression of five miRNAs was validated using RT-qPCR, which confirmed that miR-205-5p, miR-148a-3p, miR-125b-5p, miR-183-5p, and miR-425-5p were differentially expressed in mPCa exosomes. Bioinformatic analyses showed that miR-425-5p was associated with residual tumor, pathologic T and N stages, and TP53 status in PCa samples. Gene ontology analysis of negatively correlated and predicted targeted genes showed enrichment of genes related to bone development pathways. The LinkedOmics database indicated that the potential target HSPB8 has a significant negative correlation with miR-425-5p. In conclusion, this study identified a panel of exosomal miRNAs with potential value as prognostic biomarkers for prostate cancer.     

Conjugated linoleic acid supplementation caused reduction of perilipin1 and aberrant lipolysis in epididymal adipose tissue

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as powerful regulators of multiple processes linked to human cancer, including cell apoptosis, proliferation and migration, suggesting that the regulation of miRNA function could play a critical role in cancer progression. Recent studies have found that human serum/plasma contains stably expressed miRNAs. If they prove indicative of disease states, miRNAs measured from peripheral blood samples may be a source for routine clinical detection of cancer. Our studies showed that both miR-508-3p and miR-509-3p were down-regulated in renal cancer tissues. The level of miR-508-3p but not miR-509-3p in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) patient plasma demonstrated significant differences from that in control plasma. In addition, the overexpression of miR-508-3p and miR-509-3p suppressed the proliferation of RCC cells (786-0), induced cell apoptosis and inhibited cell migration in vitro. Our data demonstrated that miR-508-3p and miR-509-3p played an important role as tumor suppressor genes during tumor formation and that they may serve as novel diagnostic markers for RCC.     

TDP-43 regulates cancer-associated microRNAs

Aberrant regulation of miRNA genes contributes to pathogenesis of a wide range of human diseases, including cancer. The TAR DNA binding protein 43 (TDP-43), a RNA/DNA binding protein associated with neurodegeneration, is involved in miRNA biogenesis. Here, we systematically examined miRNAs regulated by TDP-43 using RNA-Seq coupled with an siRNA-mediated knockdown approach. TDP-43 knockdown affected the expression of a number of miRNAs. In addition, TDP-43 down-regulation led to alterations in the patterns of different isoforms of miRNAs (isomiRs) and miRNA arm selection, suggesting a previously unknown role of TDP-43 in miRNA processing. A number of TDP-43 associated miRNAs, and their candidate target genes, are associated with human cancers. Our data reveal highly complex roles of TDP-43 in regulating different miRNAs and their target genes. Our results suggest that TDP-43 may promote migration of lung cancer cells by regulating miR-423-3p. In contrast, TDP-43 increases miR-500a-3p expression and binds to the mature miR-500a-3p sequence. Reduced expression of miR-500a-3p is associated with poor survival of lung cancer patients, suggesting that TDP-43 may have a suppressive role in cancer by regulating miR-500a-3p. Cancer-associated genes LIF and PAPPA are possible targets of miR-500a-3p. Our work suggests that TDP-43-regulated miRNAs may play multifaceted roles in the pathogenesis of cancer.