我国两株登革2型病毒5′和3′端非编码区序列测定及二级结构分析

为测定我国两株临床症状、乳鼠神经毒力不同的登革 2型病毒流行株 5′和 3′端非编码区序列 (untranslated region,UTR) ,分析二级结构差异与毒力变化的关系 ,分别从 D2 - 0 4、D2 - 44株感染的 C6/ 36细胞及鼠脑中提取总 RNA.以该 RNA为模板 ,利用 RACE法 ,分别扩增了 D2 - 0 4、D2 -44株的 5′和 3′末端 c DNA片段 .将其分别与 p GEM- T载体连接得到重组质粒 ,测定上述 c DNA插入片段的序列 .用 RNAdraw软件预测 D2 - 0 4、D2 - 44株 5′和 3′端非编码区的二级结构 .D2 - 0 4、D2 -44株 5′端和 3′端非编码区分别有 96和 454个核苷酸 .其中 5′非编码区 59位 C(D2 - 0 4 )→T(D2 -44 ) ,使 D2 - 44二级结构稳定性下降 ;3′端非编码区有 1 5个核苷酸不同 ,其中 T(355)→ A,T(32 6)→ G引起了所在位置二级结构自由能变化 ,且分别位于两个保守序列区 (conserved sequence,CS)CS1、CS2 A.这些位点变化可能与毒力有关 .     

我国两株登革2型病毒5′和3′端非编码区序列测定及二级结构分析

 为测定我国两株临床症状、乳鼠神经毒力不同的登革 2型病毒流行株 5′和 3′端非编码区序列 (untranslated region,UTR) ,分析二级结构差异与毒力变化的关系 ,分别从 D2 - 0 4、D2 - 44株感染的 C6/ 36细胞及鼠脑中提取总 RNA.以该 RNA为模板 ,利用 RACE法 ,分别扩增了 D2 - 0 4、D2 -44株的 5′和 3′末端 c DNA片段 .将其分别与 p GEM- T载体连接得到重组质粒 ,测定上述 c DNA插入片段的序列 .用 RNAdraw软件预测 D2 - 0 4、D2 - 44株 5′和 3′端非编码区的二级结构 .D2 - 0 4、D2 -44株 5′端和 3′端非编码区分别有 96和 454个核苷酸 .其中 5′非编码区 59位 C(D2 - 0 4 )→T(D2 -44 ) ,使 D2 - 44二级结构稳定性下降 ;3′端非编码区有 1 5个核苷酸不同 ,其中 T(355)→ A,T(32 6)→ G引起了所在位置二级结构自由能变化 ,且分别位于两个保守序列区 (conserved sequence,CS)CS1、CS2 A.这些位点变化可能与毒力有关 .     

大麦条纹花叶病毒新疆株(BSMV-XJ)RNA_2的cDNA克隆及5′端序列分析

分离了大麦条纹花叶病毒(BSMV)新疆株基因组的3个RNA组份。以RNA2为模板,3′端互补寡核苷酸为引物,合成了第一条cDNA链和第二条cDNA链,将ds-cDNA重组在pUC9质粒中,转化大肠杆菌细胞,获得含RNA3′端的克隆,并证明所选克隆的cDNA含有新疆株几近全长的RNA2组份。对于插入片段为3.3kbp的112号克隆进行了酶谱分析,得到了与国外典型株类似的结果;用双脱氧终止法分析了相当于RNA 2 5′端250bp的cDNA酶切片段,表明与国外典型株有十分相似的一级结构。     

猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒S1株基因组序列测定和分析

应用RT-PCR方法分段扩增出PRRSV上海分离株S1毒株的4条基因大片段,扩增后的产物分别克隆于pCR-XL-TOPO载体鉴定后测序,同时应用RACE方法对S1毒株的3′和5′基因末端进行了成功的扩增并克隆于pMD-18T载体进行测序,按顺序将这些序列进行拼接得到PRRSVS1株全基因组cDNA序列。测序结果表明PRRSVS1株基因组全长15441bp,包含9个开放式阅读框,5′UTR含有189nt,3′端UTR含有181nt,其中包含30ntPoly(A)。基因组序列分析结果显示该病毒与ATCCVR-2332和BJ-4分离株的核苷酸同源性分别99.5%和99.6%。与另一国内分离株CH-1a的核苷酸同源性为90.8%。     

猪水泡病病毒HK′1／70株基因组全长cDNA的构建及其序列测定

从实验感染猪水泡病病毒(SVDV)的乳鼠组织中提取RNA,利用长距离的RACE技术,扩增出覆盖SVDVHK′1/70株全基因组的2个忠实性的cDNA重叠片段(3′PCR片段和5′PCR片段),分别克隆进pGEM-T Easy载体。利用AatⅡ和BssHⅡ酶切含5′PCR片段的重组质粒,回收目的片段,定向克隆于含3′PCR片段的重组质粒,构建出了SVDV HK′1/70株全长cDNA重组质粒,然后进行序列测定。结果表明,HK′1/70株基因组全基因组序列长7 401 nt(poly A除外),其中5′NCR长743 nt,该毒株蛋白编码区的核苷酸序列为6 558 nt,编码一个长2 185个氨基酸的聚合蛋白,3′NCR长102 nt,其后是至少含有74个A碱基的poly A尾。在HK′1/70株全长cDNA序列的5′端引入了T7启动子序列,在poly A3′端引入了Psp1406Ⅰ识别序列。通过序列同源性和进化树分析,结果表明,HK′1/70属于第Ⅱ抗原遗传群,SVDV与CB5的遗传关系最近,且位于CB5遗传进化树的分支上。HK′1/70株全长cDNA的序列测定及构建,为拯救SVDV和在分子水平进一步深入研究SVDV打下坚实的基础。     

一种苦荞主要过敏原基因cDNA的克隆及序列分析

为了获得苦荞中主要过敏原的cDNA和由此推导的蛋白质序列 ,分析其结构特点 ,以苦荞幼根根尖为材料 ,提取总RNA并反转录mRNA为cDNA第一链 .通过RT PCR、3′RACE、基因克隆及序列测定 ,获得一种苦荞主要过敏蛋白基因的cDNA片段 (GenBank登录号为AY0 4 4918) .该cDNA片段由 76 8bp组成 ,包括 3′端非编码区 180个bp ,开放阅读框 5 88bp .可编码一个由 195个氨基酸残基组成的功能蛋白及一个终止密码 .苦荞主要过敏原基因与甜荞 2 2kD过敏蛋白、豆球类蛋白的核苷酸序列分别有 95 %和 93%的同源性 .其推导的氨基酸序列与甜荞球蛋白、刀豆蛋白、甜橙柠檬素分别有 93%、83%和 5 7%的同源性 .该过敏蛋白 183～ 188位氨基酸残基KEEEKE在多数不同过敏原中均存在 ,推测可能为其中的抗原决定簇序列     

中华蜜蜂蜂毒镇静肽基因的cDNA克隆和表达

从中华蜜蜂 (Apisceranacerana)工蜂毒腺中快速抽提总RNA ,用RT PCR扩增得到大小约为2 5 0bp的cDNA片段 ,测序得到的片段长度为 2 34bp ,为蜂毒前镇静肽原 (preprosecapin)基因编码区的cDNA .以 3′RACE方法 ,扩增和测定了 3′端非编码区 2 19bp序列 .中蜂前镇静肽原cDNA序列与已报道的欧洲意蜂该基因cDNA序列具有 92 %同源性 ,氨基酸序列具有 87%同源性 .代表成熟肽镇静肽的最后 2 5个氨基酸序列 ,中蜂与意蜂同源性为 88% .3′端非编码区cDNA序列与欧洲意蜂序列有 73 1%同源性 .将中华蜜蜂蜂毒镇静肽成熟肽编码区与 3′非编码区部分克隆 ,构建了镇静肽与谷胱甘肽转移酶融合表达的载体pGEX AcSecapin .将载体转化大肠杆菌BL2 1(DE3)进行融合表达 .表达产物与抗GST抗体在 2 9kD处有很强的交叉反应 .大肠杆菌超声破碎后的上清液用SDS PAGE检测到表达的蛋白多为可溶性融合蛋白 ,通过亲和层析柱纯化和凝血酶的切割得到了镇静肽蛋白     

猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒S1株基因组序列测定和分析

应用RT-PCR方法分段扩增出PRRSV上海分离株S1毒株的4条基因大片段,扩增后的产物分别克隆于pCR-XL-TOPO载体鉴定后测序,同时应用RACE方法对S1毒株的3'和5'基因末端进行了成功的扩增并克隆于pMD-18T载体进行测序,按顺序将这些序列进行拼接得到PRRSV S1株全基因组cDNA序列.测序结果表明PRRSV S1株基因组全长15441 bp,包含9个开放式阅读框,5'UTR含有189nt,3'端UTR含有181nt,其中包含30nt Poly (A).基因组序列分析结果显示该病毒与ATCC VR-2332和BJ-4分离株的核苷酸同源性分别99.5%和99.6%.与另一国内分离株CH-1a的核苷酸同源性为90.8%.     

3′-poly(A)~-病毒RNA的大分子cDNA的合成和克隆

为了合成3′端无poly(A)的病毒RNA(登革热病毒Ⅱ)的3′区的长的cDNA,我们用RNA连接酶,把3′端被pCp封闭了的poly(A)<50bp连在病毒RNA的3′端,构成一个病毒RNA-poly(A)-pCp型模板,可用oligo(dT_(10-12))作引物,再用Watson和Jackson(1985)的RNase H代替硷降解法来合成cDNA。结果获得了≥5kb的cDNA。重组克隆的鉴定证明这个大分子cDNA确是病毒RNA 3′区的拷贝。这将有利于对这类RNA病毒基因组的结构-功能分析和对病毒cDNA拷贝的感染性的研究。     

六种藓类植物茎的比较解剖学研究

通过对6种藓类植物,即褶叶青藓(Brachythecium salebrosum(Web.et Mohr.)B.S.G.)、湿地匐灯藓(Plagiomnium acutum(Lindb.)Kop.)、侧枝匐灯藓(Plagiomnium maximoviczii(Lindb.)Kop.)、大凤尾藓(Fissidensnobilis Griff.)、大羽藓(Thuidium cymbifolium(Doz.et Molk.)B.S.G.)和大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme Wils.)嫩茎和老茎的石蜡切片和显微观察发现,同一藓类植株的嫩茎和老茎,茎结构稳定,不同种藓类植物茎横切面具有不同特征.植物体茎横切面形状、表层细胞的层数、细胞大小和细胞壁厚薄、皮层细胞大小和形状、中轴的有无以及比例等特征可以作为藓类植物的分科分类依据之一.     

Cause of Senescence of Nine Sorts of Flowers

The levels of endogenous phytohormones and respiratory rate in nine sorts of flowers such as Cymbidium faberi Rolfe, Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth and others were investigated both at full bloom and senescence and meanwhile the effect of exogenous phytohormones on prolonging the blossoms and promoting ethylene production were tested. There is a high content of endogenous ethylene in all the long-lived flowere, about 3–16 folds higer than the short-lived ones. There is a high level of ABA at full blooming flowers of short-lived flowers, in which there is no or only some cytokinins in it, but the ratio of CTK (6BA+zeatin)/ABA is smaller(l.7). The endogenous ABA reached a much higher level at senescence in all nine sorts of flowers, so it is reasonable to consider that it is ABA which plays an important role of regulation in controlling flower's senescence. There is a much higher level of GA3 and zeatin in the long-lived flowers which is not demonstrated in the shortlived ones. The respiratory rate is one of the factors controtling the longevity of flowers, but it does not play a decided role. Application of 6BA and zeatin prolongs distinctly orchid’s longevity, however exogenous IAA through the promotive action on ethylene production, evidently extends the longevity of the flowers of the Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth.     

Photoregulation of seed germination of wild-type and of an aurea-mutant of tomato

Seed germination of an aurea mutant of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is promoted by continuous irradiation with red, far-red or long-wavelength far-red (758 nm) light as well as by cyclic irradiations (5 min red or 5 min far-red/25 min darkness). Far-red light applied immediately after each red does not change the germination behaviour. Seed germination of the isogenic wild-type, cv. UC-105, is promoted by continuous and cyclic red light while it is inhibited by continuous and cyclic far-red light and by continious 758 nm irradiation. Far-red irradiation reverses almost completely the promoting effect of red light. The promoting effect (in the aurea mutant) and the inhibitory effect (in the wild-type) of continuous far-red light do not show photon fluence rate dependency above 20 nmol m⁻² s⁻¹. It is concluded that phytochrome controls tomato seed germination throgh low energy responses in both the wild type and the au mutant. The promoting effect of continuous and cyclic far-red light in the au mutant can be attributed to a greater sensitivity to P_fr.     

真菌类遗传学分析的知识结构教学

本文以认知结构理论为指导,讨论了真菌类遗传分析与高等动植物遗传分析的内在联系,认为利用这种内在联系进行教学可收到好的效果并说明了作者的具体教学过程。 Abstract:In the paper, the relationship between genetic analysis of Fungi and genetic analysis of high animal and plant was discussed.A good results were obtained when we adopted this method in the teaching.     

龙胆科药用植物化学成分的研究现状

龙胆科植物在我国的分布范围很广,且多数为药用植物,其多数种属的药用植物,至今其化学成分尚未被系统研究。综述了目前龙胆科药用植物的化学成分的研究现状及一般提取方法,对近年来发现的环烯醚萜及裂环烯醚萜类化合物进行了总结,为本科药用植物的更深入研究提供了参考。     

The effects of glutamine of the maintenance of embryogenic cultures of Cryptomeria japonica

Summary Embryogenic tissues of sugi (Cryptomeria japonica) were induced on a modified Campbell and Durzan (CD) medium containing 1 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 600 mg l⁻¹ glutamine, and subcultured in the medium of the same composition for over 1 yr. This resulted in a mixed culture of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells. When embryogenic cells were isolated and cultured independently, their capacity to form embryogenic aggregates was lost. Thus, the non-embryogenic cells present within a mixed culture system were essential to the formation of embryogenic aggregates. When embryogenic tissues were isolated and cultured independently on a high glutamine-containing (2400 mg l⁻¹) medium, dry weights and endogenous levels of glutamine increased, and the tissue could generate a large number of embryogenic aggregates. Amino acid analysis of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells from the maintenance culture indicated a higher level of glutamine was present in the latter. The high endogenous level of glutamine in the non-embryogenic portion of mixed cell masses may be the supplier of glutamine for maintaining the embryogenic property of the tissues.     

Specificity of action of piperidylcholine derivatives as substrates of cholinesterases of various origin

The review deals with study of enzymologic properties of a novel highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate, N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium iodomethylate (“piperidylcholine”), and its 30 derivatives that were tested as effectors of cholinesterases of mammals and various species of Pacific squids. It was proven for the first time that responsible for specificity of action was structure of cyclic ammonium grouping of the alcohol part of molecule of the ester substrate. Analysis of specificity is performed based on enzymatic hydrolysis parameters—activity of catalytic center of cholinesterases and bimolecular constant of the reaction rate that are determined at optimal and low substrate concentrations. Among the specially synthesized group of thioester compounds there is revealed one more highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate—N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium.     

Interconnection of parameters of regulation system of lipid peroxidation and of morphophysiological parameters of mouse liver

A complex analysis of seasonal fluctuations of the mean group parameters of the system of regulation of lipid peroxidation has been performed in liver of Balb/c mice. Association of lipid characteristics and morphophysiological parameters is studied in the Balb/c mouse liver. An inter-connection is revealed between the liver index and the amount of lysoforms of phospholipids, the scale and character of the interconnection differing essentially depending on proportion of phos-phatidylcholine in mouse liver phospholipids.