猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒S1株基因组序列测定和分析

应用RT-PCR方法分段扩增出PRRSV上海分离株S1毒株的4条基因大片段,扩增后的产物分别克隆于pCR-XL-TOPO载体鉴定后测序,同时应用RACE方法对S1毒株的3'和5'基因末端进行了成功的扩增并克隆于pMD-18T载体进行测序,按顺序将这些序列进行拼接得到PRRSV S1株全基因组cDNA序列.测序结果表明PRRSV S1株基因组全长15441 bp,包含9个开放式阅读框,5'UTR含有189nt,3'端UTR含有181nt,其中包含30nt Poly (A).基因组序列分析结果显示该病毒与ATCC VR-2332和BJ-4分离株的核苷酸同源性分别99.5%和99.6%.与另一国内分离株CH-1a的核苷酸同源性为90.8%.     

一起无菌性脑膜炎疫情中埃可病毒30型的全基因组分析

对引起一起无菌性脑膜炎的埃可病毒30型（（Echovirus 30,E30）毒株进行全基因组测序,并分析其遗传变异和分子进化特征。提取病毒RNA,荧光RT-PCR确定为肠道病毒,再扩增其VP1区,测序确定为E30,设计针对E30全基因组的引物,RT-PCR扩增和序列测定获得全基因序列。利用DNAMAN 9.0、MEGA X、RDP 5和SimPlot 3.5.1软件分析全基因序列。E30无锡株基因组全长7 425 bp个核苷酸（nt）,5′端和3′端分别为743 nt和97 nt的UTR,二个UTR之间为一个6 585 nt长的开放阅读框,编码一个含2 195个氨基酸（aa）的多聚蛋白。与GenBank中基因组序列比对,最同源的是毒株USA/2017/CA-RGDS-1048 （基因登录号：MN153801）,核苷酸同源性为97.5%,氨基酸同源性为99.1%。VP1基因进化树分析显示,E30无锡株属于h型,并可归类于h型下分的基因簇GroupⅣ。种系进化分析和同源性分析提示E30无锡株可上溯到中国江苏毒株FDJS03毒株。分析还发现E30无锡株在非结构区存在重组,重组序列可能来自E3...     

中国6株狂犬病病毒街毒株全基因组测序与分析

实验研究中对分离于中国的6株狂犬病病毒街毒株进行了全基因组测序,对基因组的5个结构基因(N、P、M、G和L)的核苷酸和推断的氨基酸序列以及非编码区序列进行了分析与比较,并与来自GenBank的40株毒株从全基因组水平进行了分子进化分析。所测6株中国狂犬病病毒街毒株的全基因组核苷酸序列长度介于11 907 nt(CQ92)和11 924 nt(SH06和gg4)之间,基因组结构相同,用全基因组和不同的结构基因构建的进化树拓扑结构相似,基因组3′和5′末端高度保守而且末端11个核苷酸互补配对,5个结构基因的保守性依次是NLMGP,核苷酸同源性的最小值依次分别是81.9%、81.7%、80.7%、78.3%和76.7%。     

我国登革 4型病毒 B5株基因组全序列的测定及分析(英文)

 对我国登革 4型病毒 B5株 (D4- B5)基因组进行全序列测定及分析 ,为研究病毒基因组结构与功能的关系及研制新型登革疫苗奠定基础 .根据登革 4型病毒 81 4669株的序列设计特异引物 ,通过 RT- PCR扩增出 D4- B5株不同长度的片段 ,分别克隆到 p GEM- T载体 ,将挑取的阳性克隆进行 PCR、酶切鉴定及序列测定 .结果显示 ,D4- B5株的基因组全长 1 0 665nt,5′和 3′非编码区分别为 1 0 1 nt和 40 3nt,中间一个长 1 0 1 61 nt的开放读码框架 ,编码 3387个氨基酸 .与 D4- 81 4669株比较 ,两者核苷酸序列同源性为 93.0 8% ,氨基酸序列同源性为 96.58% .D4- B5株的基因组全序列与 D4- 81 4669株类似 ,但也有较大差异 .同源进化分析表明 ,D4- B5株的基因型为 型 ,与登革 4型病毒菲律宾分离株亲缘关系较近 .这是首次报道的我国登革 4型病毒分离株基因组全序列 ,对研究病毒基因组结构与功能的关系 ,探讨我国毒株的地理来源及研制适合我国人群的新型登革疫苗具有一定的意义 .     

一株辛德毕斯病毒的基因组序列测定及分析

目的：对引进的一株辛德毕斯病毒的基因组序列进行测定,阐明其与已报道毒株序列的关系。方法：对辛德毕斯病毒基因组编码区进行分段RT-PCR扩增,对非编码区采用RACE法进行扩增,将扩增产物直接进行测序,应用DNAStar软件将测序结果拼接得到基因组序列,采用MEGA3.1软件对9株辛德毕斯病毒基因组序列进行系统进化发生树的构建。结果与结论：此株辛德毕斯病毒基因组共11663nt,编码3745个氨基酸残基,其中5＇端的2/3基因组编码4种非结构蛋白NSp1、NSp2、NSp3和NSp4,3＇端的1/3基因组编码5种结构蛋白E1、E2、E3、6K和C;结构基因和非结构基因之间有48nt的连接区为非翻译区;病毒基因组5＇末端和3＇末端分别有59、318nt的非编码区;序列同源性分析结果表明,此株病毒与S.A.AR86株的同源性最高,两者核苷酸序列的同源性为99.7%,氨基酸序列的同源性为99.6%,而与本室保存的另一辛德毕斯病毒MEI株的遗传进化关系稍远,系统进化发生树处于不同分支上。     

兔出血症病毒（RHDV）WHNRH株的分离鉴定及基因组全序列的测定与分析

从发病长毛兔中分离鉴定了兔病毒性出血症病毒WHNRH株。参考GenBank中已登录的RHDV毒株序列对RHDV WHNRH分离株进行了全基因组序列测定与分析。设计5对扩增区段相互重叠的RHDV特异性引物,扩增除5′和3′末端以外的序列,采用设计锚引物的5′RACE方法以及针对RHDV 3′末端的polyA结构设计引物获得了RHDV WHNRH株的5′和3′末端序列。胶回收各PCR产物,连接pMD 18-T克隆载体,测得RHDV WHNRH分离株的基因组全长为7437nt(不包括polyA),与GenBank公布的全部共6株RHDV全基因序列进行同源性比较分析,同源性在89.0%~97.1%之间,ORF1同源性为89.0%~97.1%,编码氨基酸序列的同源性为95.2%~98.7%;ORF2的核酸苷序列同源性为92.1%~97.7%,编码氨基酸序列的同源性为94.1%~96.6%。     

1株梅花鹿源狂犬病街毒株全基因组测序与分析

对1株梅花鹿源性狂犬病街毒株(DRV)进行全基因组克隆,对全长cDNA进行测序分析.RT-PCR扩增克隆覆盖全基因组9个重叠基因片段,基因组3'和5'末端采取3,-RACE和5'-RACE方法,9个重叠基因片段序列拼接得到DRV全基因组cDNA序列,共11 863个核苷酸.DRV毒株全基因组构成与其他狂犬病毒基因组构成相似,由5个编码区组成,基因起始位点和终止位点高度保守,在核蛋白和糖蛋白的重要抗原位点有个别氨基酸发生变异,对已完成全基因组测序的几个基因1型毒株分别进行了N、P、M、G、L基因核苷酸及氨基酸的同源性比较.与其他具有代表性的毒株进行N基因序列比较建立的系统进化树表明,DRV毒株属于基因1型,与中国人用疫苗株3aG同源性最高为94%,与分类位置未确定的北高加索毒株(WCBV)的同源性最低为71%.本研究结果可为狂犬病毒各项分子生物学研究提供理论参考.     

中国狂犬病疫苗生产株CTN-1全基因序列分析

本文首次对我国现行狂犬病疫苗生产用毒株CTN-1进行全长基因组序列测定和分析,为CTN-1疫苗在我国实际应用中的优势提供理论基础。利用RT-PCR方法分段扩增CTN-1全基因组序列,随后将PCR产物克隆到T载体、测序、拼接,用MegAlign软件比较CTN-1全基因组序列与国内外狂犬病疫苗株和街毒株全基因组序列的同源性;再以糖蛋白(G)基因为模板,用ClustalX和MEGA4软件进行系统进化分析。测序结果表明CTN-1全基因组序列的长度为11925nt(GenBank登录号FJ959397),序列分析表明CTN-1为基因Ⅰ型;CTN-1株全基因组序列与国内外狂犬病疫苗株和街毒株全基因组之间的同源性是81.5%～93.4%;与美国蝙蝠分离株SHBRV18的同源性最低,仅为81.5%;与新近从中国国内分离的野毒株HN10株的同源性最高,达93.4%。系统进化分析结果表明,CTN-1与国内不同地区大多数分离的狂犬病街毒株聚类于同一组内;而我国另一疫苗株aG株与国外疫苗株如Flury、PM、PV、ERA、RC-HL和个别中国街毒株分在另一组内。G基因氨基酸对比也显示CTN-1株与国内大多数街毒株的同源性高于其他疫苗株,结果说明CTN-1株较其他疫苗株病毒更适合制备用于预防中国狂犬病的灭活疫苗。     

黑蜂王台病毒中国BQCV-JL1株的分离鉴定及全基因组序列分析

收集吉林蜂场的蜜蜂蜂蛹病料的RNA作为扩增模板,依据GenBank公布的黑蜂王台病毒(Black queen cell virus,BQCV)的全基因组序列,自行设计了10对引物,运用RT-PCR首次获得中国BQCV毒株的全基因组序列,命名为中国BQCV-JL1株。其全基因组序列由8 358个碱基组成,与GenBank公布的其他6株BQCV毒株的全基因组序列相比,同源性为86%~93%。中国BQCV-JL1株ORF 1的位置为546nt~4 676nt(4 131nt),ORF 2位于5 750nt~8 203nt,两个ORFs之间存在一段长为543nt(4 891nt~5 433nt)的ORF3。中国BQCV-JL1株第一个基因功能区ORF1′的位置为546nt~5 429nt,包含ORF 1和ORF 3。在ORF2之前存在内部核糖体进入位点(IRES),其末尾3碱基为CCU(5 642nt~5 644nt),为促进ORF 2翻译的起始密码子,中国BQCV-JL1株第二个基因功能区ORF2′的位置为5 642nt~8 203nt。中国BQCV-JL1株与Hungary 10(EF517515)同源性最高(93%),且分析核苷酸序列和氨基酸序列,与South Korea(JX149531)株最接近,表明中国BQCV-JL1株与South Korea(JX149531)株均有可能来自欧洲。中国BQCV-JL1株与其他6株全基因组序列在ORF位置划分上存在差异,其原因是部分位置发生基因突变。     

陕西省9株乙脑病毒的分离及E基因序列分析

分析陕西省分离的9株乙脑病毒基因组序列特征。使用乙脑病毒全基因组序列测定引物进行RT-PCR扩增,扩增产物进行测序,拼接后获得基因组序列。利用MEGA 4.1、MegAlin、MEGA7.0等软件进行毒株的系统进化分析,并与P3株、减毒活疫苗SA14-14-2株及覆盖5个基因型别的其他乙脑病毒进行E基因序列比对。9株分离株3株分离自猪舍、6株分离自羊舍,其中4株获得全基因组序列,5株测得E基因序列。基于E基因序列进行毒株核苷酸、氨基酸同源性比较,结果显示分离株均与基因I型GI-b亚型毒株核苷酸和氨基酸同源性最高,核苷酸同源性范围为96.5%～99.7%、氨基酸同源性范围99.2%～100.0%;与SA14-14-2株核苷酸同源性范围为87.5%～88.9%、氨基酸同源性范围96.3%～97.2%;与P3株核苷酸同源性范围为87.6%～88.1%、氨基酸同源性范围96.7%～97.6%。分析09年（陕南地区）分离株与18年（关中地区）分离株的E基因核苷酸差异率为1.8%～2.9%、氨基酸差异率为0%～0.8%。陕西省自然界中循环的乙脑病毒以基因Ⅰ型为主,与P3株在抗原毒力关键位点无差异,...     

六种藓类植物茎的比较解剖学研究

通过对6种藓类植物,即褶叶青藓(Brachythecium salebrosum(Web.et Mohr.)B.S.G.)、湿地匐灯藓(Plagiomnium acutum(Lindb.)Kop.)、侧枝匐灯藓(Plagiomnium maximoviczii(Lindb.)Kop.)、大凤尾藓(Fissidensnobilis Griff.)、大羽藓(Thuidium cymbifolium(Doz.et Molk.)B.S.G.)和大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme Wils.)嫩茎和老茎的石蜡切片和显微观察发现,同一藓类植株的嫩茎和老茎,茎结构稳定,不同种藓类植物茎横切面具有不同特征.植物体茎横切面形状、表层细胞的层数、细胞大小和细胞壁厚薄、皮层细胞大小和形状、中轴的有无以及比例等特征可以作为藓类植物的分科分类依据之一.     

Photoregulation of seed germination of wild-type and of an aurea-mutant of tomato

Seed germination of an aurea mutant of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is promoted by continuous irradiation with red, far-red or long-wavelength far-red (758 nm) light as well as by cyclic irradiations (5 min red or 5 min far-red/25 min darkness). Far-red light applied immediately after each red does not change the germination behaviour. Seed germination of the isogenic wild-type, cv. UC-105, is promoted by continuous and cyclic red light while it is inhibited by continuous and cyclic far-red light and by continious 758 nm irradiation. Far-red irradiation reverses almost completely the promoting effect of red light. The promoting effect (in the aurea mutant) and the inhibitory effect (in the wild-type) of continuous far-red light do not show photon fluence rate dependency above 20 nmol m⁻² s⁻¹. It is concluded that phytochrome controls tomato seed germination throgh low energy responses in both the wild type and the au mutant. The promoting effect of continuous and cyclic far-red light in the au mutant can be attributed to a greater sensitivity to P_fr.     

Cause of Senescence of Nine Sorts of Flowers

The levels of endogenous phytohormones and respiratory rate in nine sorts of flowers such as Cymbidium faberi Rolfe, Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth and others were investigated both at full bloom and senescence and meanwhile the effect of exogenous phytohormones on prolonging the blossoms and promoting ethylene production were tested. There is a high content of endogenous ethylene in all the long-lived flowere, about 3–16 folds higer than the short-lived ones. There is a high level of ABA at full blooming flowers of short-lived flowers, in which there is no or only some cytokinins in it, but the ratio of CTK (6BA+zeatin)/ABA is smaller(l.7). The endogenous ABA reached a much higher level at senescence in all nine sorts of flowers, so it is reasonable to consider that it is ABA which plays an important role of regulation in controlling flower's senescence. There is a much higher level of GA3 and zeatin in the long-lived flowers which is not demonstrated in the shortlived ones. The respiratory rate is one of the factors controtling the longevity of flowers, but it does not play a decided role. Application of 6BA and zeatin prolongs distinctly orchid’s longevity, however exogenous IAA through the promotive action on ethylene production, evidently extends the longevity of the flowers of the Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth.     

Interconnection of parameters of regulation system of lipid peroxidation and of morphophysiological parameters of mouse liver

A complex analysis of seasonal fluctuations of the mean group parameters of the system of regulation of lipid peroxidation has been performed in liver of Balb/c mice. Association of lipid characteristics and morphophysiological parameters is studied in the Balb/c mouse liver. An inter-connection is revealed between the liver index and the amount of lysoforms of phospholipids, the scale and character of the interconnection differing essentially depending on proportion of phos-phatidylcholine in mouse liver phospholipids.     

龙胆科药用植物化学成分的研究现状

龙胆科植物在我国的分布范围很广,且多数为药用植物,其多数种属的药用植物,至今其化学成分尚未被系统研究。综述了目前龙胆科药用植物的化学成分的研究现状及一般提取方法,对近年来发现的环烯醚萜及裂环烯醚萜类化合物进行了总结,为本科药用植物的更深入研究提供了参考。     

Physiological characteristics of various species of strains of carboxydobacteria

Seven strains of aerobic carbon monoxide-oxidizing bacteria (carboxydebacteria) when growing on CO as sole source of carbon and energy had doubling times which ranged from 12–42 h. The activity profiles obtained after discontinuous sucrose density gradient centrifugation indicated that the CO-oxidizing enzymes are soluble and the hydrogenases are membrane-bound in all strains examined. The CO-oxidizing enzymes of Pseudomonas carboxydohydrogena, Pseudomonas carboxydoflava, Comamonas compransoris, and the so far unidentified strains OM2, OM3, and OM4 had a molecular weight of 230,000; that of Achromobacter carboxydus amounted to 170,000. The molecular weights of the CO-oxidizing and H₂-oxidizing enzymes turned out to be identical. The cell sonicates were shown to catalyze the oxidation of both CO and H₂ with methylene blue, thionine, phenazine methosulfate, toluylene blue, dichlorophenolindophenol, cytochrome c or ferricyanide as electron acceptors. Methyl viologen, benzyl viologen, FAD⁺, FMN⁺, and NAD(P)⁺ were not reduced. The spectrum of electron acceptors was identical for all strains tested. Neither free formate, hydrogen nor oxygen gas were involved in the CO-oxidation reaction. Methylene blue was reduced by CO at a 1:1 molar ratio. The results indicate that CO-oxidation by carboxydobacteria is catalyzed by identical or similar enzymes and that the reaction obeys the equation CO+H₂OCO₂+2H⁺+2e^- as previously shown for Pseudomonas carboxydovorans.Dedicated to Otto Kandler remembering almost three decades of enjoyable cooperation     

Modulation of allostery of pyruvate kinase by shifting of an ensemble of microstates

Since the introduction of the concepts of allostery about four decades ago, much advancement has been made in elucidating the structure-function correlation in allostery. However, there are still a number of issues that remain unresolved. In this review we used mammalian pyruvate kinase (PK) as a model system to understand the role of protein dynamics in modulating cooperativity. PK has a triosephosphate isomerase (TIM)(α/β)₈ barrel structural motif. PK is an ideal system to address basic questions regarding regulatory mechanisms about this common (α/β)₈ structural motif. The simplest model accounting for all of the solution thermodynamic and kinetic data on ligand-enzyme interactions involves two conformational states, inactive E^T and active E^R. These conformational states are represented by domain movements. Further studies provide the first evidence for a differential effect of ligand binding on the dynamics of the structural elements, not major secondary structural changes. These data are consistent with our model that allosteric regulation of PK is the consequence of perturbation of the distribution of an ensemble of states in which the inactive E^T and active E^R represent the two extreme end states. Sequence differences and ligands can modulate the distribution of states leading to alterations of functions. The future work includes: defining the network of functionally connected residues; elucidating the chemical principles governing the sequence differences which affect functions; and probing the nature of mutations on the stability of the secondary structural elements, which in turn modulate allostery.     

（鱼句）亚科花（鱼骨）型鱼类骨骼系统的比较

对我国花型Hemibarbuspattern鱼类作了骨骼系统比较,结果表明,此类型鱼类脑颅较长,副蝶骨平直或稍弯曲,眶蝶骨腹纵嵴发达(铜鱼Coreius septentrionalis例外),下颞窝和咽突中等大,基枕骨后突发达;脑颅中的上筛骨的后突、侧筛骨的外筛突,蝶耳骨的外突、上耳骨的后突、围眶骨和后颞窝等均有明显的差异;咽颅中的舌颌骨、尾舌骨、鳃盖骨和下咽齿的列数等又有显著的区别;附肢骨骼中的腰带骨、脊椎骨中的复合神经骨和第4椎骨腹侧的悬器等也有不同之处。据此,这些差异和区别可作为属间或种间的分类依据。