根癌农杆菌介导的水稻高效转化系统的建立

比较了影响根癌农杆菌转化水稻的各种因素后,建立了农杆菌介导的水稻高效转基因实验体系。按该体系,水稻品种中花11号预培养4d的幼胚经农杆菌EHA105／pCAMBIA1301感染后,具有GUS基因瞬间表达的幼胚比例在50％以上,最高可达90％;按产生潮霉素抗性愈伤和转基因植株的比例计算,转化率分别达到87．6％和64．6％。转基因植株总DNA的Southern杂交分析表明T－DNA上的外源基因已整合进了水稻基因组,且在大多数转基因植株中表现为单拷贝插入;遗传分析证明T1代的表型分离符合孟德尔法则。此转化系统的建立为高效地将有用的外源DNA导入水稻植株奠定了基础。     

新城疫病毒融合蛋白在转基因水稻叶片中的表达及其免疫原性

利用转基因植物作为生物反应器表达抗原蛋白具有广阔的应用前景。以新城疫病毒融合蛋白（NDVF）基因1.7kb全长编码区序列为外源基因与组成型表达的玉米泛素蛋白基因（Ubi）启动子和农杆菌胭脂碱合成酶基因（nos）终止子组成嵌合基因,构建了适宜于农杆菌介导转化水稻的转化载体pUNDV,经根癌农杆菌介导的遗传转化方法将由Ubi动子驱动的NDVF嵌合基因导入水稻细胞中,经潮霉素抗性筛选,共再生获得了6个独立的转基因株系。PCR分析结果表明NDVF基因已整合到水稻基因组中。ELISA和Western blot分析结果证实NDVF蛋白在部分转基因水稻叶片组织中获得表达,其中植株F5叶片组织中具有较高的表达水平。将F5叶片可溶性总蛋白皮下注射免疫BALB／c小鼠,结果表明能够诱导小鼠产生一定水平的NDVF蛋白特异抗体。     

根癌农杆菌介导的转新城疫病毒融合蛋白基因水稻植株的获得

利用转基因植物作为生物反应器可以表达重组蛋白、生产外源蛋白质,也可以成为动物疫苗的廉价生产系统。以编码新城疫病毒融合蛋白(NDV-F)的基因为外源基因,以玉米泛素蛋白(Ubi)启动子为启动子,以潮霉素磷酸转移酶(HPT)基因作为选择标记基因,β-半乳糖苷酸酶(GUS)基因作为报告基因构建了适宜于农杆菌介导转化水稻的表达质粒pUNDV,并通过农杆菌介导转化水稻,获得了多株转基因植株。通过PCR分析和GUS活性检测,证实含有NDV-F基因的T-DNA已整合到水稻核基因组中,为研制廉价安全的转基因水稻新城疫基因工程疫苗奠定了基础。     

转新城疫病毒融合蛋白基因水稻植株的获得

以编码新城疫病毒融合蛋白(NDV—F)基因为外源基因,与玉米泛素蛋白(Ubi)启动子和农杆菌胭脂碱合成酶基因(NOS)终止子构建成嵌合基因,构建了适宜于农杆菌介导转化水稻的表达质粒pUNDV;并以潮霉素磷酸转移酶(HPT)基因作选择标记基因、β-半乳糖苷酸酶(GUS)基因作报告基因,借助于农杆菌介导转化水稻,获得了多株转基因植株。PCR分析和GUS活性检测结果证实含有NDV—F基冈的T—DNA已整合到水稻基因组中,为研制廉价的转基因水稻新城疫基因工程疫苗奠定了基础。     

农杆菌介导的转化芦荟的研究

芦荟（Aloe）是美容和医疗保健工业的重要植物资源,然而基因工程途径改良芦荟鲜有报道。本实验研究了次氯酸钠、升汞不同浓度和时间对芦荟外植体的灭菌效果,比较了芦荟不同部位（叶片、叶鞘和茎段）的再生能力,利用GUS基因瞬间表达技术（X-Gluc染色）探讨了不同农杆菌对不同芦荟外植体的侵染效果,确定了G418筛选剂在芦荟转化后的最适筛选浓度,摸索了适宜于农杆菌—芦荟共培养用培养基组成和共培养条件,通过转化、筛选和移栽共获得了67棵抗性再生植株,进一步对抗性再生植株进行了PCR、Southern blotting和ELISA检测。结果表明,芦荟外植体灭菌方法为20.0%次氯酸钠溶液浸泡25min,效果优于利用0.1%升汞灭菌处理,茎部切段的再生能力高于叶片切段和叶鞘切段,适宜的共培养条件为芦荟外植体浸泡在含有农杆菌的液体共培养基中半小时后,在无菌滤纸上、24℃、10h光照共培养3天;EHA105农杆菌菌系对芦荟茎部细胞的侵染能力明显强于C58C1,EHA105侵染后GUS基因瞬时表达率达到了80.0%左右,而C58C1侵染后GUS基因瞬时表达率只有30.0%左右。G418用于筛选抗性再生芽和抗性植株的适宜浓度为10.0～25.0mg/L。PCR和Southern blotting检测证实外源基因已成功整合到芦荟基因组中,转化效率为0.9%,单拷贝整合占80.0%,2～3拷贝整合占20.0%,ELISA检测证明外源基因已在转基因芦荟中稳定表达。综上所述,初步建立了农杆菌介导转化芦荟的技术体系,为利用基因工程途径改良芦荟奠定了基础。     

鸡α干扰素基因遗传转化烟草研究

利用植物生物反应器生产外源药用蛋白近年来备受关注,本研究通过农杆菌介导法,将人工合成的鸡α干扰素基因（ChIFN-α）转化烟草（Nicotiana tabctcum）无菌苗叶盘。对抗性植株进行的GUS活性鉴定,PCR和RT-PCR检测表明,ChIFN-α基因已整合到烟草基因组中并具有转录活性,ELISA检测和细胞病变（CPE）抑制试验表明转基因烟草表达的干扰素蛋白具有抗病毒活性。     

影响根癌农杆菌介导水稻转化的因素分析

根癌农杆菌与来自水稻成熟种子盾片的愈伤组织共培养,将GUS基因导入水稻愈伤组织,并获得了转基因植株。通过比较影响根癌农杆菌转化频率的各种因素,表明激素配比为2,4-D1mg/L、TDZ0.5mg/L、NAA1mg/L时,可以大大促进籼稻愈伤组织的分化能力;酚类化合物的加入使农杆菌的转化频率提高8.9%-23.5%;共培养时农杆菌的稀释方式及适当调整潮霉素（hygB）的使用浓度影响到农杆菌的转化频率。     

水稻谷蛋白GluA-2基因5′上游序列控制下的UidA基因在转基因水稻胚乳中的表达模式

为了研究谷蛋白胚乳特异性表达启动子在我国栽培稻品种中的表达模式,将UidA基因分别置于水稻谷蛋白GluA—2基因750bp和2．3kb上游序列下游,利用农杆菌转化法导人栽培稻品种中花8号并获得转基因植株。Southern blot检测表明,UidA基因已经整合到水稻基因组当中并以单拷贝存在。Northern blot检测表明,开花后13～15d和11～13d,UidA基因和水稻内源的GluA—2基因的表达量分别达到最高,随后逐渐降低。对转基因植株种子的GUS染色表明,UidA基因仅在胚乳中表达,在糊粉层中GUS表达量最高。测定了2．3kb和750bp转基因植株种子的GUS活性,结果表明前者的GUS活性是后者的2～3倍。序列分析表明,位于GluA—2基因转录启始位点上游2170bD的G-box可能是一个与表达量相关的顺式调控元件。     

GUS基因拷贝数对转基因在受体植物烟草中表达的影响

对农杆菌介导法获得的转 β_葡糖醛酸酶 (β_glucuronidase ,GUS)基因 (uidA)烟草 (NicotianatabacumL .)进行GUS表达分析 ,发现部分转基因植株无GUS活性。进一步Southern杂交结果发现 ,GUS基因失活植株的基因组中整合了多个uidA拷贝 ,而GUS活性高的转基因植株多为uidA单拷贝整合 ,表明uidA基因失活与基因多拷贝整合有关。Northern杂交结果显示 ,失活植株无特异uidARNA杂交带 ,而GUS活性高的植株可检测到明显的杂交信号 ,说明多拷贝引起的基因失活发生在RNA水平。     

简单高效的根癌农杆菌介导的水稻基因转化方法

本文在研究影响农杆菌介导的水稻转化的主要因素基础上,建立了一套简单、高效的水稻转基因系统。将水稻成熟胚来源的愈伤组织用农杆菌EHA101/pHQ9,EHA 101/pHQ 10,EHA 101/pHQ T3感染后,筛选抗性愈伤,经分化获得转化株。抗性愈伤的平均得率为约100个愈伤/g愈伤外植体,抗性愈伤的分化频率平均高达85%。转基因植株的GUS染色、Southern杂交结果表明,T-DNA上的外源基因已整合进转基因植物的基因组中。转基因植株T1代对潮霉素的抗性表明,多数转基因株系符合孟德尔分离比3∶1。该系统的建立将有助于应用T-DNA标签法和基因打靶法进行水稻功能基因组的研究。     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Enterovirus 71 3C proteolytically processes the histone H3 N-terminal tail during infection

Highlights
1. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 is specifically cleaved during EV71 infection.
2. Viral protease 3C is identified as a protease responsible for proteolytically processing the N-terminal H3 tail.
3. Our finding reveals a new epigenetic regulatory mechanism for Enterovirus 71 in virus-host interactions.     

Detection of EBV and HHV6 in the Brain Tissue of Patients with Rasmussen’s Encephalitis

Rasmussen’s encephalitis (RE) is a rare pediatric neurological disorder, and the exact etiology is not clear. Viral infection may be involved in the pathogenesis of RE, but conflicting results have reported. In this study, we evaluated the expression of both Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human herpes virus (HHV) 6 antigens in brain sections from 30 patients with RE and 16 control individuals by immunohistochemistry. In the RE group, EBV and HHV6 antigens were detected in 56.7% (17/30) and 50% (15/30) of individuals, respectively. In contrast, no detectable EBV and HHV6 antigen expression was found in brain tissues of the control group. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in 20.0% (6/30) of individuals. In particular, a 4-year-old boy had a typical clinical course, including a medical history of viral encephalitis, intractable epilepsy, and hemispheric atrophy. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in neurons and astrocytes in the brain tissue, accompanied by a high frequency of CD8⁺ T cells. Our results suggest that EBV and HHV6 infection and the activation of CD8⁺ T cells are involved in the pathogenesis of RE.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.