蒺藜内生真菌抗氧化活性菌株的筛选

为研究21株蒺藜内生真菌的抗氧化活性及筛选出一株抗氧化活性较好的菌株,本实验首先以总抗氧化能力为指标评价PDB培养基和察氏培养基发酵条件下所有菌株的抗氧化活性,选出总抗氧化能力都较强的前9株菌株测定其对DPPH·自由基、羟自由基和超氧阴离子自由基的清除作用,发现JL13、JL14和JL17菌株发酵产物的清除效果最为明显,因此对三株菌株发酵产物乙酸乙酯萃取部位清除自由基的活性进一步评价,结果显示:JL13菌株发酵产物清除DPPH·自由基、羟自由基和超氧阴离子自由基的能力都是最强的,ECs0依次为149.67、439.91和514.77μg/mL.该结果表明,蒺藜内生真菌具有较好的抗氧化潜力,具有一定的开发利用价值,尤其是JL13菌株,可以作为进一步实验研究的对象.     

恒山黄芪和宁夏枸杞的多糖体外抗氧化活性比较研究

以恒山黄芪和宁夏枸杞为材料,采用超声波法提取其多糖成分,比较分析恒山黄芪多糖、宁夏枸杞多糖以及二者复合多糖的抗氧化活性,为开发新的天然抗氧化剂提供依据。结果显示:(1)恒山黄芪多糖的总抗氧化能力[T-AOC=(0.67±0.12)U/mg]和超氧阴离子自由基清除能力(EC50=2.34 mg/mL)均高于宁夏枸杞多糖[TAOC=(0.52±0.07)U/mg,EC50=4.28mg/mL],而恒山黄芪多糖的羟自由基清除能力(EC50=1.36mg/mL)则低于宁夏枸杞多糖(EC50=0.98mg/mL)。(2)在相同浓度下,二者按照1∶1比例配成的复合多糖总抗氧化能力[T-AOC=(0.79±0.02)U/mg]、羟自由基清除能力(EC50=0.84mg/mL)、超氧阴离子自由基清除能力(EC50=1.37mg/mL)均高于单种多糖。(3)恒山黄芪多糖、宁夏枸杞多糖以及二者复合多糖的抗氧化能力均与其浓度呈正相关关系。研究表明,恒山黄芪多糖具有较好的抗氧化活性,是具有开发潜力的天然抗氧化物质,且恒山黄芪多糖与宁夏枸杞多糖复合配伍后具有协同效应,抗氧化活性增强。为开发新的天然抗氧化剂提供参考。     

4种珍稀食用菌水提物的抗氧化活性研究

用DPPH自由基清除法、羟基自由基清除法和超氧阴离子自由基清除法对4种珍稀食用菌灵芝、云芝、茶树菇、松茸的水提物进行抗氧化活性评价,为更好评价其抗氧化活性,以维生素C作为阳性对照。实验结果显示：4种食用菌水提物具有不同程度的抗氧化活性。云芝对DPPH自由基的清除能力最强,其IC₅₀值为1.46 mg/mL,维生素C清除DPPH自由基的IC₅₀为0.046 mg/mL;茶树菇对清除羟基自由基的清除能力最强,其IC₅₀值为1.41 mg/mL,云芝和松茸也有较强清除羟自由基能力,其IC₅₀值分别为1.56、1.57 mg/mL,三者的清除能力均明显优于阳性对照样品,维生素C清除羟自由基的IC₅₀为2.41 mg/mL;灵芝和云芝有较强清除超氧阴离子自由基能力,其IC₅₀值分别为124.48、138.28 mg/mL。     

葎草多糖含量测定及其抗氧化性研究

对8月和10月采集的葎草全草、嫩头、叶和茎中多糖含量进行测定,并对各部位提取纯化的多糖进行体外抗氧化作用研究。结果表明,8月份嫩头中多糖含量最高,达到(42.897±2.996)mg/g;浓度为5mg/mL的各部位葎草多糖溶液,对Fenton反应生成的羟自由基具有较强的清除能力,达85.15%～98.52%;对邻苯三酚自氧化法产生的超氧阴离子自由基也有较好的抑制能力,达57.15%～67.54%。葎草多糖对羟自由基和超氧阴离子自由基具有较高的清除能力。     

家蝇幼虫提取物清除氧自由基的作用

探讨了家蝇Musca domesticaL.幼虫提取物对氧自由基的清除作用。采用脱氧核糖-铁体系和邻苯三酚自氧化体系分别测定了不同浓度的提取物对羟自由基和超氧阴离子自由基的清除率,同时采用H2O2氧化体系测定了提取物的抗氧化值。结果显示家蝇幼虫提取物对羟自由基和超氧阴离子自由基的IC50分别为1.93 mg/mL和3.26 mg/mL;浓度为0.5%的提取物的抗氧化值为9.01 mg/g,为同浓度维生素C抗氧化值的1.29倍。     

酿酒葡萄皮渣中白藜芦醇的抗氧化活性研究

本文利用甲醇溶剂对酿酒葡萄皮渣进行浸提,得到白藜芦醇粗提物.粗提物通过硅胶柱层析进行纯化.然后,研究了白藜芦醇的氧自由基、超氧阴离子自由基、羟自由基、DPPH自由基的清除能力.结果显示:白藜芦醇具有很强的自由基清除能力和抗氧化能力,并且随着浓度的增加,抗氧化能力增强.     

瓜尔豆种皮酶解提取物抗氧化性研究

以3种蛋白酶对瓜尔豆种皮活性肽进行酶解分离,通过总抗氧化能力测定,筛选出木瓜蛋白酶水解提取物总抗氧化能力最强,分别为碱性蛋白酶和中性蛋白酶水解提取物的1．95倍和3．34倍。在清除超氧阴离子自由基的测定中,木瓜蛋白酶水解提取物也表现出较强的清除能力,清除率随水解溶液浓度的增加呈正量效关系,当溶液浓度为5．45mg/mL时,清除率达43．37％。通过实验证实瓜尔豆种皮酶解提取物与大豆多肽一样有较强的抗氧化能力。     

南瓜醇提物的体外抗氧化活性(英文)

采用化学体系模拟法体外测定南瓜醇提物((pumpkin ethanol extract,PEE)对1,1-二苯基-2-苦苯肼自由基(DPPH·)、超氧阴离子自由基(O2)和羟自由基(·OH)的清除能力,总还原力,对β-胡萝卜素/亚油酸自氧化体系的总抗氧化能力以及脂质过氧化的抑制能力.结果显示PEE对DPPH·、02-和·OH均有较强的清除能力,IC50值分别为18.8 mg/mL、29.0 ms/mL和44.9μg/mL,有显著的还原力和总抗氧化力,对脂质过氧化有一定的抑制作用.PEE的体外抗氧化活性均有良好的量效关系.上述结果为南瓜作为抗氧化的保健食品或功能食品开发利用提供了依据.     

Enterobacter cloacae Z0206细菌胞外多糖的体外抗氧化活性研究

本实验旨在对Enterobacter cloacae Z0206菌进行发酵培养,以制备胞外多糖,并对其体外抗氧化活性进行初步研究。通过产多糖菌E.cloacaeZ0206的深层发酵制备细菌胞外多糖,在此基础上对其清除DPPH自由基、超氧阴离子、抑制羟自由基的能力以及还原力等四个方面进行实验,评价其抗氧化活性。结果表明,深层发酵制备的E.cloacaeZ0206胞外多糖产量为6.62g/L,其在5mg/mL时对DPPH自由基和羟自由基的清除率分别达到61.57%和40.08%。提示E.cloacaeZ0206细菌胞外多糖具有显著的抗氧化能力,具有开发为抗氧化类食品或药品的潜力。     

电子顺磁共振对五种中草药抗氧化活性的研究

采用电子顺磁共振(EPR)技术,通过大黄、香青兰、香茅草、懈寄生和骆驼蓬子五种中草药对1,1-二苯基-2-苦基肼自由基(DPPH)、羟基自由基(·OH)和超氧阴离子自由基(O-·2)3种自由基清除能力大小的比较,研究了大黄等五种中草药抗氧化活性能力。这五种中草药对3种自由基均有一定的清除作用,其中大黄清除DPPH和超氧阴离子自由基的IC50小于0.5 mg/mL,清除羟基自由基的IC50=1.892 mg/mL。结果表明五种中草药中大黄的抗氧化活性能力最强,为中草药用于生物体的抗氧化应激研究提供依据。     

枇杷花茶水提物的镇咳、抗炎与抗氧化作用研究

采用小鼠氨水致咳法研究枇杷花茶水提物镇咳效果,以二甲苯致小鼠耳肿胀法研究其抗炎效果,并从枇杷花茶的还原能力及对超氧阴离子和羟自由基的清除作用分析枇杷花茶水提物的抗氧化效果。结果表明,枇杷花茶的水提物高剂量组(3000 mg·kg-1)、低剂量组(700 mg·kg-1)均有镇咳抗炎效果,水提物的浓度越高,效果越好。各浓度枇杷花茶水提物均表现出一定的还原能力,对于羟基自由基和超氧阴离子都有一定的清除效果。其中,20 mg·mL-1水提物还原效果最好(吸光值0.903),超过0.2 mg·mL-1抗坏血酸(吸光值0.814);10 mg·mL-1的水提物对超氧阴离子的清除率为47.32%;20 mg·mL-1水提物对于羟基自由基的清除效果非常明显,清除率为91.62%。枇杷花茶水提物镇咳、抗炎、抗氧化效果明显。     

印度块菌提取物抗氧化活性的研究

对印度块菌Tuber indicum子实体的提取物,包括55%乙醇粗提物(ECE)、石油醚提取物(PEF)和乙酸乙酯提取物(EAF)的清除DPPH自由基和羟基自由基能力、铁离子鳌合能力以及各提取物的总酚含量等进行了研究和测定,结果显示,3种提取物的清除自由基能力和铁离子鳌合能力具有显著差异(P0.05);ECE对DPPH自由基的清除活性最高,其EC50值为1.61g/L;EAF对羟基自由基及铁离子表现出较强的清除或螯合的能力,其EC50值分别为3.31g/L和0.70g/L;EAF的总酚含量(2.964mg GAE/g提取物)最高,其次是ECE,总酚含量为(2.618mg GAE/g提取物);PEF的清除自由基和铁离子鳌合能力较差,其总酚含量也最低(1.124mg GAE/g提取物);总酚含量与印度块菌提取物清除自由基以及鳌合铁离子的能力密切相关。     

The antioxidant activity of glucosamine hydrochloride in vitro

The antioxidant potency of chitin derivative-glucosamine hydrochloride was investigated employing various established in vitro systems, such as superoxide (O2*-)/hydroxyl (*OH)-radical scavenging, reducing power, and ferrous ion chelating potency. As expected, we obtained several satisfying results, as follows: first, glucosamine hydrochloride had pronounced scavenging effect on superoxide radical. For example, the O2*- scavenging activity of glucosamine hydrochloride was 83.74% at 0.8 mg/mL. Second, the *OH scavenging activity of glucosamine hydrochloride was also strong and was about 54.89% at 3.2 mg/mL. Third, the reducing power of glucosamine hydrochloride was more pronounced. The reducing power of glucosamine hydrochloride was 0.632 at 0.75 mg/mL. However, ferrous ion-chelating potency was soft. Furthermore, ferrous ion-chelating potency, the scavenging rate of radical, and the reducing power of glucosamine hydrochloride increased with their increasing concentration, and they were concentration dependent. The multiple antioxidant activity of glucosamine hydrochloride was evident as it showed considerable reducing power, superoxide/hydroxyl-radical scavenging ability. These in vitro results suggest the possibility that glucosamine hydrochloride could be effectively employed as an ingredient in health or functional food, to alleviate oxidative stress.     

青橄榄浸膏的提取及其抗氧化活性研究

为优化青橄榄浸膏提取工艺,并探讨其抗氧化性。以茂名盛产的青橄榄为原料,采用超声波辅助乙醇提取法,以总黄酮和总多酚得率为评价指标,考察各因素对青橄榄浸膏提取效果的影响。采用邻苯三酚自氧化法、结晶紫法和DPPH清除能力评价青橄榄浸膏的抗氧化活性。结果显示,浸膏的最佳提取工艺为:乙醇体积分数70%,料液比1∶18 (g∶mL),超声提取温度50℃,时间6 min(超声提取阶段);单纯有机溶剂提取温度60℃,时间45 min(有机溶剂浸提阶段);此条件下总黄酮得率为1. 76%,总多酚得率为15. 53%。终产物浸膏在0. 3 mg/mL浓度下对超氧阴离子自由基抑制率为22. 74%,相当于同等质量浓度的抗坏血酸抑制效果的23. 47%;在0. 02 mg/mL浓度下对羟基自由基的清除率为67. 32%,相当于同等质量浓度的抗坏血酸清除效果的112. 58%;在0. 2 mmol/mL的DPPH溶液体系中,0. 15 mg/mL的浸膏对DPPH的清除率为95. 40%,相当于同等质量浓度的抗坏血酸清除效果的140. 83%;总体来讲,浸膏具有良好的抗氧化能力,虽然对超氧阴离子自由基抑制率弱于抗坏血酸,但羟基自由基的清除率及DPPH清除率均优于抗坏血酸。     

咖啡和绿茶的抗氧化活性研究

茶和咖啡是全世界消费最多的饮料。该工作利用电子自旋共振(ESR)技术和ABTS〔2,2'-Azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)〕等方法,研究和比较了3种绿茶(龙井、碧螺春和毛峰)和3种咖啡的抗氧化活性,以及对ABTS 、DPPH、超氧阴离子、羟基自由基、单线态氧的清除作用和对脂质过氧化的抑制作用。利用高压液相色谱(HPLC)分析了绿茶中的抗氧化成分之一EGCG((-)-epigallocatechin gallate)和咖啡中的抗氧化成分之一绿原酸(chlorogenic acid5,CQA)的含量。结果发现,如果按每克剂量比较,对于清除ABTS 的能力而言,茶和咖啡水提取液对ABTS 清除能力各有千秋,咖啡水提取液的比龙井、毛峰水提取液的高,但与碧螺春无显著差异,咖啡B比咖啡A和C强;按每杯茶(3g/200mL)和咖啡(2.4g/200mL)对ABTS 的清除能力进行比较,咖啡的比龙井和毛峰的高但比碧螺春低,咖啡B比咖啡A和C强。对超氧阴离子、羟基和DPPH自由基及单线态氧的清除作用和对脂质过氧化的抑制作用的研究表明,如果按每克剂量比较,茶和咖啡水提取液没有明显区别;按每杯量进行比较时,茶水提取液比咖啡水提取液对自由基的清除能力稍强。HPLC结果表明,EGCG含量在毛峰中最高,5CQA含量在咖啡B中最高。该研究结果表明茶和咖啡中均含有丰富的抗氧化成分,并都具有较强的抗氧化活性和清除自由基能力。     

Antioxidant activity of extract from Polygonum cuspidatum

Numerous diseases are induced by free radicals via lipid peroxidation, protein peroxidation and DNA damage. It has been known that a variety of plant extracts have antioxidant activities to scavenge free radicals. Whether Polygonum cuspidatum Sieb. et Zuce has antioxidant activity is unknown. In this study, dried roots of Polygonum cuspidatum were extracted by ethanol and the extract was lyophilized. Free radical scavenging assays, superoxide radical scavenging assays, lipid peroxidation assays and hydroxyl radical-induced DNA strand scission assays were employed to study antioxidant activities. The results indicate that the IC50 value oí Polygonum cuspidatum extract is 110 microg/ml in free radical scavenging assays, 3.2 microg/ml in superoxide radical scavenging assays, and 8 microg/ml in lipid peroxidation assays, respectively. Furthermore, Polygonum cuspidatum extract has DNA protective effect in hydroxyl radical-induced DNA strand scission assays. The total phenolics and flavonoid content of extract is 641.1 +/- 42.6 mg/g and 62.3 +/- 6.0 mg/g. The results indicate that Polygonum cuspidatum extract clearly has antioxidant effects.     

Antioxidant properties and phenolic profiling by UPLC-QTOF-MS of Ajwah,Safawy and Sukkari cultivars of date palm

Date palm (P. dactylifera) plays a vital role in ethnomedicinal practices in several parts of the world. There are over 2000 cultivars of date palm that differ in chemical composition and extent of bioactivity. The present study was undertaken to comparatively evaluate the antioxidant potential of three cultivars of date palm (Ajwah, Safawy and Sukkari) from Saudi Arabia and analyze their phenolic constituents in order to draw a rationale for their activity. Antioxidant activities of the date cultivars were evaluated by different quantitative methods including 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and hydroxyl radical scavenging assay, total antioxidant capacity, reducing power, total phenolic (TPC), flavonoid (TFC) and tannin content (TTC), while qualitative phenolic composition was determined using ultra performance liquid chromatography coupled to quadropole time of flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-QTOF-MS). All the three date extracts showed good DPPH radical scavenging (IC₅₀ 103–177 μg/mL) and hydroxyl radical scavenging (IC₅₀ 1.1–1.55 mg/mL) activity and total antioxidant capacity (IC₅₀ 87–192 μg/mL). The reducing power was also comparable to that of ascorbic acid, used as standard in above experiments. All the three samples contain significant amount of major antioxidant components (phenolic, flavonoid and tannin) that successfully correlates with the results of radical scavenging assays. UPLC-QTOF-MS revealed a total of 22 compounds in these date cultivars classified into common phenolics, flavonoids, sterols and phytoestrogens. Significant variation in the degree of antioxidant activity of these three date cultivars can be attributed to the difference in the content and composition of phenolic compounds.     

Antioxidant activity of novel chitin derivative

Novel water-soluble chitin derivative was prepared by chemical modification to evaluate antioxidant activities by free radical scavenging potential using electron spin resonance spin trapping technique. Aminoethyl-chitin (AEC) exhibited free radical scavenging activities against 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), hydroxyl, superoxide, and peroxyl radicals. AEC quenched DPPH and peroxyl radical over 55% and 59% at 4mg/mL, and also suppressed superoixde radical over 58% at 2mg/mL. Especially, AEC was more active against hydroxyl radical, and scavenging ratio was 92.2% at 0.12mg/mL. These results suggested that free amino group in the -CH(2)CH(2)NH(2) plays an important role in the free radical scavenging activity. In addition, cytotoxic effect of AEC was assessed using human lung fibroblast (MRC-5) cell line, and AEC showed less toxic against MRC-5.     

大革耳子实体多糖抗氧化活性

作者对大革耳子实体多糖的抗氧化能力及单糖组分进行了分析,并探究了大革耳子实体多糖体外对羟自由基、超氧阴离子自由基、1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼（1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl,DPPH）自由基、2'-联氨-双-3-乙基苯并噻唑啉-6-磺酸[2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid),ABTS]自由基的清除能力和铁离子还原能力;以人正常肝细胞系LO2为材料建立了过氧化氢细胞氧化损伤模型,并探讨大革耳子实体多糖在细胞水平的抗氧化能力;通过苯酚硫酸法及HPLC检测了子实体多糖的单糖含量及组分。体外化学抗氧化实验结果显示,大革耳子实体多糖对羟自由基、超氧阴离子、DPPH自由基和ABTS自由基的清除能力较强,且具有较高的铁离子还原能力;细胞水平抗氧化实验表明,大革耳子实体多糖对人正常肝细胞系LO2的H₂O₂氧化损伤具有显著的保护作用,并能极显著提高受损细胞内过氧化氢酶（catalase,CAT）（P<0.01）及超氧化物歧化酶（superoxide dismutase,SOD）（P<0.01）的活力。大革耳子实体活性多糖主要单糖含量及组分依次为：葡萄糖（2 985.50mg/kg）、甘露糖（1 867.23mg/kg）、木糖（814.98mg/kg）、半乳糖（724.24mg/kg）、岩藻糖（443.72mg/kg）、葡萄糖醛酸（419.41mg/kg）、鼠李糖（81.18mg/kg）、阿拉伯糖（64.40mg/kg）、核糖（39.95mg/kg）、半乳糖醛酸（24.40mg/kg）。本研究结果为更好的推广应用和科学开发大革耳提供了基础资料。