国内鱼类病毒病研究进展

病毒性疾病是危害水生动物最严重的一类疾病,是水产养殖业发展的重大障碍。近年来,中国水生动物病毒病的研究取得了一定成就,但是还有许多方面的研究有待加强,有很多未知领域需要进行探索与研究。本文综述了近年来国内鱼类病毒病的研究进展,主要介绍了草鱼出血病、传染性胰脏坏死病、淋巴囊肿病、传染性脾肾坏死病、鳗鲡病毒病、真鲷病毒病等不同鱼类病毒病的临床症状、流行病学、检测手段、致病机理、防治措施以及引起该病的病原体的形态结构、理化性质等,旨在为鱼类病毒病的防治提供参考。     

太子参花叶病毒的检测与防治

1982年我们在国内外首次发现太子参花叶病毒,并对该病毒的形态结构、症状表现、宿主范围、血清学、生化特性等进行了研究,同时还对太子参病毒病进行了初步防治。在上述工作的基础上,我们又进一步应用ELISA技术,对太子参花叶病毒进行了田间检测,并确认了种子消毒方法,为太子参花叶病毒病的田间诊断与防治提出了科学措施。     

转基因植物抗病毒机制

植物病毒病给全球农业生产造成巨大的损失.有效地防治植物病毒病,减少经济损失,满足日益增长的世界人口的食品需求,是科学家的重要目标之一.随着病毒分子生物学、植物基因工程研究的迅速发展,近年来,利用分子生物学及基因工程技术培育抗病毒工程植物已成为防治植物病毒病害的有效策略,许多具有重要经济价值的转基因作物已经开始陆续进入实际应用阶段.     

烟草抗病毒基因工程研究进展

烟草花叶病毒病是一种危害严重的世界性病害,可大幅度降低烟草的产量和品质。研究和探索防治烟草花叶病毒病的新技术、新途径已成为众多研究者普遍关注的焦点。分子生物学的发展,特别是基因工程的发展为防治该病毒病带来了希望。综述了目前普遍采用的几种烟草抗病毒基因工程策略的研究现状及评价。     

烟草抗TMV基因工程的研究进展

烟草花叶病毒病是一种危害严重的世界性病害,可大幅度降低烟草的产量和品质.研究和探索防治烟草花叶病毒病的新技术、新途径已成为众多研究者普遍关注的焦点.分子生物学的发展,特别是基因工程的发展为防治该病毒病带来了希望.本文综述了目前普遍采用的几种烟草抗TM V基因工程策略的研究现状及评价.     

蘑菇废弃物的综合应用研究

近年来,蔬菜植物病毒病在大连市蔬菜区己成为严重危害生产的重要问题之一。迄今国内外尚无良好的防治植物病毒病农药。由于病毒对寄主细胞代谢的高度依赖特性,因而对病毒有抑制作用的药物往往对寄主产生药害,这就给筛选防治植物病毒病的药剂带来极大困难。     

植物抗病毒基因工程研究进展

病毒作为一种依赖于宿主细胞代谢的病原体对全球农业造成了重大经济损失。虽然目前已利用多种防治策略来控制病毒病,例如培育抗病毒品种、使用化学杀菌剂、切断病毒的感染途径、组织脱毒、传统农业防治等,但都无法从根本上控制病毒病的危害。近年来的研究表明,基因工程手段能够有效对抗植物病毒病害。本文综述了基因工程手段改造植物抗病毒能力的技术和方法。     

论植物病毒的传毒介体及传播方式

为了更好地掌握、了解和防治植物病毒病,本文简述了植物病毒的传播途径及传毒介体,引起植物病毒病的主要介体有昆虫、螨类、线虫和低等真菌等。了解传毒介体才能有针对性地去消灭害虫（菌）,以便更有效地减少植物病毒病的发生和危害。     

朊病毒和朊病毒病研究进展

朊病毒病即海绵状脑病,是人和动物中的一类致死性中央神经系统疾病,近几年来在朊病毒病的致病机制及其诊断技术和防治策略方面取得了很大的研究进展.     

棉铃虫质型多角体病毒的形成

目前已知棉铃虫病毒病共有四种类型:核型多角体病毒病,质型多角体病毒病,颗粒体病毒病和虹彩病毒病(Martignoni＆lwai 1977;Stadelbacher et al.1978)。棉铃虫的质型多角体病毒(简称CPV)常与核型多角体病毒混合发生,给寄主的正常饲养繁殖和核型多角体病毒的增殖利用带来了重大困难。此外,对这类病毒在防治棉铃虫的作用方面也需要作出正确的评价。我们曾报道过棉铃虫质型病毒的分离、特征和病理学(苏德明等,1978),本文应用电子显微镜技术研究该病毒在寄主中肠上皮细胞内的形成过程,以进一步阐明其增殖发病机理,并为其利用研究提供依据。     

白蚁与动物及微生物的共生类型及其机制

综述了白蚁螱客的主要种类、共生关系及相关机制的研究进展。白蚁螱客中,已报道的动物种类达170种。在与动物的共生关系中存在偏利共生（宾主共栖和异种共栖）、互利共生和无关共生三种;在与微生物的共生关系中,存在与内生菌（原生动物、细菌、真菌和放线菌）和外生菌（蚁巢伞菌等）间的互利关系。指出了白蚁与螱客研究中存在的问题,给出了解决方案,并提出了今后可能的研究热点或方向,为白蚁的综合利用（如纤维素酶）及今后研究物种间的协同进化提供了基础资料。     

Relative and combined effects of ethanol and protein deficiency on strontium and barium bone content and fecal and urinary excretion

To elucidate accumulation of minerals in human iliac arteries with aging, the content of minerals was analyzed by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry. Bilateral common, internal, and external iliac arteries of 16 men and 8 women, ranging ages from 65 to 93 yr, were examined. It was found that an extremely high accumulation of calcium and phosphorus occurred in the common iliac artery at old age, being higher than that of the internal and external iliac arteries. It should be noted that the accumulation of calcium and phosphorus is the highest in the common iliac artery among the human arteries examined to date. Regarding sexual differences, the content of calcium and phosphorus in the common and internal iliac arteries was higher in women than in men, whereas their content in the external iliac artery was lower in women than in men.     

New amino-dithiaphospholanes and phosphoramidodithioites and their rhodium and iridium complexes

New sulfur derivatives of phosphoramidite ligands were synthesized and the impact of the sulfur unit on the spectroscopic properties of their rhodium and iridium complexes was investigated. The new ligands Bn₂NPSCH₂CH₂S^a(P-S^a) (Bn = benzyl, 4), Bn₂NPSCHCHS^a(CH₂)₃C^aH₂(P-S^a)(C^a-S^a) (6) and Bn₂NP(4-XC₆H₄OMe)₂ (X = S, 7a; X = O, 7b) were converted to the rhodium and iridium complexes trans-[Rh(CO)Cl(L)₂] (L = 4, 6, 7), [RhCl(COD)(L)] (L = 4, 6, 7), [IrCl(COD)(7a)] and [IrCl₂Cp∗(6)]. For comparison, some phosphoramidite complexes of these formulations also were synthesized. The new metal complexes were spectroscopically analyzed. For the carbonyl complexes, the ν_CO IR stretching frequencies were lower than for the corresponding phosphite and phosphoramidite ligands. The ¹J_PRh coupling constants for the rhodium complexes with the new ligands were also smaller than for the respective phosphoramidite and phosphite complexes. Finally, the ¹J_PSe coupling constants of the selenides of the new ligands were lower than those of the phosphoramidite ligands but higher than for PPh₃. The spectroscopic data reveal that the new thio ligands 4, 6 and 7a are more electron donating than phosphites and phosphoramidites but less electron donating than PPh₃.     

Astrocytes and Synaptosomes Transport and Metabolize Lactate and Acetate Differently

Astrocytes transport the monocarboxylate acetate, but synaptosomes do not. The reason for this is unknown, because both preparations express monocarboxylate transporters (MCT). The transport and metabolism of lactate, another monocarboxylate, was examined in these two preparations, and the results were compared to those for acetate. Lactate transport is more rapid in astrocytes than in synaptosomes, but of lower affinity (Kms of 17 and 4 mM, respectively). Lactate (0.2 mM) is metabolized to CO2 more rapidly in synaptosomes than in astrocytes (rates of 0.37 and 0.07 nmol x mg protein(-1) x min(-1), respectively). The reason for this is unclear, but cellular differences in lactate dehydrogenase isotype expression may be involved. Acetate is metabolized to CO2 more rapidly in astrocytes than in synaptosomes (rates of 0.43 and 0.02 nmol x mg protein(-1) x min(-1), respectively). This is likely due to cellular differences in the expression of monocarboxylate transporter subtypes.     

Rapporteur report: Basics and technology and metrology and standards

The first and second sessions of the Workshop focussed on the basics of ultrasound and infrasound, their applications in both industry and medicine, and metrology and protection standards for ultrasound applications.     

Prostaglandin and thromboxane production by human and guinea-pig macrophages and leucocytes

The ability of partially purified human and guinea-pig haematogenous cell populations, when cultured in vitro, to metabolise arachidonic acid (AA) has been studied. Supernatants from 24 hour cell culture have been subjected to analysis for products of AA metabolism by gas chromatography with electron-capture detection.The cell types studied were human peripheral blood monocytes (both glass adherent and non-adherent), neutrophils, eosinophils and leukemic leucocytes; thoracic duct lymphocytes and lung alveolar macrophages. From the guinea-pig, induced and non-induced macrophage or neutrophil enriched peritoneal exudate populations, lymph node cells, peritoneal eosinophils and peripheral blood platelets were examined. Supernatants were assayed for the presence of PGE₂, PGD₂, PGF_2α, TXB₂ and 6-keto-PGF_1α. In all types studied PGE₂ and TXB₂ were the major products formed. The identification of PGE₂ and TXB₂ was confirmed by GC/MS with multiple ion monitoring.The results have been compared with other reports and their possible significance discussed in relation to the proposed role of prostaglandins as mediators and modulators in immunopathology.     

Cytoskeleton and mitochondrial morphology and function

It has been well established that the cytoskeleton is an essential modulator of cell morphology and motility, intracytoplasmic transport and mitosis, however cytoskeletal linkage to the organelles has not been unequivocally demonstrated. Indeed, cytoskeleton appears to be essential in determining and modulating gene phenotype as a function of cellular environment. According to recent studies, the organization of the cytoskeleton network together with associated protein(s) could be essential in regulating mitochondrial function and particularly the permeability of the mitochondrial outer membrane to ADP. The aim of this chapter is to summarize the main properties of the cytoskeletal environment of mitochondria and the possible role(s) of this network in mitochondrial function in myocytes.     

人血管能抑素基因的克隆、表达及其表达产物的纯化和生物活性测定

以人胎盘脐带组织为材料,提取组织总RNA,用netRTPCR方法合成人血管能抑素cDNA基因,将该cDNA克隆进pSP72载体获得重组质粒pSP72C, DNA序列分析结果与预期序列一致。用BamHⅠ和NdeⅠ双酶切,切下pSP72C上的血管能抑素cDNA,插入pET3c载体的相应位点获得重组表达质粒pETC, 转化E. coli BL21(DE3), SDSPAGE分析显示：在IPTG诱导下,血管能抑素基因获得了高效表达,表达量约占菌体总蛋白的 27.9 %,主要以包涵体形式存在。包涵体经过洗涤、裂解、蛋白复性以及Sephadex G75凝胶过滤层析等步骤后,获得了纯度达91.4 %的人血管能抑素。CAM实验证明10 μg纯化蛋白就能显著抑制鸡胚新生血管生成。