烟草抗TMV基因工程的研究进展

烟草花叶病毒病是一种危害严重的世界性病害,可大幅度降低烟草的产量和品质.研究和探索防治烟草花叶病毒病的新技术、新途径已成为众多研究者普遍关注的焦点.分子生物学的发展,特别是基因工程的发展为防治该病毒病带来了希望.本文综述了目前普遍采用的几种烟草抗TM V基因工程策略的研究现状及评价.     

兰花抗病毒基因工程研究进展(综述)

兰花病毒病严重影响兰花产业的发展,研究和探索防治兰花病毒病的新技术、新途径已成为众多研究者普遍关注的焦点。本文综述目前抗兰花病毒研究中应用的各种抗病毒基因工程策略,包括病毒来源基因中的外壳蛋白基因和运动蛋白基因介导的抗性策略,RNA介导的抗病毒策略,植物自身的抗病毒基因介导的抗性策略,利用多基因介导的抗性策略,以及抗体基因介导的抗性策略等。最后对兰花抗病毒基因工程的发展及应用进行了展望。     

植物抗病毒基因工程研究进展

病毒作为一种依赖于宿主细胞代谢的病原体对全球农业造成了重大经济损失。虽然目前已利用多种防治策略来控制病毒病,例如培育抗病毒品种、使用化学杀菌剂、切断病毒的感染途径、组织脱毒、传统农业防治等,但都无法从根本上控制病毒病的危害。近年来的研究表明,基因工程手段能够有效对抗植物病毒病害。本文综述了基因工程手段改造植物抗病毒能力的技术和方法。     

浅析气象因子在烟草花叶病测报中的应用

烟草病毒病俗称烟草花叶病,是烟草病害中分布最广、发生最为普遍的病害之一。究其发病原因,气候对其的影响不可忽视。积极将气象因子应用在烟草花叶病测报中有利于烟草花叶病的防治。本文就此作了浅析。     

辣椒抗烟草花叶病毒相关基因研究进展

病毒病是危害辣椒生产的主要病害之一。烟草花叶病毒(TMV)是最早被发现的病毒,它引起的烟草花叶病毒病是多种作物的重要病害,给辣椒等茄科作物的生产带来重大损失。文中综述了辣椒抗TMV防御反应中的相关基因及其研究进展,为明确辣椒抗TMV机理,挖掘抗病基因,选育抗病材料提供参考。     

抗烟草黄瓜花叶病毒多糖筛选及其对烟草防御酶活性的影响

[目的]筛选出对烟草黄瓜花叶病毒病有良好抑制作用的多糖并探索其对烟叶防御酶活性的影响.[方法]采用半叶法,测定了安络小皮伞多糖等21种真菌多糖在枯斑三生烟上对CMV的钝化、预防及治疗效果,并测定了抗病毒多糖处理后普通烟NC-89体内防御酶的变化.[结果]安络小皮伞多糖对CMV具有较好的钝化及预防效果,其200倍液与等量供试病毒液混合30 min后接种,钝化效果为83.41%;喷施安络小皮伞多糖200倍液24 h后接毒处理,预防效果可高达93.15%.安络小皮伞多糖对CMV防治机理的研究表明,多糖处理后烟草相关防御酶POD、PAL和PPO活性增强,其中喷施安络小皮伞多糖24 h后接毒处理的酶活增加最为显著,该处理烟苗的POD、PAL和PPO的酶活峰值分别可增加至对照的2.74、3.45和2.82倍.[结论]安络小皮伞多糖通过增强烟草体内防御酶活性而提高烟草对烟草黄瓜花叶病毒病的抗性.     

植物基因工程三部曲（三）：—植物基因工程的成就和展望

1.抗病基因工程 黄瓜、马铃薯、番茄、烟草、苜蓿等植物,经常出现花叶病害而枯死。这些都是病毒引起的病害。人们在研究此病害过程中,发现了交叉保护现象,即先用弱病毒感染植物,再用强病毒感染植物,结果后者感染不上,达到兔疫防病作用。抗病毒基因工程有以下几方面。     

安徽烟草病毒类型及优势种初步研究

1978年,烟草病毒病在安徽烟区流行,导致凤阳县烟叶总产损失92.3％,引起了普遍震惊。1981—1984年作者对来自16个县、市552个病毒材料,经生物测定、血清反应、电镜观察,初步分离出CMV、TMV、PVY和PVX四种病毒。它们分别约占检测总数的82.79％、4.53％、2.54％和0.36％,其中CMV与长期视为优势种的TMV比值为18.3,除此,尚有约占检测总数9.8％的CMV和TMV、CMV和PVY复合侵染,以及不明类型的毒株。通过对田间烟草以及其他植物花叶病株的实际检测,进一步表明:CMV在烟区分布范围极广、出现频次最多,已形成了复杂的循环侵染系统,成为近期内烟草病毒病持续流行危害的首要毒原。     

大豆花叶病毒胁迫诱导的消减文库构建及初步分析

大豆花叶病毒病是危害大豆产量和品质的主要病害之一 ,通过分子手段研究大豆花叶病毒病基因的抗病相关基因表达可以辅助抗病育种工作。利用SSH技术 ,对抗大豆花叶病毒病的大豆品种 814 3进行分析 ,构建大豆花叶病毒胁迫诱导表达的cDNA文库 ,并对文库进行初步分析。     

病毒基因工程国家重点实验室

病毒基因工程国家重点实验室一简介病毒基因工程国家重点实验室始建于１９８７年,采取边建设、边开放的方针,于１９８９年正式运转。本实验室的研究方向是根据下世纪严重危害我国人民健康的病毒病的防治需要,主要从事病毒基因工程和分子病毒学的应用基础研究。具体研究...     

Transgenic tobacco plants expressing a coat protein gene of tobacco mosaic virus are resistant to some other tobamoviruses

Transgenic tobacco plants expressing the coat protein (CP) gene of tobacco mosaic virus were tested for resistance against infection by five other tobamoviruses sharing 45-82% homology in CP amino acid sequence with the CP of tobacco mosaic virus. The transgenic plants (CP+) showed significant delays in systemic disease development after inoculation with tomato mosaic virus or tobacco mild green mosaic virus compared to the control (CP-) plants, but showed no resistance against infection by ribgrass mosaic virus. On a transgenic local lesion host, the CP+ plants showed greatly reduced numbers of necrotic lesions compared to the CP- plants after inoculation with tomato mosaic virus, pepper mild mottle virus, tobacco mild green mosaic virus, and Odontoglossum ringspot virus but not ribgrass mosaic virus. The implications of these results are discussed in relation to the possible mechanism(s) of CP-mediated protection.     

番茄转录调控因子基因Pti5植物表达载体的构建及其转化烟草的研究 Construction of a Plant Expression Vector with Tomato Transcription Factor Gene Pti5 and Studies on Transgenic Tobaccos

本实验构建了含有CaMV35S启动子控制下的Pti5-VP16基因的植物双元表达载体pBI121UCH1。通过根癌农杆菌叶盘转化法,将Pti5-VP16基因导入烟草SRI中,经卡那霉素筛选,获得了抗性植株。经PCR和Southern印迹分析,表明抗性植株中整合了Pti5-VP16基因,经抗病性鉴定转基因烟草植株的抗病性明显提高。 Abstract:The plasmid pBI121UCH1 carrying Pti5-VP16 gene under the control of the cauliflower mosaic virus 35s promoter was constructed.Leaf segments of tobacco SRI were infected by Agrobacterium tumefaciens EHA105 with plasmid pBI121UCH1,from which kanamycin resistant plants were obtained.PCR and Southern analysis proved that the Pti5-VP16 gene was integrated into the genomes of the tobacco plants.The disease resistance assay showed that the disease resistance was enhanced in the transgenic tobacco plants.     

幽影病毒引起的几种主要植物病害

幽影病毒的基因组不编码外壳蛋白,不形成通常的病毒粒体结构。这类病毒往往和黄症病毒复合侵染引起植物病害,蚜虫传播是病害在田间传播流行的主要方式。对幽影病毒引起的胡萝卜杂色矮缩病、花生丛簇病以及烟草丛顶病等几种主要病害的症状、发生与危害、病原物特性以及病害的控制等进行了综述。     

Association of Tobacco Ringspot Virus with a Union Incompatibility of Apple

A virus-like disease of apple was observed for the first time in Canada in 1974 in a three year old planting. The disease was characterised by stem pitting, necrosis and breaking or separation of scion/rootstock at the graft union. Foliage was sparse and leaves were chlorotic and diffusely mottled. Using both frozen and freshly harvested leaves of infected apple trees from rootstock suckers as inoculum, a virus was transmitted to herbaceous indicator hosts. Based on host range symptoms, serology and electron microscopy, this virus was identified as tobacco ringspot virus. Initial counts of nematodes in the rhizophere of apple trees affected with union necrosis showed high densities of Xiphinema americanum Cobb., a known vector of nepoviruses. Reports of similar symptoms have indicated that the disease, apple union necrosis and decline was associated with the recovery of tobacco ringspot virus from infected rootstocks. This is the first report associating a union incompatibility condition of apple and tobacco ringspot virus.     

漂浮育苗剪叶传播烟草丛顶病风险研究

为了评估漂浮育苗剪叶传播烟草从顶病的风险, 以剪刀剪病叶后再剪苗和剪刀蘸取病烟汁液后再剪苗2种剪叶方法研究了漂浮育苗剪叶对烟草丛顶病和烟草普通花叶病的传播效果。调查数据显示, 2种剪叶方法均不能传播烟草丛顶病, 但能传播烟草普通花叶病, 其平均发病率分别为36.67%和63.33%。实验结果表明, 漂浮育苗剪叶不易传播烟草丛顶病, 但易于传播烟草普通花叶病。     

漂浮育苗剪叶传播烟草丛顶病风险研究

为了评估漂浮育苗剪叶传播烟草从顶病的风险,以剪刀剪病叶后再剪苗和剪刀蘸取病烟汁液后再剪苗2种剪叶方法研究了漂浮育苗剪叶对烟草丛顶病和烟草普通花叶病的传播效果.调查数据显示,2种剪叶方法均不能传播烟草丛顶病,但能传播烟草普通花叶病,其平均发病率分别为36.67%和63.33%.实验结果表明,漂浮育苗剪叶不易传播烟草丛顶病,但易于传播烟草普通花叶病.     

Molecular identification and phylogenetic analysis of a viral RNA associated with the Chinese tobacco bushy top disease complex

Tobacco bushy top disease is caused by a complex of the viruses tobacco bushy top virus (TBTV, a member of the genus Umbravirus) and tobacco vein distorting virus (TVDV, a member of the genus Polerovirus), which acts as a helper virus encapsidating the TBTV genomic RNA. RNA from purified virions is separated as five bands. The two largest (6.0 and 4.2 kb) were shown by Northern blot analysis to be the genomic RNAs of TVDV and TBTV, respectively. A band of about 3 kb was cloned and sequenced and shown to be the RNA of a previously undescribed virus with two open reading frames (ORFs), the second of which is an RNA‐dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) and is probably expressed by readthrough of the ORF1a stop codon. BLAST and phylogenetic analyses of the RdRp show that it is related to two RNAs previously reported in association with the poleroviruses Beet western yellows virus and Carrot red leaf virus. These three RNAs appear to represent species of a new genus of plant viruses dependent upon a helper polerovirus for their transmission.     

新型植物免疫诱抗剂ZNC对烟草的促生抗病效果

免疫诱抗剂智能聪(ZNC)是一种宛氏拟青霉乙醇提取物,具有促进植物生长提高植物抗逆的能力。本文在烟草不同生长期喷施ZNC,分析其诱导烟草抗病效果及对烟草生长发育的影响。结果表明,3个浓度的ZNC均对病毒病表现出良好防效,且减轻了根茎类病害和后期叶斑类病害的发生程度,其中500 ng/mL ZNC抗病毒病、赤星病等病害的效果最好,抗病毒效果可达57.07%,表明该诱抗剂对烟草主要病害都有较好的诱抗效果。同时,50 ng/mL和500 ng/mL处理分别较CK增产6.00%和5.41%,且500 ng/mL还增加了总糖、还原糖、总氮、K2O等指标的含量,表现出了一定的增产提质效果。试验还表明,尽管1000 ng/mL ZNC表现出抗病效果,但对烟草生长表现出显著的抑制作用,说明该诱抗剂在一定的剂量范围内对烟草有较好促生抗病效果,仍需要进一步试验来确定。