大肠杆菌O141 O-抗原基因簇的破译及进化分析

对大肠杆菌O141 O-抗原基因簇进行测序,序列全长15601bp,用生物信息学的方法进行序列分析,共发现12个基因：鼠李糖合成酶基因(rmlB,rmlD,rmlA,rmlC)、甘露糖合成酶基因(manB,manC),糖基转移酶基因(orf6,orf7,orf9,orf10)、O-抗原转运酶基因(wzx)和O-抗原聚合酶基因(wzy)。用PCR的方法筛选出了针对大肠杆菌O141的特异基因,可以用于基因芯片或PCR方法对大肠杆菌O141的快速检测。通过对大肠杆菌O141的O-抗原基因簇及甘露糖和鼠李糖合成酶基因的进化分析发现：大肠杆菌O141 O-抗原基因簇是低GC含量的片段,仅O-抗原特异的基因才出现在O-抗原基因簇;并且这些基因可能介导了O-抗原基因簇间的重组及以O141 O-抗原基因簇的形成。     

大肠杆菌O138 O-抗原基因簇的破译及Gne的生物信息学鉴定

利用鸟枪法对大肠杆菌E .coliO138O 抗原基因簇进行测序 ,序列全长 14 139bp ,用生物信息学的方法进行序列分析 ,共发现 11个基因 ,分别为鼠李糖合成酶基因 (rmlB ,rmlD ,rmlA ,rmlC)、UDP GalNAcA合成酶基因 (gne ,gna)、糖基转移酶基因 (3个 )、O 抗原转运酶基因 (wzx)和O 抗原聚合酶基因 (wzy)。发现一种稀有单糖UDP Gal NAcA的合成途径 ,对合成该糖的第一种酶Gne进行了生物信息学鉴定 ,另外用PCR方法筛选出了针对大肠杆菌O138的特异基因     

大肠杆菌O11 O-抗原基因簇序列的破译及特异分子标识的鉴定

大肠杆菌O11是一种可在人畜间交叉传染的强致病菌,具有潜在流行性爆发的危险。现完成了O11 O-抗原基因簇的破译,筛选和鉴定了多种特异分子标识,并实现了对大肠杆菌O11的快速、灵敏和准确的分子分型检测。利用鸟枪法测定大肠杆菌O11 O-抗原基因簇的序列全长为14180bp,生物信息学方法分析序列结构,共发现12个基因:GDP-L型岩藻糖合成途径基因(gmd,fcl,gmm,manC,manB)、UDP-N乙酰葡萄糖C4异构酶基因(gne)、O-抗原转运酶基因(wzx)、O-抗原聚合酶基因(wzy)和4个糖基转移酶基因;用PCR方法筛选出2个针对大肠杆菌O11的特异基因和4对特异引物,并进行环境样品检测实验鉴定了该PCR检测方法的灵敏度;设计并筛选出8条针对大肠杆菌O11的特异探针。     

大肠杆菌O54 O-抗原基因簇的破译及进化分析

破译了大肠杆菌O5 4O 抗原基因簇的序列 ,序列全长 1 4 0 6 2bp。用生物信息学方法分析序列并鉴定基因 ,共确定 1 0个基因 ,包括鼠李糖合成酶基因BDA和C(rmlBDA和rmlC) ,糖基转移酶基因 ,O 抗原转运酶基因 ,O 抗原聚合酶基因和合成磷酸丝氨酸侧链的基因及 1个不能确定功能的开放阅读框。对rmlC的 (G C) %含量 ,稀有密码子含量及进化分析都表明大肠杆菌O5 4O 抗原基因簇是在近期通过rmlC介导的重组形成 ,而且大肠杆菌O5 4和鲍氏志贺氏菌 9型的亲缘关系很近。对UTP 葡萄糖 1 磷酸 尿苷转移酶基因 (galF)和 6 磷酸葡萄糖脱氢酶基因(gnd)的进化分析揭示志贺氏菌属与大肠杆菌属在进化上属于同一个属。用PCR方法筛选出了针对大肠杆菌O5 4的特异基因 ,用于基因芯片或PCR方法对大肠杆菌O5 4的快速检测。     

大肠杆菌O23 O-抗原基因簇序列的破译及UDP-N-乙酰葡萄糖-C4异构酶的鉴定

采用鸟枪法破译大肠杆菌O23标准株的O-抗原基因簇序列,并用生物信息学的方法进行了基因注释和分析;采用基因缺失和互补的方法鉴定了O23的UDP-GlcNAc C4异构酶(Gne);用同源建模的方法构建了O23 Gne的高级结构并对其活性位点进行了分析;分析了不同血清型大肠杆菌O-抗原基因簇中gne基因的多样性;根据O23O-抗原基因簇中的特异基因筛选出了可用于大肠杆菌O23快速检测的特异DNA序列。     

病原菌多糖基因簇在大肠杆菌中的克隆

目的:构建稳定的外源病原菌多糖基因簇克隆载体,为在糖基工程大肠杆菌中利用外源性多糖O-糖基化修饰靶标蛋白奠定基础。方法:PCR扩增大肠杆菌O157、甲型副伤寒沙门菌CMCC50973和铜绿假单胞杆菌CMCC10110的O-多糖合成基因簇,将多糖基因簇与细菌人工染色体p CC1BAC连接后,分别转化O-多糖合成缺陷的大肠杆菌W3110,并用相应多糖抗血清ELISA检测重组大肠杆菌是否利用外源O-多糖生成脂多糖(LPS),从而验证外源多糖基因簇克隆载体在大肠杆菌内是否能够生成相应的O-多糖;在此基础上,将构建的3种外源多糖基因簇克隆载体分别转化表达O-寡糖转移酶和蛋白底物菌毛蛋白Pil E的糖基工程大肠杆菌,用相应的抗血清进行Western印迹检测,以验证克隆的O-多糖能否修饰蛋白底物Pil E。结果:与阴性对照菌相比,带有大肠杆菌O157的O-多糖合成基因簇克隆载体和带有甲型副伤寒沙门菌CMCC50973的O-多糖合成基因簇克隆载体的重组菌ELISA呈阳性,提示大肠杆菌O157和甲型副伤寒沙门菌CMCC50973的O-多糖合成基因簇在大肠杆菌中被利用生成了相应的LPS;而带有铜绿假单胞杆菌CMCC10110的O-多糖合成基因簇克隆载体的重组菌W3110/BAC-10110则ELISA呈阴性。West-ern印迹结果显示,只有带有O157型大肠杆菌O-多糖合成基因簇克隆载体的糖基工程大肠杆菌CLM24/p MMB66EH-pil E-his/p ETtac28-pgl L/BAC-O157在相对分子质量40×103~58×103处出现了特异条带,表明菌毛蛋白Pil E被大肠杆菌O157型O-多糖O-糖基化修饰。结论:建立了大肠杆菌O157、甲型副伤寒沙门菌CMCC50973的O-多糖合成基因簇大片段的克隆载体,克隆的O157型O-多糖合成基因簇可实现O157型多糖对菌毛蛋白Pil E的修饰,从而为在大肠杆菌中建立稳定的利用外源病原菌多糖修饰靶标蛋白的糖基工程大肠杆菌提供了技术基础。     

O139霍乱弧菌质粒基因组文库的建立及O抗原基因的筛选

合成O-抗原的基因是串联在一起的一个基因簇,提取O139霍乱弧菌基因组DNA,限制性内切酶EcoRⅠ酶切,电泳回收4～20kb的DNA片段,构建质粒基因组文库.随机筛选重组克隆,获得一株可与O139霍乱弧菌抗血清发生凝集反应的重组克隆,命名为大肠杆菌DH5a(pMG320).经鉴定分析重组克隆所表达的O-抗原具有良好的免疫原性及反应原性.酶切分析质粒pMG320,推知其O-抗原基因大小约4.6kb.这为今后O139霍乱疫苗的研制及O139霍乱弧菌O-抗原基因的结构和功能研究提供了条件.     

大肠杆菌44277(O2: K1) 中rmlB 基因功能

摘要: 【目的】确定rmlB 基因在大肠杆菌( O2: K1) L-型鼠李糖合成中的作用。【方法】将基因rmlB 进行原核表达并测定酶活; 用同源重组的方法将rmlB 基因敲除,分析表型变化,并运用质谱,以及核磁共振等手段分析脂多糖O 侧链的结构,以确定rmlB 在O 抗原合成中的作用。【结果】成功对rmlB 基因进行了表达并测定了重组蛋白的酶活,确定蛋白RmlB 具有dTDP-D-glucose 4,6-dehydratase 活性。成功构建了rmlB 基因缺失突变株,对突变株进行表型分析发现突变株的表型与野生株相比无变化。对突变株分析发现突变株中的O抗原仍含有L-型鼠李糖,说明在该菌株中可能存在RmlB 的同功能酶或者存在其它的L-型鼠李糖合成途径。【结论】rmlB 基因编码的蛋白具有dTDP-D-glucose 4,6-dehydratase 活性但此基因对于L-型鼠李糖的合成不是必需的。     

稀有海洋放线菌Salinispora arenicola非核糖体肽合成酶和卤代酶生物合成基因簇核心区的克隆及序列分析

克隆稀有海洋放线菌Salinispora arenicola的非核糖体肽合成酶(NRPS)和卤代酶生物合成基因簇核心区基因片段。根据已发表的放线菌NRPS和卤代酶生物合成基因簇核心区的核苷酸序列保守区设计两对简并性引物,采用PCR的方法扩增NRPS和卤代酶生物合成基因簇核心区基因片段,使用分子生物学软件进行序列分析。获得两段大小分别为662bp和557bp的基因片段,编码220个和185个氨基酸。这两段序列与海洋放线菌Salinispora arenicola CNS-205的NRPS和卤代酶生物合成基因簇核心区基因核苷酸序列的同源性分别为99%和98%。成功地获得了稀有海洋放线菌Salinispora arenicola的NRPS和卤代酶生物合成基因簇核心区基因片段,该基因片段的获取将为分离全长基因簇以及研究该基因簇在生物合成中的功能奠定基础。     

抑制差减杂交筛选禽致病性大肠杆菌基因组差异片段及其分析

采用抑制差减杂交技术(Suppression subtractive hybridization,SSH)对禽致病性大肠杆菌E037株(血清型O78)与非致病菌株K-12MG1655以及同一O2血清型高致病菌株E058与低致病菌株E526进行基因组差异片段克隆与分析。从E037株中共检出17个特异性差异片段,E058株中共检出32个特异性差异片段。经同源分析,这些序列可分为4类:质粒相关序列、噬菌体相关序列、已知功能序列、未知功能序列。这些差异片段包含许多重要的大肠杆菌毒力相关基因,如大肠杆菌素、气杆菌素受体、铁基因簇等。49个片段中,14个片段与其它微生物基因组同源性较高。结果表明,大肠杆菌高致病株与低致病菌株或非致病菌株基因组间存在较多差异基因,其中包括毒力、毒力相关基因、代谢以及噬菌体等基因成分。     

Characterization of the Escherichia coli O59 and O155 O-antigen gene clusters: the atypical wzx genes are evolutionary related

O-antigens are highly polymorphic. The genes specifically involved in O-antigen synthesis are generally grouped together on the chromosome as a gene cluster. In Escherichia coli, the O-antigen gene clusters are characteristically located between the housekeeping genes galF and gnd. In this study, the O-antigen gene clusters of E. coli O59 and E. coli O155 were sequenced. The former was found to contain genes for GDP-mannose synthesis, glycosyltransferase genes and the O-antigen polymerase gene (wzy), while the latter contained only glycosyltransferase genes and wzy. O unit flippase genes (wzx) were found immediately downstream of the gnd gene, in the region between the gnd and hisI genes in these two strains. This atypical location of wzx has not been reported before, and furthermore these two genes complemented in trans despite the fact that different O-antigen structures are present in E. coli O59 and O155. A putative acetyltransferase gene was found downstream of wzx in both strains. Comparison of the region between gnd and hisI revealed that the wzx and acetyltransferase genes are closely related between E. coli O59 and O155, indicating that the two gene clusters arose recently from a common ancestor. This work provides further evidence for the O-antigen gene cluster having formed gradually, and selection pressure will eventually bring O-antigen genes into a single cluster. Genes specific for E. coli O59 and O155, respectively, were also identified.     

Identification of Escherichia coli O172 O-antigen gene cluster and development of a serogroup-specific PCR assay

AIM: To characterize the locus for O-antigen biosynthesis from Escherichia coli O172 type strain and to develop a rapid, specific and sensitive PCR-based method for identification and detection of E. coli O172. METHODS AND RESULTS: DNA of O-antigen gene cluster of E. coli O172 was amplified by long-range PCR method using primers based on housekeeping genes galF and gnd Shot gun bank was constructed and high quality sequencing was performed. The putative genes for synthesis of UDP-FucNAc, O-unit flippase, O-antigen polymerase and glycosyltransferases were assigned by the homology search. The evolutionary relationship between O-antigen gene clusters of E. coli O172 and E. coli O26 is shown by sequence comparison. Genes specific to E. coli O172 strains were identified by PCR assays using primers based on genes for O-unit flippase, O-antigen polymerase and glycosyltransferases. The specificity of PCR assays was tested using all E. coli and Shigella O-antigen type strains, as well as 24 clinical E. coli isolates. The sensitivity of PCR assays was determined, and the detection limits were 1 pg microl(-1) chromosomal DNA, 0.2 CFU g(-1) pork and 0.2 CFU ml(-1) water. The total time required from beginning to end of the procedure was within 16 h. CONCLUSION: The O-antigen gene cluster of E. coli O172 was identified and PCR assays based on O-antigen specific genes showed high specificity and sensitivity. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: An O-antigen gene cluster was identified by sequencing. The specific genes were determined for E. coli O172. The sensitivity of O-antigen specific PCR assay was tested. Although Shiga toxin-producing O172 strains were not yet isolated from clinical specimens, they may emerge as pathogens.     

Development of PCR assays targeting genes in O-antigen gene clusters for detection and identification of Escherichia coli O45 and O55 serogroups

The Escherichia coli O45 O-antigen gene cluster of strain O45:H2 96-3285 was sequenced, and conventional (singleplex), multiplex, and real-time PCR assays were designed to amplify regions in the wzx (O-antigen flippase) and wzy (O-antigen polymerase) genes. In addition, PCR assays targeting the E. coli O55 wzx and wzy genes were designed based on previously published sequences. PCR assays targeting E. coli O45 showed 100% specificity for this serogroup, whereas by PCR assays specific for E. coli O55, 97/102 strains serotyped as E. coli O55 were positive for wzx and 98/102 for wzy. Multiplex PCR assays targeting the E. coli O45 and the E. coli O55 wzx and wzy genes were used to detect the organisms in fecal samples spiked at levels of 10(6) and 10(8) CFU/0.2 g feces. Thus, the PCR assays can be used to detect and identify E. coli serogroups O45 and O55.     

Molecular analysis of Shigella boydii O1 O-antigen gene cluster and its PCR typing

Shigella is an important human pathogen and is closely related to Escherichia coli. O-antigen is the most variable part of the lipopolysaccharide on the cell surface of Gram-negative bacteria and plays an important role in pathogenicity. The O-antigen gene cluster of S. boydii O1 was sequenced. The putative genes encoding enzymes for rhamnose synthesis, transferases, O-unit flippase, and O-unit polymerase were identified on the basis of homology. The O-antigen gene clusters of S. boydii O1 and E. coli O149, which share the same O-antigen form, were found to have the same genes and organization by adjacent gene PCR assay. Two genes specific for S. boydii O1 and E. coli O149 were identified by PCR screening against E. coli- and Shigella-type strains of the 186 known O-antigen forms and 39 E. coli clinical isolates. A PCR sensitivity of 103 to 104 CFU/mL overnight culture of S. boydii O1 and E. coli O149 was obtained. S. boydii O1 and E. coli O149 were differentiated by PCR using lacZ- and cadA-based primers.     

The O-antigen gene cluster of Escherichia coli O55:H7 and identification of a new UDP-GlcNAc C4 epimerase gene

Escherichia coli O55 is an important antigen which is often associated with enteropathogenic E. coli clones. We sequenced the genes responsible for its synthesis and identified genes for O-antigen polymerase, O-antigen flippase, four enzymes involved in GDP-colitose synthesis, and three glycosyltransferases, all by comparison with known genes. Upstream of the normal O-antigen region there is a gne gene, which encodes a UDP-GlcNAc epimerase for converting UDP-GlcNAc to UDP-GalNAc and is essential for O55 antigen synthesis. The O55 gne product has only 20 and 26% identity to the gne genes of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and E. coli O113, respectively. We also found evidence for the O55 gene cluster's having evolved from another gene cluster by gain and loss of genes. Only three of the GDP-colitose pathway genes are in the usual location, the other two being separated, although nearby. It is thought that the E. coli O157:H7 clone evolved from the O55:H7 clone in part by transfer of the O157 gene cluster into an O55 lineage. Comparison of genes flanking the O-antigen gene clusters of the O55:H7 and O157:H7 clones revealed one recombination site within the galF gene and located the other between the hisG and amn genes. Genes outside the recombination sites are 99.6 to 100% identical in the two clones, while most genes thought to have transferred with the O157 gene cluster are 95 to 98% identical.