稀有海洋放线菌Salinispora arenicola大片段DNA基因组文库的构建

目的：构建稀有海洋放线菌S.arenicola基因组文库。方法：以稀有海洋放线菌S.arenicola为实验材料,随机剪切提取的总DNA,5′-磷酸末端补平回收40kb左右的DNA片段,与pWEBTM载体连接,经包装蛋白包装成噬菌体后侵染宿主细胞E.coliEPI100,构建该菌株的基因组文库,并对该文库进行质量鉴定。结果：成功构建了稀有海洋放线菌S.arenicola的基因组文库,效价达6.5×104CFU/mL,得到3000个阳性克隆子,远远大于按覆盖率为99%计算至少所需的657个阳性克隆子数,且平均插入片段长度为36kb,重组率100%。阳性克隆子保存于96孔板中,-80℃保存。结论：所构建文库的各项指标均达到要求,为了进一步评估S.arenicola所能合成的所有潜在天然产物,还需要进一步检测该文库中包含有生物合成基因簇的大肠杆菌的表达情况。     

蜚蠊肠道放线菌的卤化酶基因检测及初步分析

[目的]对159株蜚蠊肠道内生放线菌的卤化酶等相关基因进行检测和初步分析。[方法]活化蜚蠊肠道内生放线菌,制备各菌株基因组DNA,根据依赖黄素腺嘌呤二核苷酸FADH2的卤化酶基因保守区设计简并引物,通过PCR扩增卤化酶基因片段,TA克隆后进行测序鉴定。在此基础上,对卤化酶阳性菌株进行聚酮合酶PKSⅠ和非核糖体多肽合成酶NRPS等2个次级代谢产物生物合成主要基因进行检测。[结果]159株蜚蠊肠道放线菌有84株含有卤化酶基因,占比52.83%;卤化酶基因阳性放线菌中71株含有PKSⅠ基因,70株含有NRPS,占比分别为84.52%、83.33%。[结论]蜚蠊肠道含有较丰富的卤化酶基因阳性放线菌,可作为未来分离卤化活性物质的微生物资源。     

非核糖体肽合成酶基因腺苷酰化结构域序列克隆及分析

微生物许多非核糖体肽类次生代谢产物主要是由非核糖体肽合成酶(NRPS)催化合成。参考Gontang发布的非核糖体肽合成酶(NRPS)通用引物设计扩增NRPS腺苷酰化结构域基因序列的特异引物,从海洋链霉菌L1的基因组DNA中扩增获得一个715 bp的NRPS基因序列。测序结果及比对分析表明该片段属于NRPS腺苷酰化结构域部分序列。对其拟翻译的氨基酸序列组成成分、理化性质进行分析,显示其包含AFD class I超基因家族核心结合区,为NRPS腺苷酰化结构域(A结构域)所在区域。对氨基酸序列的二级结构预测和三级结构模拟,发现与数据库中肠菌素合酶F组分的结构相似。为后续研究A结构域的特异性及完整NRPS基因簇克隆提供了参考。     

不同生境放线菌的卤化酶基因分析及其对卤代产物筛选的意义

摘要：【目的】在基因水平上分析并比较陆地来源与海洋来源的放线菌产生卤化代谢产物的潜力。【方法】基于依赖黄素腺嘌呤二核苷酸的卤化酶基因筛选,从经过表型去重复的70株陆地来源和71株海洋来源的放线菌中,通过PCR筛选获得卤化酶基因片段,并进行测序鉴定;通过卤化酶氨基酸序列的系统发育分析,比较不同来源放线菌的卤化酶序列,以及海洋链霉菌和小单孢菌的卤化酶序列。另外,对卤化酶阳性菌株进行了聚酮合酶和非核糖体多肽合成酶基因的检测。【结果】本研究中36.6%的海洋放线菌具有卤化酶基因,其阳性率远高于本研究所涉及的陆地放     

非核糖体肽合成酶缩合结构域基因片段克隆

从大连渤海海域筛选出1株放线菌L1,结合形态观察、生理生化实验和16S rDNA分子鉴定,确定L1属于链霉菌属球孢链霉菌(Streptomyces globisporus)。根据GenBank发布的非核糖体肽合成酶(NRPS)序列设计引物,从放线菌L1的基因组DNA中扩增获得NRPS基因片段。测序结果及比对分析表明该片段属于NRPS缩合结构域部分序列。三维建模显示其结构呈V型,包含缩合结构域核心序列,与数据库已知结构相一致,可以推断该克隆片段为NRPS缩合结构域基因片段,为后续深入研究缩合结构域特异性与相关NRPS功能提供基础。     

阴沟肠杆菌B8拮抗活性基因‘admA’及上游调控序列的克隆与功能鉴定

为了阐明水稻白叶枯病拮抗菌阴沟肠杆菌B8的作用机理,文章采用转座子标签法和染色体步移技术克隆到突变株B8B中Tn5插入位点周边拮抗活性相关片段,并通过基因敲除验证了获得的拮抗相关片段admA’上游调控序列的功能。以转座子中Kan抗性基因为标签,克隆了B8B菌株中Tn5插入位点左侧2 608 bp序列,经两次染色体步移得到Tn5插入位点右侧的2 354 bp序列。序列拼接后获得B8菌株拮抗相关序列4 611 bp的Bcontig。生物信息学分析显示该序列含有7个ORF,分别对应于3-磷酸甘油醛脱氢酶(GADPH)基因的部分编码区、2个LysR家族转录调控因子、弧菌假设蛋白VSWAT3-20465及成团泛菌(Pantoea agglomerans)andrimid生物合成基因簇的admA、admB和部分admC基因序列。B8B菌株Tn5插入分别位于同源于弧菌假设蛋白的anrPORF及‘admA’基因上游200 bp和894 bp处。通过同源重组技术,借助敲除质粒pMB-BG,获得拮抗活性消失的突变株B-1和B-3。结果表明B8B突变株中Tn5的插入可能影响了anrP蛋白的转录和表达,进而调控拮抗物质编码基因簇的生物合成。B8菌株中拮抗物质相关基因是类似于andrimid生物合成基因簇的基因家族,其上游调控区对该抗生素的生物合成具有重要的作用。     

甘蔗ACC氧化酶全长cDNA的克隆及序列分析

ACC氧化酶是高等植物乙烯生物合成途径中的限速酶。根据报道的植物ACC氧化酶基因序列设计特异引物,从甘蔗cDNA文库中克隆到一ACC氧化酶基因片段,命名为GZ-ACO,该基因长792bp,与甘蔗基因组文库中克隆的ACO基因片段仅18个碱基之差。根据该cDNA片段序列,设计两对末端扩增的特异引物,利用RACE-PCR技术,获得GZ-ACO片段的5′端和3′端序列。用VectorNTI7.0软件对三个序列进行拼接和分析,结果得到全长的甘蔗GZ-ACO氧化酶基因。GZ-ACOcDNA核苷酸序列长1307bp,具有一个972bp完整的读码框,启动子ATG位于126bp,终止子TAA位于1097bp,推导编码323个氨基酸。系统进化分析表明,GZ-ACO基因氨基酸序列与其它植物已报道的ACC氧化酶基因具有65%~86%的同源率,且与单子叶禾本科植物首先聚类,其次与单子叶芭蕉科、兰科植物聚类,最后与双子叶植物聚类,与植物形态的系统进化结果一致。该基因已在DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank基因数据库注册,注册号为AY521566。     

产Macrolactins的海洋细菌X-2中Ⅰ型PKS基因簇的筛选鉴定与功能分析

Macrolactins是近年来从Actinomadura sp.和Bacillus sp.等海洋来源的微生物中分离的一群24元大环内酯类化合物,具有抗菌、抗病毒和抗肿瘤等生物学活性.本室从东海海泥中分离到一株海洋细菌X-2,可产生多种Macrolactins.本研究自行设计了一套针对I型聚酮合酶(polyketidesynthase,PKS)基因中酮缩合酶(ketosynthase,KS)片段的简并引物,使用PCR方法直接克隆到了X-2基因组中的一段长约645 bp的Ⅰ型KS基因片段,提交GenBank获登录号EF486351,并以之为探针筛选X-2的fosmid基因组文库,得到了3个阳性克隆,测序获得的序列经同源性分析和功能预测,初步证实获得了该菌中负责生物合成Macrolactin的部分Ⅰ型PKS基因簇的功能序列.     

光叶楮肌动蛋白基因片段的克隆及其序列分析

目的:克隆构树Actin基因,为在分子生物学中研究外源基因在构树中的表达提供内参,为克隆和分析桑科其它植物的actin基因提供参考。方法:根据GenBank中一桑科植物桑树Actin基因的EST序列,设计引物,提取构树叶片总RNA,通过RT-PCR克隆目标片段。结果:获得一段大小为238bp的基因片段,经测序、同源性比较,这条片段的EST序列与桑树Actin基因、巴旦杏Actin基因的核苷酸同源性分别为96%、92%;氨基酸序列的同源性则分别为100%、98.73%。结论:通过实验结果分析表明获得了构树actin基因EST序列。     

蒙古冰草Actin基因片段的克隆及序列分析

旨在利用同源序列法分离蒙古冰草(Agropyron mongolicum Keng)Actin基因同源片段,为研究其他基因在蒙古冰草中的表达和调控提供内标参照.根据禾本科植物小麦Actin基因(AB181991)的保守序列设计2对引物A4和A5,采用RT-PCR扩增蒙古冰草的Actin基因片段,分别得到656 bp和848 bp的片段,使用DNAman和DNAuser等分子生物学软件进行序列分析,将2个片段的重复序列合并后获得一段长度为962 bp的基因片段,编码237个氨基酸,将克隆的Actin基因片段命名为MwACT.该序列与其它植物Actin基因核苷酸序列的同源性均在80%以上,其中与小麦、大麦的同源性达到94%;与氨基酸序列的同源性均在90%以上.     

Identification and functional analysis of gene cluster involvement in biosynthesis of the cyclic lipopeptide antibiotic pelgipeptin produced by Paenibacillus elgii

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Pelgipeptin, a potent antibacterial and antifungal agent, is a non-ribosomally synthesised lipopeptide antibiotic. This compound consists of a beta-hydroxy fatty acid and nine amino acids. To date, there is no information about its biosynthetic pathway. RESULTS: A potential pelgipeptin synthetase gene cluster (plp) was identified from Paenibacillus elgii B69 through genome analysis. The gene cluster spans 40.8 kb with eight open reading frames. Among the genes in this cluster, three large genes, plpD, plpE, and plpF, were shown to encode non-ribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPS), with one, seven, and one module(s), respectively. Bioinformatic analysis of the substrate specificity of all nine adenylation domains indicated that the sequence of the NRPS modules is well collinear with the order of amino acids in pelgipeptin. Additional biochemical analysis of four recombinant adenylation domains (PlpD A1, PlpE A1, PlpE A3, and PlpF A1) provided further evidence that the plp gene cluster involved in pelgipeptin biosynthesis. CONCLUSIONS: In this study, a gene cluster (plp) responsible for the biosynthesis of pelgipeptin was identified from the genome sequence of Paenibacillus elgii B69. The identification of the plp gene cluster provides an opportunity to develop novel lipopeptide antibiotics by genetic engineering.     

Naturally mosaic operons for secondary metabolite biosynthesis: variability and putative horizontal transfer of discrete catalytic domains of the epothilone polyketide synthase locus

A putative instance of horizontal gene transfer (HGT) involving adjacent, discrete beta-ketoacyl synthase (KS), acyl carrier protein (ACP) and nonribosomal peptide synthase (NRPS) domains of the epothilone Type I polyketide biosynthetic gene cluster from the myxobacterium Sorangium cellulosom was identified using molecular phylogenetics and sequence analyses. The specific KS domain of the module EPO B fails to cluster phylogenetically with other epothilone KS sequences present at this locus, in contrast to what is typically observed in many other Type I polyketide synthase (PKS) biosynthetic loci. Furthermore, the GC content of the epoB KS, epoA ACP and NRPS domains differs significantly from the base composition of other epothilone domain sequences. In addition, the putatively transferred epothilone loci are located near previously identified transposon-like sequences. Lastly, comparison with other KS loci revealed another possible case of horizontal transfer of secondary metabolite genes in the genus Pseudomonas. This study emphasizes the use of several lines of concordant evidence (phylogenetics, base composition, transposon sequences) to infer the evolutionary history of particular gene and enzyme sequences, and the results support the idea that genes coding for adaptive traits, e.g. defensive natural products, may be prone to transposition between divergent prokaryotic taxa and genomes.     

盐单胞菌属BYS1四氢嘧啶合成基因ectABC克隆及其盐激表达

利用SEFA-PCR技术从中度嗜盐菌Halomonassp.BYS-1总DNA中克隆了四氢嘧啶合成基因ectABC及其上游序列(GenBank accession number DQ017757);OMIGA软件分析结果显示ectA、ectB、ectC位于同一个操纵子上,大小分别为573bp1、251bp和387bp,预测编码的DAT(L-二氨基丁酸转氨酶)、DAA(L-二氨基丁酸乙酰转移酶)和ES(四氢嘧啶合酶)大小分别为21.1kDa(191 amino acid)、45.7kDa(417 amino acid)和14.5kDa(129 amino acid);将包含ectABC基因及其上游1000bp序列的片段克隆到pUC19中并转化E.coliDH5α,转化子E.coli(pUC19ECT)能够在盐激条件下合成四氢嘧啶,但其耐盐能力没有得到显著改善。     

The ergot alkaloid gene cluster in Claviceps purpurea: extension of the cluster sequence and intra species evolution

The genomic region of Claviceps purpurea strain P1 containing the ergot alkaloid gene cluster [Tudzynski, P., H?lter, K., Correia, T., Arntz, C., Grammel, N., Keller, U., 1999. Evidence for an ergot alkaloid gene cluster in Claviceps purpurea. Mol. Gen. Genet. 261, 133-141] was explored by chromosome walking, and additional genes probably involved in the ergot alkaloid biosynthesis have been identified. The putative cluster sequence (extending over 68.5kb) contains 4 different nonribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS) genes and several putative oxidases. Northern analysis showed that most of the genes were co-regulated (repressed by high phosphate), and identified probable flanking genes by lack of co-regulation. Comparison of the cluster sequences of strain P1, an ergotamine producer, with that of strain ECC93, an ergocristine producer, showed high conservation of most of the cluster genes, but significant variation in the NRPS modules, strongly suggesting that evolution of these chemical races of C. purpurea is determined by evolution of NRPS module specificity.     

Genome-based cryptic gene discovery and functional identification of NRPS siderophore peptide in Streptomyces peucetius

Identification of secondary metabolites produced by cryptic gene in bacteria may be difficult, but in the case of nonribosomal peptide (NRP)-type secondary metabolites, this study can be facilitated by bioinformatic analysis of the biosynthetic gene cluster and tandem mass spectrometry analysis. To illustrate this concept, we used mass spectrometry-guided bioinformatic analysis of genomic sequences to identify an NRP-type secondary metabolite from Streptomyces peucetius ATCC 27952. Five putative NRPS biosynthetic gene clusters were identified in the S. peucetius genome by DNA sequence analysis. Of these, the sp970 gene cluster encoded a complete NRPS domain structure, viz., C-A-T-C-A-T-E-C-A-T-C-A-T-C domains. Tandem mass spectrometry revealed that the functional siderophore peptide produced by this cluster had a molecular weight of 644.4 Da. Further analysis demonstrated that the siderophore peptide has a cyclic structure and an amino acid composition of AchfOrn–Arg–hOrn–hfOrn. The discovery of functional cryptic genes by analysis of the secretome, especially of NRP-type secondary metabolites, using mass spectrometry together with genome mining may contribute significantly to the development of pharmaceuticals such as hybrid antibiotics.     

Identification and characterization of the pyridomycin biosynthetic gene cluster of Streptomyces pyridomyceticus NRRL B-2517

Pyridomycin is a structurally unique antimycobacterial cyclodepsipeptide containing rare 3-(3-pyridyl)-l-alanine and 2-hydroxy-3-methylpent-2-enoic acid moieties. The biosynthetic gene cluster for pyridomycin has been cloned and identified from Streptomyces pyridomyceticus NRRL B-2517. Sequence analysis of a 42.5-kb DNA region revealed 26 putative open reading frames, including two nonribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS) genes and a polyketide synthase gene. A special feature is the presence of a polyketide synthase-type ketoreductase domain embedded in an NRPS. Furthermore, we showed that PyrA functioned as an NRPS adenylation domain that activates 3-hydroxypicolinic acid and transfers it to a discrete peptidyl carrier protein, PyrU, which functions as a loading module that initiates pyridomycin biosynthesis in vivo and in vitro. PyrA could also activate other aromatic acids, generating three pyridomycin analogues in vivo.     

Molecular cloning and identification of the laspartomycin biosynthetic gene cluster from Streptomyces viridochromogenes

The biosynthetic gene cluster for laspartomycins, a family of 11 amino acid peptide antibiotics, has been cloned and sequenced from Streptomyces viridochromogenes ATCC 29814. Annotation of a segment of 88912bp of S. viridochromogenes genomic sequence revealed the putative lpm cluster and its flanking regions which harbor 43 open reading frames. The lpm cluster, which spans approximately 60 kb, consists of 21 open reading frames. Those include four NRPS genes (lpmA/orf18, lpmB/orf25, lpmC/orf26 and lpmD/orf27), four genes (orfs 21, 22, 24 and 29) involved in the lipid tail biosynthesis and attachment, four regulatory genes (orfs 13, 19, 32 and 33) and three putative exporters or self-resistance genes (orfs 14, 20 and 30). In addition, the gene involved in the biosynthesis of the nonproteinogenic amino acid Pip was also identified in the lpm cluster while the genes necessary for the biosynthesis of the rare residue diaminopropionic acid (Dap) were found to reside elsewhere on the chromosome. Interestingly, the dabA, dabB and dabC genes predicted to code for the biosynthesis of the unusual amino acid diaminobutyric acid (Dab) are organized into the lpm cluster even though the Dab residue was not found in the laspartomycins. Disruption of the NRPS lpmC gene completely abolished laspartomycin production in the corresponding mutant strain. These findings will allow molecular engineering and combinatorial biosynthesis approaches to expand the structural diversity of the amphomycin-group peptide antibiotics including the laspartomycins and friulimicins.