猪肺炎支原体Mhp367蛋白不同区段与恢复期血清反应能力的比较

【背景】课题组前期研究发现猪肺炎支原体Mhp367蛋白是体液免疫显性蛋白,但该蛋白不同区段与猪肺炎支原体恢复期血清的反应能力尚不明确。【目的】鉴定Mhp367蛋白不同区段与猪肺炎支原体恢复期血清的反应能力。【方法】利用不同的引物组合扩增mhp367基因片段,扩增的片段连接pGEX-6P-1、pGEX-4T-3或pGEX-5X-3载体,转化大肠杆菌DH5α感受态细胞。提取的质粒经Bam H I和Xho I双酶切及测序确定重组质粒是否构建成功。正确的重组质粒转化大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)感受态细胞构建重组菌。重组菌经IPTG诱导和超声破菌后,经与谷胱甘肽beads结合和SDS-PAGE电泳检测目的蛋白表达情况。表达目的蛋白的重组菌破菌后上清包被谷胱甘肽板,ELISA方法鉴定Mhp367蛋白不同区段与猪肺炎支原体恢复期血清的反应能力。【结果】构建了9个能以可溶形式表达目的蛋白的重组菌;9个Mhp367蛋白片段均为体液免疫显性,第394-524位氨基酸区段与猪肺炎支原体恢复期血清反应最强,是一个良好的疫苗候选抗原区段。【结论】本研究为猪肺炎支原体基因工程亚单位疫苗的研发提供了候选抗原靶标。     

检测猪丹毒杆菌抗体重组SpaA ELISA的建立

【目的】利用表达纯化的猪丹毒杆菌表面保护性蛋白SpaA,建立检测猪丹毒杆菌抗体的间接ELISA方法。【方法】克隆扩增猪丹毒杆菌SpaA基因,并将SpaA基因与原核表达载体p GEX-6P-1连接,通过PCR、双酶切及测序鉴定后,将阳性重组质粒转化入受体菌E.coli Rosetta(DE3),并利用IPTG进行诱导表达,SDS-PAGE和Western blot鉴定表达产物。将SpaA重组蛋白按不同浓度包被酶标板,通过方阵滴定法确定最佳抗原包被浓度及血清稀释度,并对其他条件进行优化,最终建立检测猪丹毒杆菌抗体的间接ELISA方法。【结果】利用克隆表达的猪丹毒杆菌SpaA蛋白作抗原,通过方阵滴定法确定蛋白最佳包被浓度为1.0 mg/L,血清的最佳稀释度为1:100,建立了检测猪丹毒杆菌抗体的间接ELISA方法,批内及批间变异系数均小于10%,具有较好的重复性及特异性。用建立的间接ELISA方法检测猪丹毒疫苗免疫后的健康猪血清样品,检测结果与美国TSZ公司猪丹毒杆菌抗体检测试剂盒和Western blot鉴定结果进行对比,两者总符合率分别为92.20%、92.59%。【结论】试验利用原核表达的SpaA重组蛋白作抗原建立的检测猪丹毒杆菌抗体的间接ELISA方法,特异性强、重复性好、敏感性高,可用于猪丹毒杆菌的抗体检测及流行病学调查。     

重组钩端螺旋体外膜蛋白酶联免疫吸附(ELISA)检测方法的建立

目的建立以重组外膜蛋白为基础的钩端螺旋体抗体间接ELISA检测方法。方法以基因重组技术获取重组钩端螺旋体外膜蛋白LipL32,以该蛋白为抗原,特异的钩体抗血清进行ELISA方阵滴定、交叉性试验、阻断试验,并对北京地区的70份犬血清使用建立的ELISA方法以及德国Virion公司的全菌体钩端螺旋体ELISA试剂盒进行相互验证。结果方阵滴定试验确立以100ng/孔为抗原包被浓度,1∶160为血清稀释度。交叉性试验具有广泛性、阻断试验标明该方法特异性强、灵敏度高。两种方法数据经χ2检验,两者检出率之间差异不显著。结论重组LipL32蛋白具有结合活性。初步建立了以重组LipL32蛋白为抗原的钩端螺旋体抗体间接ELISA检测方法。     

猪细小病毒VP2蛋白的主要抗原表位基因的原核表达及检测应用

将构建好的重组质粒PET-VP2Ⅰ转化宿主菌BL21,利用IPTG(1mmol/L)诱导实现了PET-VP2Ⅰ蛋白主要抗原域VP2Ⅰ融合蛋白的高效表达。通过Western-blot检测证明表达的重组蛋白具有良好的免疫学活性。表达产物经HisBind层析柱纯化后作为诊断抗原初步建立了检测PPV抗体的间接ELISA方法。结果表明:抗原的最佳包被浓度为3.5μg/mL,血清的最佳稀释度为1∶40,待检血清阳性标准初步定为OD490>0.51,且待检血清的OD490值与阴性血清的OD490值的比值大于2.1。     

家兔支气管败血波氏杆菌重组百日咳杆菌粘附素（PRN）蛋白的原核表达及其间接ELISA方法的建立

目的表达支气管败血波氏杆菌（Bordetella bronchiseptica,Bb）PRN蛋白,并以此建立检测Bb抗体的间接ELISA方法。方法参照GenBank公布的猪源支气管败血波氏杆菌prn基因序列（AY376325）设计了一对特异性引物,PCR扩增出相应的核苷酸片段。将PCR扩增产物连接至原核表达载体pGEX-4T-1中,以E.coli BL21（DE3）为表达菌株进行诱导表达,以纯化重组蛋白PRN作为诊断抗原,通过探索最佳抗原包被量和抗体血清稀释倍数等,建立检测支气管败血波氏杆菌抗体的间接ELISA方法。结果成功克隆了prn全基因序列,并在E.coliBL21（DE3）中获得高效表达,经SDS-PAGE、Western blot分析显示重组蛋白PRN具有良好的抗原性。应用重组蛋白PRN为抗原建立了检测Bb血清抗体的间接ELISA诊断方法。试验确定重组蛋白PRN抗原的包被浓度为500ng/mL,最适血清稀释度为1∶40。结论建立的ELISA检测方法,不仅为Bb抗体检测提供了实用的血清学检测手段,也为进一步开发Bb检测试剂盒奠定了基础。     

PRRSV血液抗体间接ELISA检测方法的建立

中国动物卫生与流行病学中心陈义军与扬州大学农业部畜禽传染病学重点开放实验室彭长凌等科研专家用亲和层析纯化的猪繁殖与吸人综合征病毒PRRSV重组核衣壳蛋白GST-N作为诊断抗原,建立检测PRRS血清抗体的间接ELISA方法。抗原最佳包被量为每孔400ng,待检血清最佳稀释度为1：100,     

家兔支气管败血波氏杆菌重组蛋白DNT1的原核表达及其间接ELISA方法的建立

目的表达支气管败血波氏杆菌（Bordetella bronchiseptica,Bb）DNT蛋白,并以此建立检测Bb抗体的间接ELISA方法。方法参照GenBank公布的猪源支气管败血波氏杆菌dnt基因序列（AB020025）针对其N-端设计了一对特异性引物,PCR扩增出相应的核苷酸片段。将PCR扩增产物连接至原核表达载体pET-28a（＋）载体中,以E.coli BL21（DE3）为表达菌株进行诱导表达,以纯化重组蛋白DNT1作为诊断抗原,通过探索最佳抗原包被量和抗体血清稀释倍数,建立检测支气管败血波氏杆菌重组蛋白DNT1抗体的ELISA方法。结果成功克隆了dntN-端的基因序列,并在E.coli BL21（DE3）中获得高效表达,经SDS-PAGE、Western blot分析显示重组蛋白DNT1具有良好的抗原性。应用重组蛋白DNT1为抗原建立了检测Bb血清抗体的间接ELISA诊断方法。试验确定重组蛋白DNT1抗原的包被浓度为6.25μg/mL,最适血清稀释度为1∶100。结论建立的ELISA检测方法,不仅为Bb抗体检测提供了一种比较实用的血清学检测手段,也为进一步开发Bb检测试剂盒奠定了基础。     

布鲁菌核糖体蛋白L7/L12的表达纯化及生物活性鉴定

目的:原核表达系统表达布鲁菌核糖体蛋白L7/L12与GST的融合蛋白GST-L7/L12,并纯化蛋白L7/L12,建立检测特异性抗体的间接ELISA方法。方法:对含有L7/L12的原核表达载体pGEX-4T-1-L7/L12进行了原核表达。利用亲和层析柱分别纯化融合蛋白GST-L7/L12和蛋白L7/L12,并用SDS-PAGE及Western印迹分析鉴定。以L7/L12为抗原包被微量板,优化抗原包被浓度和羊抗鼠IgG-HRP稀释度,建立间接ELISA方法,并检测其特异性。结果:SDS-PAGE结果显示在相对分子质量为38000和12000处可见纯化蛋白的条带,Western印迹分析表明这2条带均能被免疫兔血清识别,表明获得了纯化的有生物活性的融合蛋白GST-L7/L12和蛋白L7/L12。间接ELISA方法的L7/L12抗原包被浓度为5μg/mL,羊抗鼠酶标二抗稀释度为1∶1000。小鼠免疫血清与L7/L12抗原出现阳性反应,而与布鲁菌融合蛋白OMP31、结核分枝杆菌抗原85b及牛血清白蛋白则呈阴性。结论:成功地对布鲁菌核糖体蛋白L7/L12进行了原核表达和纯化,以其为基础建立的间接ELISA方法稳定且特异。     

猪细小病毒VP2蛋白的主要抗原表位基因的原核表达及检测应用

将构建好的重组质粒PET-VP2Ⅰ转化宿主菌BL21,利用IPTG(1mmol/L)诱导实现了PET-VP2 Ⅰ蛋白主要抗原域VP2 Ⅰ融合蛋白的高效表达.通过Western-blot检测证明表达的重组蛋白具有良好的免疫学活性.表达产物经HisBind层析柱纯化后作为诊断抗原初步建立了检测PPV抗体的间接ELISA方法.结果表明抗原的最佳包被浓度为3.5μg/mL,血清的最佳稀释度为140,待检血清阳性标准初步定为OD490＞0.51,且待检血清的OD490值与阴性血清的OD490值的比值大于2.1.     

猪细小病毒NS1抗原表位的真核表达及ELISA方法的建立

以猪细小病毒NS1抗原表位的真核表达及ELISA建立为目的,以猪细小病毒基因组DNA为模板,扩增获得PPVNS1主要抗原表位基因,将其插入到真核表达载体pPICZα-A中,获得重组质粒pPICZα-A-NS1。电转化后将重组毕赤酵母菌株诱导表达,SDS-PAGE检测证实重组蛋白获得了高效表达,Western blot实验表明表达产物具有良好的反应原性。将纯化后的重组蛋白包被酶标板,经棋盘法优化,初步建立了检测猪细小病毒特异性抗体的间接ELISA方法。结果表明,抗原最佳包被浓度为1.9μg/mL,血清最佳稀释度为1∶80,阳性判断标准定为OD待检血清>0.4且OD待检血清/OD标准阴性值>2.0。用该方法对猪血清样品进行检测,结果显示本方法与HI试验的符合率达91.2%,与国外同类试剂盒的符合率为92.1%,该间接ELISA方法特异性强、敏感性高,可用于猪细小病毒病感染抗体的检测。     

Identification of vaccine candidate antigens of Staphylococcus aureus by serological proteome analysis

In this study we applied serological proteome analysis (Klade, C. S. et al. Proteomics 2001, 1, 890-898) for identification of bacterial vaccine candidate antigens. First, approximately one hundred sera from healthy individuals and patients suffering from Staphylococcus aureus infections were screened for antibodies against staphylococcal lysates and recombinant proteins representing surface antigens. Two pools (healthy donors, patients) each consisting of five sera with the highest antiproteinaceous IgG reactivity were selected. Second, S. aureus COL was grown under different conditions and the number of antigens expressed was monitored by Western blot analysis. Third, surface proteins were enriched by digesting the bacterial cell wall under isotonic conditions and subsequent removal of protoplasts. These protein preparations were resolved by two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) (pI 4-7). 2-DE immunoblotting using the preselected serum pools at 1:10 000-1:100 000 dilutions revealed a number of highly immunogenic staphylococcal proteins. Twenty-one spots were isolated by preparative 2-DE, and analysed by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry and tandem mass spectrometry sequencing of tryptic peptides. This led to the identification of 15 proteins including known and novel vaccine candidates. Seroreactivity of several antigens including serine-aspartate repeat containing protein D, immuno-dominant staphylococcal antigen and a novel 309 amino acid lipoprotein was independently confirmed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and Western blot analysis of purified recombinant proteins. In conclusion, serological proteome analysis proved to be a powerful tool for the identification of novel staphylococcal antigens, which provide a basis for rational vaccine design.     

Heterogeneous antibody response to polyvalent melanoma vaccines in syngeneic mice

In this study, a human melanoma vaccine induced antibody responses in mice that varied significantly from animal to animal. BALB/c mice were immunized to a xenogenic human polyvalent melanoma vaccine that has been used in phase II clinical trials in over 600 patients. Mice were bled biweekly for up to 6 weeks to measure antibody responses. IgG antibody responses to the melanoma vaccine components were detectable within 2 weeks but were much stronger at 4 and 6 weeks. When the pooled sera were further analyzed by Western blot, a complex pattern of antigens was detected. When individual sera from identically immunized mice were assayed by Western blot, a consistent, reproducible pattern of antigen recognition was not seen. Rather, we found significantly different antibody responses among the mice. Both the intensity of antibody responses and the pattern of antigens recognized varied from animal to animal. Although there appeared to be immunodominant antigens that produced antibody responses in most mice, no single antigen induced antibody responses in all mice. These results demonstrate that polyvalent vaccines induce heterogeneous antibody responses in mice treated identically. Analysis of the response of selected melanoma patients immunized to the same vaccine revealed similar antibody responses to the antigens in the melanoma vaccine. Heterogeneity may hamper interpretation of vaccine immunogenicity and relevant tumor antigens in humans.     

A recombinant pseudorabies virus expressing TgSAG1 protects against challenge with the virulent Toxoplasma gondii RH strain and pseudorabies in BALB/c mice

The major immunodominant surface antigen 1 (TgSAG1) of invasive tachyzoites is a vaccine candidate antigen for Toxoplasma gondii. In this study, we developed a recombinant pseudorabies virus (PRV) expressing TgSAG1 (rPRV/SAG1) based on the PRV vaccine strain Bartha K-61 by homologous recombination, in which partial PK and gG genes were deleted. The growth assay of rPRV/SAG1 showed that the recombinant virus can replicate in vitro as efficiently as PRV Bartha K-61, demonstrating that insertion of the TgSAG1 gene in the PK and gG locus of PRV does not affect the replication of PRV. All mice vaccinated with rPRV/SAG1 developed a high level of specific antibody responses against T. gondii lysate antigen (TLA), a strong increase of the splenocyte proliferative response, and significant levels of IFN-gamma and IL-2 production. And the immunization of mice with rPRV/SAG1 elicited strong cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses in vitro. These results demonstrate that rPRV/SAG1 could induce significant humoral and cellular Th1 immune responses. Moreover, rPVR/SAG1 immunization induced partial protection (60%) against a lethal challenge with the highly virulent T. gondii RH strain, and neutralizing antibodies against PRV in a BALB/c mouse model. These results suggest that expression of protective antigens of T. gondii in PRV Bartha K-61 is a novel approach towards the development of a vaccine against both animal toxoplasmosis and pseudorabies.     

猪肺炎支原体Mhp366-N蛋白多克隆抗体的制备及应用

【背景】猪肺炎支原体是猪的一种重要的病原。该菌的研究工具较少,特别是缺少开展其致病机制研究需要的抗体。【目的】制备猪肺炎支原体Mhp366-N蛋白抗体并确定其应用范围和使用时的最佳稀释倍数。【方法】Escherichia coli BL21(DE3)-pET28a(+)-mhp366-N重组菌诱导表达Mhp366-N蛋白并纯化。纯化的蛋白免疫小鼠制备多克隆抗体。用免疫印迹和免疫荧光方法检测猪肺炎支原体AH株感染3D4/21细胞后的Mhp366蛋白,确定2种方法中Mhp366-N多克隆抗体的最佳稀释倍数;之后检测临床采集的猪肺泡巨噬细胞中的猪肺炎支原体;最后以免疫组化试验检测猪肺炎支原体感染的肺细胞。【结果】纯化的Mhp366-N蛋白纯度超过85%,免疫小鼠制备的抗血清效价在1:128 000-1:512 000之间。在免疫印迹试验中Mhp366-N多克隆抗体的最佳工作浓度为1:100 000稀释,免疫荧光试验中Mhp366-N多克隆抗体的工作浓度范围在1:1 000-1:10 000 000,其可用于临床采集的猪肺泡巨噬细胞和细胞系中猪肺炎支原体的检测。免疫组化试验结果显示猪肺炎支原体能够进入猪肺泡巨噬细胞、Ⅰ型和Ⅱ型肺泡上皮细胞。【结论】制备的Mhp366-N多克隆抗体为猪肺炎支原体致病机制研究提供了良好的研究工具。     

Discovery of new Mycoplasma pneumoniae antigens by use of a whole-genome lambda display library

Mycoplasma pneumoniae is the leading cause of atypical pneumonia in children and young adults. Bacterial colonization can occur in both the upper and the lower respiratory tracts and take place both endemically and epidemically worldwide. Characteristically, the infection is chronic in onset and recovery and both humoral and cell-mediated mechanisms are involved in the response to bacterial colonization. To identify bacterial proteins recognized by host antibody responses, a whole-genome M. pneumoniae library was created and displayed on lambda bacteriophage. The challenge of such a library with sera from individuals hospitalized for mycoplasmal pneumonia allowed the identification of a panel of recombinant bacteriophages carrying B-cell epitopes. Among the already known M. pneumoniae B-cell antigens, our results confirmed the immunogenicity of P1 and P30 adhesins. Also, the data presented in this study localized, within their sequences, the immunodominant epitopes recognized by human immunoglobulins. Furthermore, library screening allowed the identification of four novel immunogenic polypeptides, respectively, encoded by fragments of the MPN152, MPN426, MPN456 and MPN-500 open reading frames, highlighting and further confirming the potential of lambda display technology in antigen and epitope discovery.     

The nature and prospects for gut membrane proteins as vaccine candidates for Haemonchus contortus and other ruminant trichostrongyloids

Substantial progress has been made in the last decade in identifying several antigens from Haemonchus contortus which, in their native form, stimulate useful levels of protective immunity (70-95% reductions in faecal egg output) in the ovine host. Much work has focussed on proteins/protein complexes expressed on the surface of the worm gut which are exposed to the blood meal, and, hence, antibody ingested with it. The antigens generally, but not in all cases, show protease activity and antibody is thought to mediate protective immunity by blocking the activity of enzymes involved in digestion within the worm. This review summarises the protective efficacy, as well as the biochemical and molecular properties, of the principal candidate antigens which are expressed in the gut of these parasites. Of course, such antigens will have to be expressed as recombinant proteins to be sufficiently cost-effective for use in a commercial vaccine and the current status of recombinant antigen expression is discussed with particular reference to conformation and glycosylation. There is a need for continued antigen definition even in the confines of gut antigens and potential targets can be selected from the rapidly expanding genome/EST datasets on the basis of predicted functional homology. Gene knockout technologies such as RNA interference have the potential to provide high throughput, rapid and inexpensive methods to define whether the protein product of a particular gene would be a suitable vaccine candidate.     

Use of a recombinant baculovirus product to measure naturally-acquired human antibodies to disulphide-constrained epitopes on the P. falciparum merozoite surface protein-1 (MSP1)

Abstract An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) has been developed to measure antibody levels in human sera to a candidate vaccine antigen, merozoite surface protein-1 (MSP1), of the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum . To ensure the detection of antibodies reactive with important conformational epitopes, antigens used in the ELISA were obtained from either in vitro parasite cultures, or from a baculovirus expression system in which correct folding of recombinant MSP1-derived polypeptides has been previously demonstrated. The specificity of the ELISA was confirmed using a novel antibody affinity select method. The assay was used to investigate the pattern of acquisition of anti-MSP1 antibodies in a cross-sectional survey of 387 3–8 year old residents of a malaria endemic area of the Gambia. A significant positive correlation between anti-MSP1 antibody levels and age was evident, though individual responses to two antigens corresponding to two distinct domains of the MSP1 varied widely.     

Identifying autoantibody signatures in cancer: a promising challenge

Biomarkers that show high sensitivity and specificity are needed for the early diagnosis and prognosis of cancer. An immune response to cancer is elicited in humans, as demonstrated, in part, by the identification of autoantibodies against a number of tumor-associated antigen (TAAs) in sera from patients with different types of cancer. Identification of TAAs and their cognate autoantibodies is a promising strategy for the discovery of relevant biomarkers. During the past few years, three proteomic approaches, including serological identification of antigens by recombinant expression cloning (SEREX), serological proteome analysis (SERPA) and, more recently, protein microarrays, have been the dominant strategies used to identify TAAs and their cognate autoantibodies. In this review, we aim to describe the advantages, drawbacks and recent improvements of these approaches for the study of humoral responses. Finally, we discuss the definition of autoantibody signatures to improve sensitivity for the development of clinically relevant tests.     

Molecular dissection of the human B-cell response against Toxoplasma gondii infection by lambda display of cDNA libraries

The disorders generated by Toxoplasma gondii infection are closely associated with the competence of the host immune system and both humoral and cell mediated immunity are involved in response to parasite invasion. To identify antigens implicated in human B-cell responses, we screened a phage-display library of T. gondii cDNA fragments with sera of infected individuals. This approach identified a panel of recombinant phage clones carrying B-cell epitopes. All the peptide sequences selected by this procedure are regions of T. gondii gene products. These regions contain epitopes of the T. gondii antigens SAG1, GRA1, GRA7, GRA8 and MIC5, which are recognised by human immunoglobulins. Moreover, we report the isolation and characterisation of two additional immunodominant regions encoded by GRA3 and MIC3 genes, whose products have never been described as antigens of the human B-cell response against T. gondii infection. These results demonstrate potential of lambda-display technology for antigen discovery and for the study of the human antibody response against infectious agents.