牛磺酸对虎纹蛙非特异性免疫及血清氧化还原状态的影响

为探讨牛磺酸在无尾两栖类免疫调节和抗氧化能力方面的功能和作用,通过灌胃方式研究了不同浓度牛磺酸对虎纹蛙(Hoplobatrachus rugulosus)脾巨噬细胞呼吸爆发、外周血吞噬活力、胃溶菌酶活力以及血清丙二醛(MDA)和谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量的影响。结果表明:连续7 d的牛磺酸灌胃可显著提高脾巨噬细胞的呼吸爆发强度和外周血细胞的吞噬活力并呈现出明显的剂量效应。当灌胃浓度达到0.8 g/L时两者均达到峰值,但高于0.8 g/L时则表现出条件毒性。胃溶菌酶活力在各浓度下无明显变化。此外,血清MDA含量随牛磺酸浓度的升高而降低,GSH含量在一定的浓度范围内呈现出明显的剂量效应,在1 g/L时达到峰值。研究结果证明牛磺酸可以明显提高虎纹蛙的非特异性免疫功能和机体氧化防御能力,但摄入过量则表现出条件毒性。基于上述指标的评估,虎纹蛙对牛磺酸的适宜需求量按体重计算约为16~20 mg/kg。     

红鳍东方鲀特异性免疫相关基因的研究进展

红鳍东方(Takifugu rubripes)是我国北方重要的经济鱼类,但随着人工养殖规模的扩大,红鳍东方的病害越来越突出,给红鳍东方的生产造成了影响。因此,对红鳍东方免疫相关基因的研究意义十分重大。综述红鳍东方特异性免疫相关基因的研究进展。     

正常妊娠大鼠的Th2型免疫反应

采用流式细胞仪,^3H-TdR掺入和酶联免疫打点(enzyme-linked immunospot,ELISPOT)方法研究妊娠免疫学指标的改变。妊娠晚期大鼠脾脏单个核细胞表面分子主要组织相容性抗原Ⅱ(MHCⅡ)明显下调,外周血单个核细胞表达CD11c明显减少,共激活分子B7-1和B7-2未见改变;脾脏和外周血单个核细胞中Th2细胞因子IL-10、IL-4表达增多,TGFD阳性细胞数也明显增加,而Th1细胞因子IFNγ的产生未受抑制。此外,脾脏和外周血中单个核细胞的抗原特异性增殖未见改变,而腹腔淋巴结细胞的增殖明显升高。脾脏单个核细胞在妊娠晚期分泌较少的抗原特异性抗体。提示妊娠期性激素具有免疫调节作用,可能与怀孕时Th1细胞介导的自身免疫性疾病得到缓解有关。     

牛IL-6基因克隆及其在大鼠体内活性预测

运用RT-PCR技术从由植物凝集素(PHA)诱导培养的牛外周血淋巴细胞(PBMC)扩增出牛白细胞介素6(IL6)完整开放阅读框(ORF),并通过序列比对、同源建模等方法对牛、人和大鼠的IL-6基因序列、可能的活性氨基酸残基、结构进行了比较分析,推测牛的IL-6基因可以在大鼠体内发挥较好的活性作用。     

低氧暴露对大鼠外周血T淋巴细胞活化的影响

目的：探讨低氧暴露后大鼠外周血T淋巴细胞亚群及活化共刺激分子的变化,为干预措施的研究提供科学依据。方法：采用三色免疫荧光标记流式细胞仪分析法,观察在低氧暴露前和模拟海拔8 000 m低氧暴露8 h、3d6、d和10 d后,大鼠外周血T淋巴细胞亚群和T淋巴细胞活化共刺激分子的变化。结果：模拟海拔8 000 m低氧暴露8 h后,大鼠CD3＋、CD8＋、CD8＋CD28-细胞数较低氧前均显著降低（P均〈0.01）;低氧暴露3 d后,除上述变化外,CD4＋CD28＋细胞数也显著降低（P〈0.01）,CD4＋CD28-细胞数显著增加（P〈0.01）;低氧暴露6 d和10 d后,CD3＋、CD4＋呈现进一步降低趋势,CD8＋CD28＋细胞数显著增加（P〈0.01）。结论：说明模拟海拔8 000 m低氧暴露8 h和3 d后,大鼠外周血CD8＋、CD4＋T淋巴细胞活化水平均显著下降,随着低氧暴露时间的延长,CD8＋T淋巴细胞活化水平由降低变为增加。     

三种妇科栓剂对大鼠宫颈糜烂模型的治疗作用及抗菌活性的比较

目的比较三种临床常用妇科栓剂保妇康、消糜栓、复方莪术油栓治疗大鼠宫颈糜烂模型的作用和抗菌活性。方法50只大鼠分为空白对照组、模型组、保妇康、消糜栓、复方莪术油栓组,以阴道注入苯酚胶浆造成宫颈糜烂模型,空白对照仅给予生理盐水,药物治疗7d后,观察宫颈的组织病理切片。采用琼脂稀释法测定最小抑菌浓度以比较三种药物对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、白色念珠菌的抑制活性。结果与对照相比,模型组表现明显的宫颈糜烂,大量炎细胞浸润、血管扩张充血及阴道上皮角化,而三种药物对大鼠宫颈糜烂均有明显的治疗作用,其中复方莪术油栓的效果最为明显,复方莪术油栓显著抑制金黄色葡萄球菌和白色念珠菌,但对大肠杆菌抑制作用不明显,保妇康、消糜栓也具有一定的抗菌活性。结论三种药物对大鼠宫颈糜烂均有明显的治疗作用和抗菌活性,其中复方莪术油栓的效果较为明显,为临床用药提供了参考。     

柞蚕雄蛾提取液对放疗后荷瘤大鼠Th1/Th2漂移的影响

目的:研究柞蚕雄蛾提取液对放疗后荷瘤大鼠Th1/Th2平衡的影响及机制.方法:60只雄性Wistar大鼠建立W256荷瘤模型,随机分为模型组、单纯放疗组和实验组即放疗联合蚕蛾提取液治疗组,每组各20只.单纯放疗组和实验组给予常规放疗,5Cy/天,连续照射2天,总量10Gy.照射后10天取大鼠脾脏和胸腺,并计算脏器指数;用流式细胞术(FCM)检测外周血T淋巴细胞亚群变化;用酶联免疫吸附实验(ELISA)测定血清中Th1型细胞因子INF-γ和Th2型细胞因子IL-4含量;用免疫组化检测脾脏中Thl型细胞因子INF-γ、Th2型细胞因子IL-4表达变化.结果:实验组与单纯放疗组比较,荷瘤大鼠脾脏和胸腺指数升高;荷瘤大鼠外周血中CD4+T细胞比例与CD4+T/CD8+T值增加;荷瘤大鼠血清中细胞因子INF-γ含量明显升高,而IL-4含量显著降低;脾脏中INF-γ表达增加,几4表达减弱.结论:柞蚕雄蛾提取液可以改善荷瘤大鼠放疗后免疫功能抑制状态,改变荷瘤机体免疫功能,可作为恶性肿瘤传统放疗中的辅助用药.     

雷公藤多苷对大鼠肺移植后的抑制作用及外周血细胞的影响研究

目的：研究雷公藤多苷对大鼠肺移植后的免疫排斥反应的抑制作用及对外周血细胞的影响。方法：随机选取100只SD大鼠分为空白组、对照组和治疗组,空白组20只大鼠,大鼠为正常大鼠,对照组共40只大鼠（其中20只为供体,20只为受体）和治疗组40只（其中20只为供体,20只为受体）大鼠均采用改良三袖套法吻合技术建立大鼠左肺原位移植的动物模型。移植手术后空白组和对照组采用生理盐水灌胃（1mL／d）,治疗组用雷公藤多苷（50mg／kg-d）灌胃,连续灌胃5d。观察各组大鼠的肺的大体形态及镜下的病理变化,确定排斥反应的等级,并测量各组大鼠外周血中T细胞活化率。结果：对照组大鼠病理改变较治疗组严重,治疗组排斥反应等级低于对照组的级别,差别有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;对照组的T细胞活化率高于治疗组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）：对照组的活化率高于空白组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;治疗组的活化率于空白组相近,差异没有统计学意义（P=0．274）。结论：雷公藤多苷对大鼠肺移植后的排斥反应有抑制作用,其抑制机制之一可能是通过降低外周血T细胞活化率达到的。     

禽流感特异性转移因子的制备及其免疫作用

目的制备禽流感病毒特异性转移因子并探讨其对禽流感灭活疫苗的免疫增效作用。方法用禽流感病毒H5N1血清亚型灭活疫苗免疫鸡,用国标血凝抑制方法检测病毒特异性血凝抑制抗体效价。当抗体效价达到高峰时,翅静脉采取外周血,分离淋巴细胞并制备细胞单层、传代后获得禽流感病毒H5N1血清亚型特异性转移因子。用所获得的特异性转移因子进行疫苗免疫增效试验。结果采用本法可获得禽流感病毒特异性转移因子。免疫增效试验表明,在进行禽流感病毒灭活疫苗免疫的同时使用禽流感病毒特异性转移因子,可在一定幅度内提高禽流感病毒抗体水平并能延长抗体维持时间。不同给药途径比较试验表明,口服途径给药的疫苗增效作用优于注射途径给药。结论通过淋巴细胞体外培养可以制备禽流感病毒特异性转移因子。禽流感病毒H5N1血清亚型特异性转移因子对禽流感病毒灭活疫苗具有明显的增效作用,且口服途径给药的疫苗免疫增效作用优于注射途径给药。     

甲状腺素对大鼠实验性自体免疫心肌炎的作用

实验选用清洁级F344/NSIc大鼠,腹腔内注射甲状腺素（10μg/100g体重）,观察甲状腺素对肌球蛋白诱导的实验性自体免疫心肌炎的作用,并用免疫荧光技术结合流式细胞仪分析甲状腺素对免疫反应的影响。结果显示,甲状腺素对肌球蛋白免疫所致的心肌坏死,炎性细胞浸润和纤维化没有明显的改善作用;甲状腺素可诱导外周血B淋巴细胞比例升高。但对辅助T细胞和抑制T细胞比例。辅助T细胞/抑制T细胞比率没有影响。     

不同训练方法对大鼠骨折后脊髓功能恢复的影响

摘要 目的：分析不同训练方法对大鼠骨折后脊髓功能恢复的影响。方法：随机选取40只Sprague Dawley (SD)大鼠,建立骨折合并脊髓损伤模型,另取10只大鼠作为正常组。将建模成功的SD大鼠随机分为模型组、减重平板训练组、游泳训练组和转笼训练组。分别于损伤前和损伤后对大鼠的运动功能进行评测;术后35 d对大鼠的运动诱发电位（(motor evoked potentials, MEP）、脑源性神经生长因子（brain-derived neuotrophyic factor, BDNF）、神经元特异性烯醇化酶（neuron-specific enolase, NSE）和脊髓组织Cleaved Caspase-3表达量、肌纤维横截面积和直径进行评测。结果：损伤后,手术组大鼠运动功能评分均降低;经不同方式训练后,大鼠的运动功能评分均上升,14 d～35 d数据差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。术后35 d,与模型组相比,训练组大鼠运动诱发电位潜伏期均缩短,波幅、BDNF和NSE表达量、肌纤维横截面积和直径均增大,Cleaved Caspase-3表达量均降低,14 d～35 d数据差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。其中,减重平板训练组各指标检测结果最优。结论：三种训练方式均可促进大鼠骨折后脊髓功能恢复,其中减重平板训练组恢复效果＞游泳训练组＞转笼训练组。     

The effect of treatment with the medicinal plant Rhazya stricta decne on gentamicin nephrotoxicity in rats.

Generation of oxygen free radicals in kidney cortex plays an important role in the pathogenesis of gentamicin (GM) nephrotoxicity, and the leaf extract of the medicinal plant Rhazya stricta has been shown to have an anti-oxidant action in rats. Therefore, in the present work we aimed at testing, in this species, the possible protective effect of R. stricta extract on GM nephrotoxicity. Crude water extract of R. Stricta leaves (0.25, 0.5 and 1 g/Kg) was given orally to rats four days before GM treatment, and thereafter, concomitantly with GM (80 mg/Kg/day) for another six days. Nephrotoxicity was evaluated histopathologically by light microscopy, and biochemically by measuring the concentrations of urea and creatinine in serum, reduced glutathione (GSH), lipid peroxidation and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in kidney cortex. The results suggested that the plant extract (0.25 g/Kg) was ineffective in significantly altering the indices of GM-induced nephrotoxicity. However, a dose-related amelioration in the indices of toxicity was noted when the two higher doses of the plant extract were given. The plant extract, at the three doses used, had no significant adverse effect on the body weight of treated rats or on the measured hepatic and renal functions in serum. However, the two higher doses, significantly and dose-dependently increased SOD activity and GSH concentration, and decreased that of lipid peroxides in the kidney cortex. These results suggest that R. stricta water extract may contain compounds that could potentially ameliorate GM nephrotoxicity in rats.     

从非同源蛋白质的一级序列预测其结构类

对基于氨基酸组成、自相关函数和自协方差函数提取特征的蛋白质结构类预测算法进行分析比较,对氨基酸组成和自相关函数相结合的方法,以及氨基酸组成和自协放差函数相结合的方法的预测算法进行了研究。结果表明：对非同源蛋白质,因氨基酸和自相关函数相结合的方法中,采用Miyazawa和Jernigan的疏水值时,训练的自检验的总精度为95．34％,其Jackknife检验的总精度为81．92％,检验加的他检验的总精工为86．61％。在氨基酸组成和自协方差函数相结合的方法中,采用Wold等的疏水值时,训练库的自检验的总精度为96．71％,其Jackknife检验的总精度为82．18％,检验加的他检验的总精工为86．88％。这说明氨基酸组成和自相关函数相结合的方法,以及氨基酸组成和自协方差函数相结合的方法可有效提高结构类预测精度,表明提取更多有效的序列信息是提高分类精度的关键。     

骨髓间充质干细胞移植对心衰大鼠心肌结构和功能的影响

研究骨髓间充质干细胞(MSC)移植对心力衰竭(简称心衰)大鼠心肌结构和功能的影响以及在病损心肌体内分化为心肌细胞的情况。将96只Wistar大鼠,用阿霉素成功诱导了54只心衰模型,随机分成3组,移植组为左室前壁注射MSC,对照组注射培养基,心衰组不给予任何干预措施。由彩色超声心动图(TTE)监测左室心功能参数。8周检测完成后取出心脏标本,做冰冻切片脏染色观察病损心肌结构的变化及免疫荧光检查植入MSC心肌肌球蛋白重链(MHC)及心肌特有的连接蛋白(Cx43)表达情况。结果表明植入的MSC存活并表达了MHC及Cx43,其周围宿主心肌细胞肿胀明显减轻。在移植MSC2周后,心功能开始改善,至8周时,心功改善能更明显。由此得出结论：MSC在病损心肌体内不仅能存活、分化为心肌细胞,使病损心肌组织病变减轻。而且可显著改善心衰大鼠的心功能。     

ABSTRACTS OF THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE 31st ANNUAL SCIENTIFIC CONFERENCE OF THE SOCIETY

Zingiber officinale (ginger) has been shown to be a rich source of antioxidants. Previous studies have shown that cryptorchidism causes oxidative stress. However, the possible effect of ginger in ameliorating cryptorchidism-induced oxidative stress in rat has not been investigated. The present study therefore looked into the effect of ethanol extract of ginger (EEG) on the oxidative stress in experimentally induced cryptorchidism in the rat. Twenty four (24) male Sprague-Dawley rats, weighing 170g-210g were divided into three (3) groups (A-C), of eight (8) rats each. Group A was sham-operated and treated with vehicle, Groups B and C were rendered cryptorchid treated with vehicle and EEG respectively. Cryptorchid rats had significantly lower testicular weight, sperm count, sperm motility, lower percentage sperms with normal morphology, superoxide dismutase (SOD),..     

Pyruvate accumulation may contribute to acceleration-induced impairment of physical and cognitive abilities: an experimental study

Background: Fatigue can be induced after acceleration exposure, however its mechanism is still unclear. The aim of the present study was to examine whether metabolites’ changes can decrease cognitive and physical function after acceleration. Methods: Graybiel scale and Fatigue Self-rating scale were used to assess the seasickness and fatigue degrees of 87 male seafarers respectively after sailing. To test the effect of pyruvate on cognitive and physical functions, five different doses of pyruvate were administrated into rats. Insulin can reduce the accumulation of pyruvate. To observe the insulin effect on pyruvate, cognitive and physical functions after acceleration, insulin administration or treatment of promoting insulin secretion was used. Physical and cognitive functions were assessed using open field test (OFT), morris water maze (MWM) and loaded swimming test (LST) in animals. Results: Physical and cognitive abilities were decreased obviously, and serum pyruvate increased mostly in human and rats after acceleration. Compared with vehicle group, physical and cognitive abilities were significantly decreased after pyruvate administration. Besides, we found a significant decline in adenosine triphosphate (ATP) concentration and pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) activity in the hippocampus, prefrontal cortex, liver, and muscle of rats treated with acceleration or pyruvate injection, while insulin administration or treatment of promoting insulin secretion markedly alleviated this decline and the impairment of physical and cognitive abilities, compared with the control group. Conclusion: Our results indicate that pyruvate has a negative effect on physical and cognitive abilities after acceleration. Insulin can inhibit pyruvate accumulation and cognitive and physical function after acceleration exposure.     

Biochemical effects of Citrullus colocynthis in normal and diabetic rats

Diabetes mellitus is one of the most common endocrine diseases. In UAE many traditional plants such as the Citrullus colocynthis (Handal) are used as antidiabetic remedies. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of the aqueous extract of the seed of C. colocynthis on the biochemical parameters of normal and streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Diabetes mellitus was induced by a single intraperitoneal (60 mg/kg body wt¹) injection of STZ. Normal and diabetic rats were fed with the plant extract daily by oral intubation for 2 weeks. Blood sample were collected at the beginning and end of the experiment for the measurement of biochemical parameters. The plasma level of alanine aminotranferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) increased significantly after the onset of diabetes. Oral administration of the plant extract reduced the plasma level of AST and LDH significantly. However, the plant extract failed to reduce the increased blood level of GGT and ALP in diabetic rats. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) increased significantly after the onset of diabetes. No significant difference was observed in the blood creatinine, K⁺, Na⁺, Ca²⁺ and P levels of normal and diabetic rats. The plant extract did not have any effect on BUN level, however, it caused an increase in the level of K⁺, Na⁺ in diabetic rats. In conclusion, oral administration of the aqueous extract of the C. colocynthis can ameliorate some of the toxic effects of streptozotocin. (Mol Cell Biochem 261: 143–149, 2004)     

延髓腹外侧一氧化氮介导电针内关对急性心肌缺血大鼠心功能的作用

实验在以乌拉坦和氯醛糖混合麻醉的雄性SD大鼠上进行。结扎左冠状动脉前降支以建立急性心肌缺血(AMI)动物模型。病理学检查显示该模型具有典型的心肌缺血改变。功能学改变包括心率(HR)减慢、平均动脉压(MAP)降低,以及心功能减弱,如左室舒张末压(LVEDP)增大,左室收缩压(LVSP)、左室压变化最大速率(±dp/dt)、左室收缩成分缩短速度(VCE)、心力环总面积(L0)等均明显减小。电针AMI大鼠的内关穴位20 min,可使其HR、MAP、LVEDP、LVSP、±dp/dt、VCE和L0等均明显改善。若电针前于延髓头端腹外侧区(RVLM)微量注射一氧化氮合酶(NOS)抑制剂L-NNA(0.1 mmol/L,0.1 μl),除HR和MAP外,电针改善AMI心功能的其余各项指标均减弱或被取消,而以等量的生理盐水取代L-NNA被注入RVLM时,则不能影响EA对AMI各项心功能指标的改善作用。以上结果提示电针内关改善AMI的作用由RVLM的一氧化氮(NO)所介导。     

Modulatory effect of fenugreek saponins on the activities of intestinal and hepatic disaccharidase and glycogen and liver function of diabetic rats

Diabetes mellitus is a serious health concern throughout the world and is often associated with a variety of bodily disorders such as liver toxicity and dysfunction. This study elucidates the effect of fenugreek saponin administration on disaccharidase and glycogen activities in the intestine and liver of surviving diabetic rats. It also evaluates the effect of saponin feeding using a number of liver toxicity indices, namely stress oxidant, liver dysfunction markers and metabolism. Our findings indicate that the fenugreek saponin fraction significantly modulated the disaccharidase and glycogen enzyme activities in the intestine and liver of rats, increased the hepatic glycogen content, suppressed the increase of blood glucose level and improved results in the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). The fenugreek saponin extract also efficiently protected the hepatic function, which was evidenced by the significant increases of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), gluthation peroxidase (GPX), aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT) and lactate deshydrogenase (LDH) enzyme activities. Fenugreek saponin also induced a notable delay in the absorption of LDL-cholesterol and triglycerides and a remarkable increase in levels of HDL-cholesterol. A histological analysis of the hepatic tissues further established the positive effect of fenugreek saponin. Overall, the findings of the current study indicate that fenugreek saponins exhibit attractive properties and can be considered as promising candidates for future application as therapeutic agents in biotechnological and bioprocess-based technologies, particularly those related to the development of anti-diabetic, hepatoprotective and hypolipidemic drugs.     

The major albumin proteins from pea (Pisum sativum L). Purification and some properties.

A scheme is described for the fractionation of pea (Pisum sativum) albumin proteins. By using this scheme, two closely related major albumin proteins have been isolated and purified to homogeneity. The larger protein, designated PMA-L, has Mr approximately 53 000 and consists of two 25 000-Mr subunits, whereas the smaller, PMA-S, has Mr approximately 48 000 and contains two 24 000-Mr subunits. There was no evidence of mixed dimers of the two subunit sizes, despite their close homology as judged by immunological crossreaction, amino acid composition, N-terminal amino acids, tryptic-peptide mapping and CNBr-cleavage products. Both proteins contained significant amounts of sulphur amino acids. The proteins were shown to be located in the soluble cytosol fraction of cotyledon cells and are not significantly degraded on seed germination. Preliminary screening indicates the presence of homologous major albumin proteins in at least three different, though closely related, legume species.