基于岗位需求的“食品微生物学”综合性实验项目设计与教学效果分析

"食品微生物学"是高等院校食品科学与工程、食品质量与安全及其相关专业的一门必修专业基础课,该课程实验技术是食品类专业学生必须掌握的基本技能,而传统的实验教学存在着与就业岗位需求脱节、学生参与度低等诸多问题,难以培养学生独立完成岗位工作的能力。为了培养学生的综合实践能力,适应就业岗位需求,保证该课程的实践教学质量,课题组通过调研30余家就业单位微生物岗位实际,将课程原有实验教学内容整合为两大综合性实验项目,涵盖了食品微生物学全部基本实验技能。实践表明,两大综合性实验项目的开展可有效提高食品微生物学实验教学效果,使学生全面获得食品微生物学的基本实验技能,有助于提高学生的综合能力,实现学生与就业岗位的无缝对接。     

高等农业院校微生物学实验课程教学改革探讨

微生物学实验技术的夯实和拓展是巩固和完善理论教学的重要保障,在引导高等农业院校学生认识和应用微生物过程中具有不可替代的作用。结合微生物学实验课程特点,针对微生物学实验教学采取了一系列改革措施,包括课程准备、学生分组管理、实验教学内容设计与考核方式等环节,以期探索提高实验教学效果的可行途径。结果表明,有效管理实验教学环节,侧重实验考核与创新报告的实施,可在巩固学生微生物学基础知识的同时,锻炼学生对知识点归纳、整理和总结的能力,并促进学生创新思维等综合素质的提高。学生课程参与度明显提高,学习效果良好。     

微生物学创新实验教学体系的构建与实践

培养学生的创新能力与实践能力是现代大学教育的共同教育理念。根据多年来微生物学实验教学的改革与实践,对实验内容进行了精心的调整、完善和更新,按"基本技能训练、综合能力培养、研究素质及创新意识培育"的基本宗旨,构建了从"综合实验—探究性自选实验—项目申报"的微生物创新实验教学体系,使实验教学遵循基础性、综合性、研究性、开放性的基本原则,有效提高学生的微生物学实验技能。     

改革课程教学体系 加强实践和创新能力培养——水处理微生物学课程教学的改革探索

水处理微生物学是给水排水工程专业的一门重要的专业基础课。该课程的主要培养目标是学习和掌握微生物学基础知识和基本实验技能, 以及微生物在水处理领域的应用, 激发学生的学习兴趣, 培养学生独立思考和分析解决问题的能力, 发展学生的创新性思维和工程实践能力。根据自身的教学体会, 结合给水排水工程专业的学科特点和专业需要, 对水处理微生物学教学内容、教学方法和手段以及实验教学进行改革, 并取得良好效果。     

高职院校微生物实验改革探索

微生物实验课程是一门基础的专业实验课程。针对高职院校微生物学实验教学中存在的问题,通过对学生能动性的提高、教学内容的完善、实验操作技能的提升、考核方式的改革以及综合性实验的开设等方面的探讨,深化微生物学实验教学改革。     

医学微生物学实验技术教学体系的建设与实践

《医学微生物学及实验技术》是医学实验技术专业的一门重要专业主干课程,该课程的实验技术部分是学生必须掌握的基本技能。经过数年的教学实践,本着培养应用型人才的目标和重实践教学的教学理念,引入企业实践教学,逐步形成了"医学微生物学实验技术"教学体系,由基础性实验、综合性实验、企业实践三部分组成,并初步建立和实施了形成性考核评价体系。教学实践表明,学生较为全面地掌握了医学微生物学实验技术,对全面提高学生的实验实践能力和综合素质有所助益,有效提高了医学微生物学实验技术教学效果。     

基于应用能力培养的微生物学教学内容优化

微生物学作为生物学科的重要组成部分,是诸多专业的专业基础课程,在不同层次、不同类型、不同专业的高校,其教学基本遵循相同或相似的注重课程理论体系的经典教学模式,该模式不利于普通地方院校本科生应用能力的培养。为此,笔者根据微生物学科研项目思路的构建程序和微生物学实际应用的关键操作技术,以实验项目选择和实验项目顺序调整为突破口,优化微生物学理论和实验教学内容,使两者相辅相成融为一体,以充分发挥专业基础课程在培养学生应用能力方面的作用。     

微生物专业研究生实验课设计思路与特色

实验教学是研究生培养的重要环节,通过介绍中国农业大学微生物学专业研究生实验课程"现代微生物研究技术"的设计思路与特色,就教学团队的组建、实验内容的设置、课程的实施和教材的编写等方面的经验进行了总结。     

综合实验“产纤维素酶的嗜盐放线菌筛选”的教学改革与实践

微生物学实验技术是现代生物技术的重要组成部分。以综合性实验"产纤维素酶的嗜盐放线菌筛选"的教学改革与实践为例,提高南疆少数民族生物技术专业学生的综合素质。在喀什大学现有生物实验教学条件下,通过开展"产纤维素酶的嗜盐放线菌筛选"的综合性实验,进行微生物学实验课教学模式改革。在"土壤微生物分离"验证性实验的基础上,增加"嗜盐放线菌筛选和产纤维素特性"的实验教学内容;运用多媒体课件、增加实验理论课和全程采用"启发式"教学的实验教学方法。问卷调查显示,学生在学习兴趣、学习主动性、实验技能、小组合作、探究精神和实验设计方面都有了明显进步;学生对实验教学改革的评价良好。实践证明,改革效果良好,对培养具备适应南疆社会发展的实践能力的复合型高级专门人才有积极显著的作用。     

创建多层次微生物学实验教学体系培养科研创新型人才

"微生物学"课程是高等教育生命科学教学中一门重要的基础课程。微生物学实验作为独立于微生物学理论课的基础实验课,对学生基本实验技能的培养和综合素质的提高,培养学生探索精神、创新意识和创新能力方面起着至关重要的作用。南开大学微生物学教学实验室依托"微生物学"国家重点学科、"教育部分子微生物学重点实验室"和"国家级生物实验教学示范中心",建立了多级别分层次的微生物学实验教学体系;确立了由基础性实验、综合性实验、创新性实验相结合的实验内容;同时充分利用本校教学科研资源优势,为学生搭建了多级别的科研创新训练实践平台,着重培养学生的科研素质、创新意识和创新能力,在微生物学科研创新型人才的培养中发挥了重要的作用。     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Enterovirus 71 3C proteolytically processes the histone H3 N-terminal tail during infection

Highlights
1. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 is specifically cleaved during EV71 infection.
2. Viral protease 3C is identified as a protease responsible for proteolytically processing the N-terminal H3 tail.
3. Our finding reveals a new epigenetic regulatory mechanism for Enterovirus 71 in virus-host interactions.     

Detection of EBV and HHV6 in the Brain Tissue of Patients with Rasmussen’s Encephalitis

Rasmussen’s encephalitis (RE) is a rare pediatric neurological disorder, and the exact etiology is not clear. Viral infection may be involved in the pathogenesis of RE, but conflicting results have reported. In this study, we evaluated the expression of both Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human herpes virus (HHV) 6 antigens in brain sections from 30 patients with RE and 16 control individuals by immunohistochemistry. In the RE group, EBV and HHV6 antigens were detected in 56.7% (17/30) and 50% (15/30) of individuals, respectively. In contrast, no detectable EBV and HHV6 antigen expression was found in brain tissues of the control group. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in 20.0% (6/30) of individuals. In particular, a 4-year-old boy had a typical clinical course, including a medical history of viral encephalitis, intractable epilepsy, and hemispheric atrophy. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in neurons and astrocytes in the brain tissue, accompanied by a high frequency of CD8⁺ T cells. Our results suggest that EBV and HHV6 infection and the activation of CD8⁺ T cells are involved in the pathogenesis of RE.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.