氮离子注入对蒙古黄芪多倍体诱导的影响

利用二倍体蒙古黄芪种子为材料,以低能氮离子束为诱变源,将化学诱导与物理诱变相结合,探索出一套高效的多倍体诱导新方法。研究结果表明：氮离子注入种子后表现出明显的生物学效应;氮离子注入与秋水仙素联合诱导黄芪多倍体的效果很明显。氮离子注入剂量为2.6×10¹⁶ N⁺/cm²,秋水仙素浓度为100 mg·L^-1,培养5 d诱导率最高为44.4%;氮离子注入剂量为5.2×10¹⁶ N⁺/cm², 秋水仙素浓度为150 mg·L^-1,培养10d的诱导率最高为46.2%;二者均高于对照组秋水仙素浓度为100 mg·L^-1培养15 d的最高诱导率13.9%。利用细胞染色体计数鉴定多倍体为四倍体。     

低能N+离子束注入对不同染色体组倍性水稻幼苗期生理特性的影响

以2份水稻二倍体及其相应的同源四倍体为试验材料,采用3种不同剂量的低能N+离子束对其种胚进行注入处理,对其出芽率、成苗率以及幼苗期5种主要生理指标:超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、丙二醛(MDA)和可溶性糖进行初步测定。结果表明:随着辐射剂量的增加,试验材料的出芽率和成苗率均呈下降趋势,在最高剂量处理条件下(5.0×1017N+/cm2)试验材料的出芽率、成苗率与对照相比差异达极显著水平(P<0.01)。二倍体材料幼苗SOD、POD、CAT的活性均呈先上升后下降的趋势,并在3.0×1017N+/cm2的剂量下达到最高,而四倍体材料幼苗SOD、POD、CAT的活性则呈先上升后下降再上升的趋势,并在1.0×1017N+/cm2的剂量下达到最高。二倍体材料幼苗MDA含量的变化呈先下降再上升的趋势;四倍体材料幼苗MDA含量的变化呈先下降后上升再下降的趋势。两种染色体组倍性水稻材料中可溶性糖含量在各处理组间差异不是特别显著,但均低于空白对照组。由此可见,不同剂量的低能N+离子束会对试验材料的出芽率、成苗率以及幼苗期的主要生理特性产生显著的影响,且不同染色体组倍性材料间也存在一定的差异。     

N+离子注入对干旱胁迫条件下甘草幼苗的SOD酶和CAT酶活性及丙二醛含量的影响

以低能氮离子束为诱变源,对甘草种进行注入处理后,以萌发的幼苗为材料对其在干旱胁迫条件下保护酶活性及MDA含量变化进行研究.结果表明注入后甘草种的存活率呈现马鞍形曲线变化,其中在4.1×1016N+/cm2剂量处达到鞍点,在剂量4.6×1016N+/cm2处存活率高于对照.在干旱胁迫下,随着胁迫时间的延长,离子束注入后萌发的幼苗MDA含量明显低于对照.酶活结果显示,在干旱胁迫后期,剂量4.6×1016N+/cm2处理后的甘草幼苗SOD和CAT酶活性都高于对照,说明该注入剂量处理甘草种有助于提高甘草幼苗的抗旱性能,SOD同工酶结果也证明该剂量的离子注入对干旱胁迫下同工酶谱带有所影响.     

大花蕙兰四倍体的离体诱导和鉴定

采用组织培养方法研究了秋水仙素处理对大花蕙兰类原球茎增殖、分化和四倍体诱导的效应.结果表明,秋水仙素处理明显抑制类原球茎的增殖和分化,提高类原球茎褐变率和死亡率;在试验浓度和时间范围内,秋水仙素浓度越高,处理时间越长,抑制作用越强,解除抑制作用所需的继代次数越多.所有秋水仙素处理均能诱导出四倍体,但不同处理的四倍体诱导率不同,当处理浓度为0.05%、时间为5 d时,四倍体诱导率最高,为23.7%.二倍体及其四倍体的气孔保卫细胞长度和气孔密度均存在极显著的差异.四倍体植株比二倍体矮,茎部较粗壮,株型紧凑,叶片颜色浓绿、质地变硬.秋水仙素处理和组织培养相结合是创建大花蕙兰多倍体的有效方法.     

氮离子束注入姬松茸担孢子的生物学效应研究

氮离子束注入与紫外线辐射对姬松茸担孢子萌发的影响显著不同,表现出一定程度的马鞍型效应.不同剂量的氮离子束注入姬松茸担孢子,其产生的生物学效应不同:氮离子注入束流为200×2.6×1013N /cm2,筛选到一株箱栽生物学效率提高47.0%的姬松茸新菌株AbML11;氮离子注入束流为400×2.6×1013N /cm2,筛选到一株子实体呈现白色突变的姬松茸新菌株AbML7;氮离子注入束流为500×2.6×10"N13/cm2,筛选到一株具有AEC抗性突变的姬松茸新菌株AbML2.     

低能离子注入对小麦种子发芽及幼苗生理生化的影响

采用能量为25keV的N 不同剂量(2×1016 N /cm2、4×1016 N /cm2、6×1016 N /cm2、8×1016 N /cm2、12×1016 N /cm2)注入新疆小麦种子,研究了N 离子束注入新疆春小麦种子后对小麦种子的发芽率、幼苗体内的丙二醛(MDA)、可溶性蛋白、可溶性糖、叶绿素、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)的影响。实验结果表明:以2×1016 N /cm2 剂量处理小麦较合适,可提高小麦种子的活力,促进种子萌发和幼苗生长。2×1016 N /cm2、4×1016 N /cm2 剂量处理对新春2号、新春11号幼苗生长有利,在这两种剂量处理下新春2号三种保护酶较新春11号敏感。     

N^+注入对蒙古黄芪多倍体生化指标的影响北大核心CSCD

为了研究N+注入对蒙古黄芪多倍体生化指标的影响,采用培养基中添加秋水仙素的方法诱导多倍体,测定不同剂量N+注入的情况下,不同诱导时间内分化出的不定芽及二倍体和四倍体植株叶片的生化指标变化情况。结果表明:未注入组丙二醛(malonaldehyde,MDA)的含量,以及过氧化物酶(peroxidase,POD)、过氧化氢酶(catalase,CAT)和超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)的活性,随诱导时间的延长而增高,蛋白质含量随诱导时间的延长而降低,蛋白质含量与MDA含量呈负相关;注入组的生化指标在诱导时间内都有一定的波动,但总体趋势与未注入组一致;四倍体与二倍体相比较,四倍体的MDA含量及POD、CAT和SOD的活性都高于二倍体,而蛋白质含量却低于二倍体。说明离子束注入能使种子产生大量自由基,自由基的增加可导致MDA的产生,从而破坏蛋白质的合成,同时,N+注入又可诱发新的修复机制;四倍体植株受伤害程度更大,但四倍体植株的自我保护能力高于二倍体植株,即四倍体植株的抗逆性较二倍体增强。     

离子束轰击对芦荟细胞壁结构的损伤效应

利用扫描电镜、透射电镜方法,观察氮离子束注入对芦荟细胞壁结构的影响。扫描电镜观察结果显示,在离子注入剂量达1×1016N+/cm2时,叶片表面发现了离子束刻蚀的小洞。透射电镜半薄切片观察也发现离子束轰击后,芦荟叶片表皮的横切面都有不同程度被打烂的情况,初步认为是离子束轰击引起的刻蚀效应,这与扫描电镜的观察结果相一致。研究结果可为离子束介导转基因技术的研究提供参考。     

低能氩离子注入对甜瓜幼苗抗氧化系统的影响

就低能氩离子注入对甜瓜幼苗抗氧化系统的影响进行研究,使用不同剂量的离子注入甜瓜种子,结果表明,不同剂量离子注入后伽师瓜、皇后品种的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)分别在5×1016Ar /cm2、4×1016Ar /cm2剂量时酶活性最大,之后下降。抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(ASP)的活性的变化趋势与超氧化物歧化酶相似,分别在6×1016Ar /cm2、4×1016Ar /cm2剂量时酶活性最大。抗坏血酸和类黄酮的含量都有不同程度的上升,说明离子注入能诱导甜瓜幼苗抗氧化系统的生物合成。     

氮离子束注入对燕麦M1-M2代幼苗耐盐性的影响

采用能量为25keV的不同剂量(4×1016N /cm2、6×1016N /cm2、8×1016N /cm2、12×1016N /cm2)N 注入燕麦种胚,研究N 离子束注入后,盐胁迫对燕麦M1和M2代幼苗体内超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性,脯氨酸含量、丙二醛(MDA)含量、可溶性糖及可溶性蛋白含量的影响。实验结果表明:对M1代,以6×1016N /cm2剂量处理燕麦较合适,能提高燕麦受盐胁迫影响后幼苗SOD活性和可溶性糖含量。而对M2代,4×1016N /cm2处理剂量能降低MDA含量,提高可溶性糖含量,这都有利于盐胁迫后燕麦幼苗的生长。     

六种藓类植物茎的比较解剖学研究

通过对6种藓类植物,即褶叶青藓(Brachythecium salebrosum(Web.et Mohr.)B.S.G.)、湿地匐灯藓(Plagiomnium acutum(Lindb.)Kop.)、侧枝匐灯藓(Plagiomnium maximoviczii(Lindb.)Kop.)、大凤尾藓(Fissidensnobilis Griff.)、大羽藓(Thuidium cymbifolium(Doz.et Molk.)B.S.G.)和大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme Wils.)嫩茎和老茎的石蜡切片和显微观察发现,同一藓类植株的嫩茎和老茎,茎结构稳定,不同种藓类植物茎横切面具有不同特征.植物体茎横切面形状、表层细胞的层数、细胞大小和细胞壁厚薄、皮层细胞大小和形状、中轴的有无以及比例等特征可以作为藓类植物的分科分类依据之一.     

Photoregulation of seed germination of wild-type and of an aurea-mutant of tomato

Seed germination of an aurea mutant of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is promoted by continuous irradiation with red, far-red or long-wavelength far-red (758 nm) light as well as by cyclic irradiations (5 min red or 5 min far-red/25 min darkness). Far-red light applied immediately after each red does not change the germination behaviour. Seed germination of the isogenic wild-type, cv. UC-105, is promoted by continuous and cyclic red light while it is inhibited by continuous and cyclic far-red light and by continious 758 nm irradiation. Far-red irradiation reverses almost completely the promoting effect of red light. The promoting effect (in the aurea mutant) and the inhibitory effect (in the wild-type) of continuous far-red light do not show photon fluence rate dependency above 20 nmol m⁻² s⁻¹. It is concluded that phytochrome controls tomato seed germination throgh low energy responses in both the wild type and the au mutant. The promoting effect of continuous and cyclic far-red light in the au mutant can be attributed to a greater sensitivity to P_fr.     

真菌类遗传学分析的知识结构教学

本文以认知结构理论为指导,讨论了真菌类遗传分析与高等动植物遗传分析的内在联系,认为利用这种内在联系进行教学可收到好的效果并说明了作者的具体教学过程。 Abstract:In the paper, the relationship between genetic analysis of Fungi and genetic analysis of high animal and plant was discussed.A good results were obtained when we adopted this method in the teaching.     

Cause of Senescence of Nine Sorts of Flowers

The levels of endogenous phytohormones and respiratory rate in nine sorts of flowers such as Cymbidium faberi Rolfe, Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth and others were investigated both at full bloom and senescence and meanwhile the effect of exogenous phytohormones on prolonging the blossoms and promoting ethylene production were tested. There is a high content of endogenous ethylene in all the long-lived flowere, about 3–16 folds higer than the short-lived ones. There is a high level of ABA at full blooming flowers of short-lived flowers, in which there is no or only some cytokinins in it, but the ratio of CTK (6BA+zeatin)/ABA is smaller(l.7). The endogenous ABA reached a much higher level at senescence in all nine sorts of flowers, so it is reasonable to consider that it is ABA which plays an important role of regulation in controlling flower's senescence. There is a much higher level of GA3 and zeatin in the long-lived flowers which is not demonstrated in the shortlived ones. The respiratory rate is one of the factors controtling the longevity of flowers, but it does not play a decided role. Application of 6BA and zeatin prolongs distinctly orchid’s longevity, however exogenous IAA through the promotive action on ethylene production, evidently extends the longevity of the flowers of the Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth.     

龙胆科药用植物化学成分的研究现状

龙胆科植物在我国的分布范围很广,且多数为药用植物,其多数种属的药用植物,至今其化学成分尚未被系统研究。综述了目前龙胆科药用植物的化学成分的研究现状及一般提取方法,对近年来发现的环烯醚萜及裂环烯醚萜类化合物进行了总结,为本科药用植物的更深入研究提供了参考。     

Interconnection of parameters of regulation system of lipid peroxidation and of morphophysiological parameters of mouse liver

A complex analysis of seasonal fluctuations of the mean group parameters of the system of regulation of lipid peroxidation has been performed in liver of Balb/c mice. Association of lipid characteristics and morphophysiological parameters is studied in the Balb/c mouse liver. An inter-connection is revealed between the liver index and the amount of lysoforms of phospholipids, the scale and character of the interconnection differing essentially depending on proportion of phos-phatidylcholine in mouse liver phospholipids.     

Time of detection of recessive genes: effects of system of mating and number of examined individuals

Summary Anthers were cultured from two sets of seven lines of hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) with different cytoplasms, the euplasmic nucleus donors, Siete Cerros 66 and Penjamo 62, as well as their six alloplasmic lines derived from wild relative species of the genera Triticum and Aegilops. Significant cytoplasmic and nuclear effects but no cytoplasmic-nuclear interaction were found for embryogenic anther response, with the best performance of Penjamo 62 in Ae. kotschyi cytoplasm. Plant regeneration was not affected significantly by the cytoplasmic background of the lines cultured. The possible genetic implications of the observed cytoplasmic and nuclear influences on the in vitro haploid induction of wheat are discussed.