水稻几丁质酶基因在大肠杆菌中的表达、纯化与活性分析

将克隆并确定序列的水稻(Oryza sativa L．Cpslo17)几丁质酶基因Oschi的cDNA序列(此序列已在GenBank中注册, 登录号为EU045451)插入原核表达载体pGEX-4T-1中。经酶切、序列鉴定分析后, 用该重组质粒转化大肠杆菌BL21(DE3); 经IPTG诱导获得表达, 并对Oschi蛋白表达条件进行了优化; 在大肠杆菌中表达的几丁质酶经纯化后在一定的浓度、一定的反应时间内能高效地分解几丁质。     

家蝇几丁质酶基因MDcht2的原核表达及其表达产物的酶学性质分析

几丁质酶是昆虫几丁质降解过程中的重要酶类.本研究旨在利用大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli)原核表达系统获得高纯度的MDCht2重组蛋白,并从几丁质酶活性及抗菌活性两方面来初步探讨MDCht2的生物学功能.MDCht2的cDNA序列设计包含酶切位点EcoRⅠ、Hind Ⅲ和6xHis标签的引物,以家蝇3龄幼虫的cDNA为模板进行PCR扩增,以pET28a(+)为载体构建重组质粒,并转化到大肠杆菌Transetta(DE3)中,经IPTG诱导,表达产物用SDS-PAGE凝胶电泳鉴定,利用Ni离子亲和层析技术纯化MDCht2重组蛋白,Western Blot技术及质谱分析鉴定纯化蛋白.以4MU-(GlcNAc)3为底物,测定重组蛋白的酶活性;采用微量液体稀释法分析重组蛋白对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌、白假丝酵母菌的抗菌活性.成功克隆MDCht2基因,构建了具有正确序列的原核重组表达质粒,将重组质粒导入Transetta(DE3)中,经镍柱纯化获得带His标签的重组MDCht2蛋白,质谱分析显示重组蛋白与MDCht2蛋白序列一致.酶活分析表明,不同浓度的MD-Cht2重组酶均有几丁质酶活性,呈现一定的量效关系;该重组蛋白的最适pH值为4.0,在pH=8.0时稳定性最好;最适温度为35℃;金属离子和Tris对MDCht2酶活均有抑制作用.抗菌活性结果显示,MDCht2蛋白对金黄色葡萄球菌,大肠杆菌均无抑菌效果,但对白假丝酵母菌有抑制作用,MIC值为225 μg/mL,MBC(Minimum bactericidal concentration)值为450 μg/mL.本研究成功获得了 MDCht 2重组蛋白,体外检测有较强的几丁质酶活性和抗真菌活性,为进一步研究该酶的功能奠定一定基础.     

棉铃虫单核衣壳核多角体病毒几丁质酶基因的克隆与表达

根据棉铃虫单核衣壳核多角体病毒 (HaSNPV)几丁质酶基因的序列 ,设计引物 ,引入适当的酶切位点 ,利用PCR扩增出不含N末端信号肽以及C末端内质网定位肽的几丁质酶基因片段。将该基因片断克隆至原核表达载体 pProEXHTb ,经IPTG诱导 ,在大肠杆菌DH5α中获得了高效表达 ,表达产物的大小为 6 0kD ,含量占菌体总蛋白量的 4 0 %。利用来源于AcMNPV几丁质酶的抗体对表达蛋白进行检测 ,获得特异性的显色信号 ,证实所获原核表达产物与杆状病毒的几丁质酶具有同源性     

棉铃虫单核衣壳核多角体病毒几丁质酶基因的克隆与表达

根据棉铃虫单核衣壳核多角体病毒(HaSNPV)几丁质酶基因的序列,设计引物,引入适当的酶切位点,利用PCR扩增出不含N末端信号肽以及C末端内质网定位肽的几丁质酶基因片段.将该基因片断克隆至原核表达载体pProEXHTb,经IPTG诱导,在大肠杆菌DH5α中获得了高效表达,表达产物的大小为60kD,含量占菌体总蛋白量的40%.利用来源于AcMNPV 几丁质酶的抗体对表达蛋白进行检测,获得特异性的显色信号,证实所获原核表达产物与杆状病毒的几丁质酶具有同源性.     

烟草天蛾几丁质酶的表达、纯化及多克隆抗体制备

将烟草天蛾Manduca sexta几丁质酶基因克隆入融合表达载体pET-28a,并在大肠杆菌E.coli BL21(DE3)中进行诱导表达。表达菌株经0.5 mmol/L IPTG诱导6～8 h后,几丁质酶表达并形成包涵体。在Ni²⁺-NTA亲和柱上经变、复性和纯化,得到可溶的几丁质酶。表达产物经Western 印迹鉴定。采用切胶回收的方法切割回收包涵体,并将回收产物免疫新西兰大白兔,ELISA检测抗体效价达1∶20 000。Western 印迹检测证明抗体特异性良好。     

棉铃虫Ⅰ型几丁质酶的表达

昆虫几丁质酶主要参与昆虫蜕皮、围食膜降解、细胞增殖、机体免疫防御、生长因子等重要生理生长发育过程。在本研究中,从NCBI下载棉铃虫几丁质酶序列,并克隆验证正确,构建的系统发育树表明属于Ⅰ型几丁质酶。将不包含信号肽的开放阅读框序列(1 707 bp)与pET28a载体连接,转化至大肠杆菌transetta(DE3)中进行诱导表达,Western blot进一步验证融合蛋白His-HaCHT。用镍柱子纯化融合蛋白,纯化获得的融合蛋白对胶体几丁质有降解活性,其酶活力为0.023μg/mL·s~(-1)。不同龄期的qPCR结果显示,该基因在棉铃幼虫的6个幼虫期以及预蛹蜕皮后均有表达,但HaCHTI在4龄和6龄幼虫阶段表达相对较高,而在1龄、2龄、3龄、5龄幼虫和预蛹表达量较低。这些结果表明,异源表达的棉铃虫的I型几丁质酶对胶体几丁质具有降解活性,可能对棉铃虫正常蜕皮有着重要的作用。     

烟夜蛾几丁质酶基因的克隆与表达

运用RT-PCR技术扩增编码烟夜蛾Helicoverpaassulta(Guen啨e)幼虫几丁质酶基因的cDNA片段,将其克隆至pMD18-T载体,获得该基因的成熟蛋白阅读框序列。将该基因重组到表达型质粒pGEX-4T-2中,并转化入原核细胞中表达,序列测定结果表明,烟夜蛾幼虫几丁质酶基因的成熟蛋白阅读框全长1338bp,编码445个氨基酸残基,预测分子量和等电点分别为50.1kDa和9.26;推导的氨基酸序列与其近缘种棉铃虫几丁质酶氨基酸序列的一致性达99%,与其他6种昆虫几丁质酶的氨基酸序列也高度一致(65%~76%),并具有几丁质酶的典型特征。将该基因克隆到原核表达载体pGEX-4T-2上并转化BL21,SDS-PAGE和Western印迹分析表明,经IPTG诱导,76kDa附近没有特异蛋白条带出现,表明烟夜蛾几丁质酶基因不能在原核表达载体pGEX-4T-2中表达。     

棘孢木霉几丁质酶tachi2 基因的原核表达及酶学性质研究

目的:实现棘孢木霉(Trichoderma asperellum)几丁质酶基因tachi2的原核高效表达,研究几丁质酶Tachi2的酶学性质.方法:利用PCR技术扩增得到几丁质酶基因tachi2,将其克隆到原核表达载体pEHISTEV中,测序后,转化大肠杆菌BL21感受态细胞,经异丙基硫代-β-D-半乳糖苷(IPTG)诱导后进行Tachi2蛋白的纯化和复性.用纯化的目的蛋白Tachi2进行几丁质酶酶学性质的研究.结果:tachi2基因在重组大肠杆菌中正确表达,其主要以包涵体形式存在;重组蛋白Tachi2分子量约为44kDa,经过纯化和复性后得到的Tachi2有较高的几丁质酶活性.该酶的最适温度为40℃,最适pH值为7.0,几丁质酶在40℃以下比较稳定、pH 6～9时酶有较高活性,受Cu2和Zn2+的强烈抑制.结论:成功实现了棘孢木霉几丁质酶基因tachi2的原核高效表达,表达纯化了重组蛋白,明确了几丁质酶Tachi2的酶学性质,为该几丁质酶的进一步开发利用和深入研究奠定了基础.     

HaSNPV几丁质酶基因在大肠杆菌和昆虫细胞中的表达及其产物对Bt杀虫剂的增效作用

为了探索杆状病毒几丁质酶对微生物杀虫剂的增效作用及其利用途径 ,分别在大肠杆菌和昆虫细胞中表达棉铃虫单粒包埋型核型多角体病毒 (HaSNPV)几丁质酶 .用PCR方法扩增出不含N端信号肽编码序列的几丁质酶基因片段 ,并分别克隆至原核表达载体pET2 8a和重组到杆状病毒BactoBac表达系统 ,在大肠杆菌 (E .coli)BL2 1和粉纹夜蛾 (Trichoplusiani)细胞系Tn 5B1 4中分别进行了表达 .在大肠杆菌中表达量约占细菌总蛋白 15 % ,在昆虫细胞中表达量约占细胞总蛋白10 % .将含有几丁质酶的大肠杆菌和昆虫细胞表达产物添加到苏云金杆菌 (Bt)菌液中一起喂食 2龄家蚕 .结果显示 ,HaSNPV几丁质酶基因的 2种表达产物和Bt杀虫剂的混合物使处理的家蚕的致死时间较对照处理均明显缩短 .昆虫细胞和大肠杆菌表达产物与Bt混合物处理的LT50 分别从 93 5h和 95 1h缩短到 5 6 2h及 6 7 2h ,并且供试家蚕的生长速度明显缓慢 .研究结果表明 ,重组的HaSNPV几丁质酶有望作为Bt杀虫剂的增效剂     

两端融合表达几丁质结合结构域提高几丁质酶抗真菌活性

【目的】通过两端融合表达几丁质结合结构域来提高几丁质酶的活性和生物防治植物病原真菌能力。【方法】以苜蓿链霉菌(Streptomyces alfalae)ACCC40021中唯一的GH19家族几丁质酶为模板,构建两端融合表达几丁质结合结构域的几丁质酶,并进行原核表达;利用3,5-二硝基水杨酸法(DNS)测定几丁质酶活。【结果】成功构建了CatD_(ChiB) (催化结构域)、rChiB (含N-端几丁质结合结构域)、DChBD_(ChiB)(含两端几丁质结合结构域)三种形式的酶,并在大肠杆菌中得到了高效表达;与CatD_(ChiB)和rChiB相比,DChBD_(ChiB)显著地提高了对α-几丁质、胶体几丁质和黑曲霉几丁质的结合能力和活性;同时增强了其对病原真菌长枝木霉的抑制作用。【结论】两端融合表达几丁质结合结构域是简单有效的提高几丁质酶活性及抗真菌活性的策略。     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Entwicklungsgeschichte und Ultrastruktur von Pollenkitt und Exine bei nahe verwandten entomophilen und anemophilen Angiospermensippen derAlismataceae,Liliaceae, Juncaceae,Cyperaceae, Poaceae undAraceae

Some closely related members of the monocotyledonous familiesAlismataceae, Liliaceae, Juncaceae, Cyperaceae, Poaceae andAraceae with variable modes of pollination (insect- and wind-pollination) were studied in relation to the ultrastructure of pollenkitt and exine (amount, consistency and distribution of pollenkitt on the surface of pollen grains). The character syndromes of pollen cementing in entomophilous, anemophilous and intermediate (ambophilous or amphiphilous) monocotyledons are the same in principal as in dicotyledons. Comparing present with former results one can summarize: 1) The pollenkitt is always produced in the same manner by the anther tapetum in all angiosperm sub-classes. 2) The variable stickiness of entomophilous and anemophilous pollen always depends on the particular distribution and consistency of the pollenkitt, but not its amount on the pollen surface. 3) The mostly dry and powdery pollen of anemophilous plants always contains a variable amount of inactive pollenkitt in its exine cavities. 4) A step-by step change of the pollen cementing syndrome can be observed from entomophily towards anemophily. 5) From the omnipresence of pollenkitt in all wind-pollinated angiosperms studied one can conclude that the ancestors of anemophilous angiosperms probably have been zoophilous (i.e. entomophilous) throughout.

     

Identification and Characterization of the First Equine Parainfluenza Virus 5

正Dear Editor,Parainfluenza virus 5 (PIV5), known as canine parainfluenza virus in the veterinary field, is a negative-sense,nonsegmented, single-stranded RNA virus belonging to the Paramyxoviridae family (Chen 2018). The virus was first reported in primary monkey kidney cells in 1954 (Hsiung1972), then it has been frequently discovered in various     

Pathogenic Characterization and Full Length Genome Sequence of a Reassortant Infectious Bursal Disease Virus Newly Isolated in Pakistan

<正>Dear Editor,Infectious bursal disease (IBD) is one of the most important diseases of the poultry. The IBD virus (IBDV), a nonenveloped virus belonging to the Birnaviridae family with a genome consisting of two segments of double-stranded RNA (segments A and B), targets B lymphocytes of bursa of Fabricious leading to immunosuppression. In Pakistan,poultry farming is the second biggest industry and IBD is the second biggest disease threating the poultry sector.However, there is limited genome information of IBDV