磷酸－Tyr－Sepharose吸附法测定HL－60细胞中磷脂酰肌醇－3－激酶

 磷酸－Ｔｙｒ－Ｓｅｐｈａｒｏｓｅ吸附法测定ＨＬ－６０细胞中磷脂酰肌醇－３－激酶黄才,梁念慈（广东医学院医用生化研究所,湛江５２４０２３）磷脂酰肌醇－３－激酶（ＰＩ－３－Ｋ）催化磷脂酰肌醇（ＰＩ）和磷脂酰肌醇－４－磷酸（ＰＩ－４－Ｐ）的磷酸化分别生成磷...     

植物细胞的肌醇磷脂信息传递系统

本文就（1）肌醇磷脂信息传递系统在植物中的存在,（2）肌醇磷脂的代谢途径、特点,（3）肌醇磷脂信息传递系统在外界刺激与生理生化反应之间的联系作用三个方面的研究进展进行介绍,并讨论这一领域研究中存在的问题和遇到的困难。     

GM_3抑制人白血病J6－2细胞肌醇磷脂代谢循环

采用无载体￣（３２）Ｐ和［￣３Ｈ］肌醇标记磷脂,观察了促分化剂神经节苷脂ＧＭ＿３对人单核样白血病Ｊ６－２细胞肌醇磷脂代谢的影响,ＧＭ＿３抑制［￣（３２）Ｐ］Ｐｉ和［￣３Ｈ］肌醇掺入Ｊ６－２细胞磷脂酰肌醇（ＰＩ）,促进［￣（３２）Ｐ］Ｐｉ和［￣３Ｈ］肌醇掺入磷脂酰肌醇－４,５－二磷酸（ＰＩＰ＿２）,抑制［￣（３２）Ｐ］Ｐｉ掺入磷脂酸（ＰＡ）,抑制［￣３Ｈ］肌醇掺入三磷酸肌醇（ＩＰ＿３）．ＧＭ＿３的上述作用均为浓度依赖性的,随ＧＭ＿３浓度的提高而增强．上述结果表明,ＧＭ＿３抑制Ｊ６－２细胞的肌醇磷脂代谢循环．     

磷脂酰肌醇特异的磷脂酶C的研究进展

磷脂酰肌醇特异的磷脂酶Ｃ的研究进展吴兴中,陈惠黎（上海医科大学生化教研室,上海２０００３２）关键词磷脂酶Ｃ,细胞增殖,分化１,４,５－三磷酸肌醇在细胞的磷脂信息传导中起着第二信使作用,参与许多代谢过程。磷脂酰肌醇特异的磷脂酶Ｃ（ＰＩ－ＰＬＣ）是催化磷...     

肌醇磷脂信号组分调节花粉发育和花粉管生长的研究进展

肌醇磷脂信号系统以肌醇磷脂代谢循环为基础, 由多种磷酸磷脂酰肌醇分子和多磷酸肌醇分子及催化代谢的磷脂酶、激酶组成。该信号系统参与调节动、植物细胞生长发育及应答环境刺激等多种生理过程。花粉发育和花粉管的生长是植物有性生殖的基础, 肌醇磷脂信号系统中多种组分参与其生理过程的调节。该文综述了植物肌醇磷脂信号系统中各组分的相互关系, 以及相关组分调节花粉发育和花粉管生长生理过程的研究进展。     

PIP5KIC在自噬体形成过程中的重要作用

自噬（autophagy）是一种在真核生物中十分保守的溶酶体依赖性降解途径,它通过形成双层膜结构包裹胞内堆积的蛋白质和受损细胞器并将其运送到溶酶体中进行降解。在实验中发现,一型磷脂酰肌醇4-磷酸5-激酶C亚型（type I phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate 5-kinase isoform C,PIP5KIC）会参与到自噬过程中。在哺乳动物细胞中,敲低一型磷脂酰肌醇4-磷酸5-激酶C亚型会造成欧米茄体（omegasome）的形状异常,进而造成自噬水平的降低。同样,在酵母中敲掉其同源物磷脂酰肌醇5-激酶Mss4后也会导致类似的现象。因此,推测一型磷脂酰肌醇4-磷酸5-激酶C亚型在自噬体的生成中起着很重要的作用。     

Wortmannin对凝血酶诱导的人血小板聚集和磷脂酰肌醇三磷酸累积的影响

 Ｗ ｏｒｔｍ ａｎｎｉｎ 是肌醇磷脂 ３ 激酶的不可逆抑制剂．用比浊法分析血小板聚集;肌醇磷脂用３２ Ｐ 磷酸钠标记,用氯仿和甲醇抽提,用 Ｔ Ｌ Ｃ和放射自显影分析,研究了 Ｗ ｏｒｔｍ ａｎｎｉｎ 对凝血酶诱导的人血小板聚集和磷脂酰肌醇三磷酸（ Ｐ Ｉ Ｐ３）累积的影响．结果显示, Ｗ ｏｒｔｍ ａｎｎｉｎ 对凝血酶（５００ Ｕ／ Ｌ）诱导的人血小板聚集有抑制作用,这种抑制作用在一定范围内呈剂量依赖关系（２０～８０μｍ ｏｌ／ Ｌ）．凝血酶（５００ Ｕ／ Ｌ）诱导人血小板 Ｐ Ｉ Ｐ３ 的累积, Ｗ ｏｒｔｍ ａｎｎｉｎ 对此累积有抑制作用,这种抑制作用在一定范围内呈剂量依赖关系（４０～１６０ μｍ ｏｌ／ Ｌ）．结果提示： Ｗ ｏｒｔｍ ａｎｎｉｎ 可能是潜在的抗血小板药物,抑制凝血酶诱导的人血小板聚集主要与其抑制 Ｐ Ｉ Ｐ３ 的累积有关．结果也提示,肌醇磷脂 ３ 激酶在血小板活化中起重要作用．     

其它药剂

891680肌醇磷脂在神经信息传递中的作用仁中〕/李俊凤…了生物化学与生物物理进展。一1988,15(5)。一354tw358 本文概括了近年来肌醇磷脂的研究状况,介绍了肌醇磷脂的代谢及其代谢产物     

蛋白激酶C对酪氨酸蛋白激酶系统的调节

本文论述了蛋白激酶Ｃ（ＰＫＣ）对生长因子受体激活的Ｒａｓ／ＭＡＰＫ途径的多种调节,其中,有直接的也有间接的,有激活也有抑制。这些不同水平不同性质的调节使细胞对外来刺激作出相应的反应。由于ＰＫＣ和Ｃａ＾２＋是肌醇磷脂系统中十分重要的两个组分,本文所论述的也是目前所知的肌醇磷脂系统对酪氨酸蛋白激酶系统调节的主要过程。     

磷脂酰肌醇 -3 激酶不直接调控PC12 细胞的分泌

磷脂酰肌醇-3激酶(PI3K)是磷脂酰肌醇代谢过程中一种重要的酶,通过其代谢产物参与了对多种细胞生理活动的调节,如囊泡运输、细胞骨架重组、细胞存活、吞噬作用、细胞凋亡等.为研究其对细胞分泌功能的作用,使用磷脂酰肌醇-3激酶家族的特异性抑制剂渥曼青霉素(wortmannin)阻断磷脂酰肌醇-3激酶的活性,以EGFP-2xFYVE融合蛋白与磷脂酰肌醇-3-磷酸(PtdIns-3-P)的结合为指征,使用荧光显微成像技术检测渥曼青霉素对磷脂酰肌醇-3激酶的抑制作用,采用膜片钳膜电容测量方法及光解钙离子释放技术检测渥曼青霉素对PC12细胞分泌功能的影响.实验结果表明,wortmannin阻断了磷脂酰肌醇-3激酶的活性,抑制了磷脂酰肌醇-3-磷酸(PtdIns-3-P)的产生,并使FYVE与PtdIns-3-P解离,但渥曼青霉素处理之前和处理30 min后的PC12细胞分泌反应的幅度、动力学特性和分泌的钙依赖性均无显著差异,表明磷脂酰肌醇-3激酶对PC12细胞的分泌无显著的直接影响.     

重组人粒系集落刺激因子(rhG-CSF)对白血病细胞HL-60生长的影响

本文研究了rhG CSF对人白血病细胞系HL 6 0的作用。结果表明 :rhG CSF能够显著抑制HL 6 0细胞生长和C myc基因的表达 ,降低3H TdR的摄入。在含rhG CSF的培养液中经过 2～ 5天的培养 ,部分HL 6 0细胞具备NBT还原能力。这或许说明rhG CSF能导致HL 6 0细胞向成熟方向分化的结果。     

Notch signaling maintains proliferation and survival of the HL60 human promyelocytic leukemia cell line and promotes the phosphorylation of the Rb protein

The Notch signaling pathway has been implicated in the development of several leukemia and lymphoma. In order to investigate the relationship between Notch signaling and acute myeloid leukemia (AML), in this study, we expressed a recombinant Notch ligand protein, the DSL domain of the human Jagged1 fused with GST (GST-Jag1). GST-Jag1 could activate Notch signaling in the human promyelocytic leukemia cell line HL60, as shown by a reporter assay and the induced expression of Notch effector gene Hes1 and Hes5. However, GST-Jag1 had no effect on the proliferation and survival of HL60 cells. HL60 cells expressed both Notch ligands and receptors, and had a potential of reciprocal stimulation of Notch signaling between cells. We, therefore, blocked Notch signaling in cultured HL60 cells using a γ-secretase inhibitor (GSI). We found that GSI inhibited the proliferation of HL60 cells significantly by blocking the cell-cycle progression in the G1 phase. Furthermore, GSI induced remarkably apoptosis of HL60 cells. These changes in GSI-treated HL60 cells correlated with the down-regulation of c-Myc and Bcl2, and the low phosphorylation of the Rb protein. These results suggested that reciprocal Notch signaling might be necessary for the proliferation and survival of AML cells, possibly through the maintenance of the expression of c-Myc and Bcl2, as well as the phosphorylation of the Rb protein.     

锂和三尖杉酯碱对HL—60细胞增殖,分化和c—myc表达的影响

本研究利用细胞培养技术观察了氯化锂和三尖杉酯碱（ＨＴ）对ＨＬ－６０细胞增殖的影响,不同浓度的氯化锂对ＨＬ－６０细胞的集落形成和３Ｈ－ＴｄＲ参入均呈剂量依赖式抑制;三尖杉酯碱亦有类似的作用。在培养体系中加氯化锂和三尖杉酯碱时,对ＨＬ－６０细胞数及集落形成抑制作用与单用二者相比较有明显增加。用ＮＢＴ还原试验,氯化锂和三尖杉酯碱均促进ＨＬ－６０细胞的分化,小剂量氯化锂还能加强三尖杉酯碱对ＨＬ－６０细胞诱导分化作用。从氯化锂和三尖杉酯碱处理的ＨＬ－６０细胞中提取总ＲＮＡ,应用ＲＴ／ＰＣＲ检测ｃ－ｍｙｃ的表达,结果表明经氯化锂和三尖杉酯碱处理的ＨＬ－６０细胞ｃ－ｍｙｃ表达均降低,与未处理的ＨＬ－６０细胞ｃ－ｍｙｃ比较,说明氯化锂和三尖杉酯碱均能抑制ｃ－ｍｙｃ的表达,提示ｃ－ｍｙｃ很可能在白血病细胞增殖、分化中起调控作用。     

Relationship between the methylation status of dietary flavonoids and their growth-inhibitory and apoptosis-inducing activities in human cancer cells

Flavonoids are polyphenolic compounds widely distributed in the plant kingdom. Compelling research indicates that flavonoids have important roles in cancer chemoprevention and chemotherapy possibly due to biological activities that include action through anti-inflammation, free radical scavenging, modulation of survival/proliferation pathways, and inhibition of the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. Plant polyphenols including the green tea polyphenol (-)-epigallocatechin gallate or (-)-EGCG, and the flavonoids apigenin, luteolin, quercetin, and chrysin have been shown to inhibit proteasome activity and induce apoptosis in human leukemia cells. However, biotransformation reactions to the reactive hydroxyl groups on polyphenols could reduce their biological activities. Although methylated polyphenols have been suggested to be metabolically more stable than unmethylated polyphenols, the practical use of methylated polyphenols as cancer preventative agents warrants further investigation. In the current study, methylated and unmethylated flavonoids were studied for their proteasome-inhibitory and apoptosis-inducing abilities in human leukemia HL60 cells. Methylated flavonoids displayed sustained bioavailability and inhibited cellular proliferation by arresting cells in the G(1) phase. However, they did not act as proteasome inhibitors in either an in vitro system or an in silico model and only weakly induced apoptosis. In contrast, unmethylated flavonoids exhibited inhibition of the proteasomal activity in intact HL60 cells, accumulating proteasome target proteins and inducing caspase activation and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase cleavage. We conclude that methylated flavonoids lack potent cytotoxicity against human leukemia cells and most likely have limited ability as chemopreventive agents.     

Receptor binding and mitogenic effects of insulin and insulinlike growth factors I and II for human myeloid leukemic cells

Insulin and insulinlike growth factors I and II (IGF-I and IGF-II) influence mesodermal cell proliferation and differentiation. As multiple growth factors are involved in hemopoietic cell proliferation and differentiation, we assessed the receptor binding and mitogenic effects of these peptides on a panel of mesodermally derived human myeloid leukemic cell lines. The promyelocytic cell line HL60 had the highest level of specific binding for these 125I-labeled ligands, with lower binding to the less differentiated myeloblast cell line KG1 and undifferentiated blast variants of these cell lines (HL60blast, KG1a). Insulin binding affinity and receptor numbers were reduced significantly by chemically induced granulocytic differentiation of HL60 cells and was unchanged following induced monocytic differentiation. No substantial alteration in IGF-I or -II binding occurred with induced HL60 cell differentiation. Insulin and IGF-I demonstrated cross competition for receptor binding and down-regulated their homologous receptors without detectable cross modulation of the heterologous receptors on HL60 cells. IGF-I and insulin increased HL60 cell proliferation, as assessed by 3H-thymidine uptake, IGF-I greater than insulin. IGF-I binding and mitogenic effects were blocked by the monoclonal anti-IGF-I receptor antibody IR3, indicating that IGF-I-induced proliferative effects were mediated via its homologous receptor. In contrast, insulin binding and mitogenesis displayed blocking by both anti-IGI-I and anti-insulin receptor antibodies, indicating mediation of its activity through both receptors. These data demonstrate specific binding and mitogenic interactions between insulin, IGFs, and hemopoietic cells which are associated with their state of differentiation.     

Quercetin-induced apoptosis of HL-60 cells by reducing PI3K/Akt

To explore the effect and mechanism of quercetin on proliferation and apoptosis of leukemia cells, and provide a theoretical basis for its clinical application. HL-60 leukemia cell lines was treated with different dose quercetin, the proliferation activity of leukemia cells was assessed by MTT method; the morphological changes of apoptosis of HL-60 cells, including nuclear condensation and DNA fragmentation, were observed by Hoechst 33258 fluorescence staining, the apoptosis rate and caspase 2,3 activation were assessed by flow cytometry, and the cell signal pathway including phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), phosphorylated protein kinase B (pAkt), Bcl-2, Bax were detected by western blotting. Quercetin could significantly decrease the proliferation activity of HL-60 cells through the blockade of G(0)/G(1) phase, and induce the apoptosis of HL-60 cells in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Quercetin caused leukemia cells apoptosis by decreasing the protein expression of PI3K and Bax, the inhibitory phosphorylation of Akt, the decreased levels of Bcl-2 protein and increased activations of caspase-2 and -3, and increased poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase cleavage. Our results indicate that the apoptotic processes caused by quercetin are mediated by the decrease of pAkt and Bcl-2 levels, the increase of Bax level, and the activation of caspase families in HL-60 cells.     

PMS‐1077, a PAF antagonist,induced differentiation of HL‐60 cells with its novel activity

The cell differentiation‐inducing effect of 2‐N,N‐diethylaminocarbonyloxymethyl‐1 ‐diphenylmethyl‐4‐(3,4,5‐trimethoxybenzoyl) piperazine, hydrochloride (PMS‐1077) was determined in human leukaemic HL‐60 cells with profiling of cell proliferation, analysis of cell cycling, characterization of expression of various CD molecules and determination of phagocytotic activity of differentiated HL‐60 cells. After treatment with PMS‐1077, HL‐60 cells exhibited a decreased cell viability during which cell cycle was arrested in G₀‐/G₁‐phase. Flow cytometric analysis showed CD11b and CD14 were up‐regulated, whereas CD15 was unaffected. Together with the finding that PMS‐1077‐treated HL‐60 cells exhibited activities of differentiation by examining their ability of phagocytosing latex beads, an antiproliferative effect and a differentiation‐inducing role were determined for PMS‐1077 in HL‐60 cells.     

可见光响应的CdTe/TiO2复合纳米颗粒体外PDT灭活HL60细胞的研究

文章采用溶胶凝胶法制备核壳CdTe/TiO_2复合纳米颗粒,探讨了该复合纳米颗粒体外PDT对HL60细胞的灭活作用。通过扫描电镜(TEM)、X射线光电子衍射仪(XPS)对CdTe/TiO_2进行表征。文中,用紫外可见光吸收光谱(UV-vis)测得尺寸为2-5 nm的CdTe QDs吸收峰为460 nm。研究表明,CdTe/TiO_2复合纳米颗粒尺寸在80 nm左右,其吸收光谱相较于TiO_2的光响应区拓展至可见光区。将CdTe/TiO_2与HL60细胞进行共同孵育,采用CCK-8法研究了其在暗室条件下细胞的生长情况和浓度对细胞相对存活率的影响以及在不同浓度的CdTe/TiO_2复合纳米颗粒PDT后的细胞活性。实验结果表明:在共同孵育16 h后CdTe/TiO_2对HL60细胞的毒性最强,10~320μg/mL浓度的CdTe/TiO_2样品对HL60细胞均具有较强的灭活作用。当添加CdTe/TiO_2样品浓度为320μg/mL时,光照1 h后PDT灭活效率达到87.7%。     

槲皮素诱导Hep G2自噬与胞内游离Ca2+浓度的变化相关

槲皮素具有诱导细胞自噬、抑制肿瘤细胞增殖等抗癌功能,但其诱导细胞自噬的分子机制还不太清楚. 本文通过激光共聚焦显微镜观察槲皮素对Hep G2细胞自噬的影响; Fluo-3 AM和Cyto-IDTM Green Detection Reagent染色标记, 流式细胞术测定了槲皮素对Hep G2细胞内游离钙离子浓度［Ca2+］_i 及Ca2＋螯合剂BAPTA-AM对自噬水平的影响. 探讨了槲皮素诱导人肝癌细胞 Hep G2自噬过程中［Ca2+］i的变化. 结果表明, 在槲皮素较低浓度范围内(0 ～ 50 μg/mL), 可明显抑制Hep G2细胞增殖, 并以剂量依赖方式诱导细胞自噬. 同时发现,槲皮素刺激Hep G2细胞可使［Ca2+］i明显增加, 进而促进自噬. 而当胞内Ca2＋螯合剂 BAPTA-AM存在时, 细胞的自噬水平受到一定的抑制. 这些结果表明,细胞内［Ca2+］i的升高可促进自噬, ［Ca2+］_i 的降低可能会抑制自噬. Hep G2细胞自噬与细胞内游离钙离子浓度的变化有关系.     

Oleanolic Acid Induces Apoptosis in Human Leukemia Cells through Caspase Activation and Poly（ADP-ribose） Polymerase Cleavage

It has been shown that Fructus Ligustri Lucidi （FLL）, a promising traditional Chinese medicine, can inhibit the growth of tumors. However, the effective component and molecular mechanism of FLL act to inhibit tumor proliferation are unclear. In this study, we demonstrated that oleanolic acid （OA）, a principal chemical component of FLL, inhibited the proliferation of human leukemia HL60 cells in culture. MTT assay showed that treatment of HL60 cells with FLL crude extracts or OA dramatically blocked the growth of target tumor cell in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Morphological changes of the nuclei and DNA fragmentation showed that apoptotic cell death occurred in the HL60 cells after treating with FLL extracts （20 mg/ml） or OA （3.65×10^-2 mg/ml）. Furthermore, flow cytometry assay showed that treatment of HL60 cells with FLL or OA caused an increased accumulation of G1 and sub-G1 subpopulations. Western blot analysis showed that caspase-9 and caspase-3 were activated, accompanied by the cleavage of poly （ADP-ribose） polymerase （PARP） in the target cells during FLL- or OA-induced apoptosis, These results suggest that OA acts as the effective component of FLL by exerting its cytotoxicity towards target tumor cells through activation of caspases and cleavage of PARP.