含CD自杀基因腺病毒载体的构建及其应用

构建了含ＣＭＶ启动子、大肠杆菌胞嘧啶脱氨酶（ｃｄ）基因的复制缺陷型重组腺病毒载体（ＡｄＣＭＶＣＤ）。经Ｓｏｕｔｈｅｒｎ杂交和ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ鉴定证实,ｃｄ基因已克隆进入ＡｄＣＭＶＣＤ,并在受染细胞中表达。经氯化铯密度梯度离心法纯化的病毒滴度达１×１０１５ｐｆｕ／Ｌ。经１００ｍ．ｏ．ｉ．的ＡｄＣＭＶＣＤ感染的ＨｅＬａ和Ｃ６细胞株在１００μｍｏｌ／Ｌ５ＦＣ处理后,细胞存活率＜２０％。同时也观察到ＡｄＣＭＶＣＤ／５ＦＣ系统有很强的旁杀伤效应,将３．３％的ＡｄＣＭＶＣＤ受染细胞与９６．７％的野生型细胞混合,经５０μｍｏｌ／Ｌ５ＦＣ处理后,＞６０％的细胞被杀死。ＡｄＣＭＶＣＤ／５ＦＣ系统的建立为肿瘤基因治疗的研究提供了新的手段。     

戊型肝炎病毒(HEV)合成肽及基因重组抗原免疫反应性研究

用ＯＲＦ２、ＯＲＦ３合成肽抗原（１～１０号）及基因工程重组的ＯＲＦ２抗原（１和２号）分别建立了酶联免疫方法（ＥＩＡ）,检测６０份戊型肝炎病人血清中ＨＥＶＩｇＧ及ＩｇＭ１０个合成肽抗原（Ｓｐ１－Ｓｐ１０）及２个重组抗原（Ｒｅ１、Ｒｅ２）,均和ＨＥＶ阳性血清发生特异反应,但阳性率和反应强度差别很大。以Ｒｅ１（ＯＲＦ２,４０２～６６０）检测的抗体阳性率最高,为９６．７％（５８／６０）;Ｓｐ６（ＯＲＦ３,８８～１２３）次之,为９３．３％（５６／６０）;以上两种抗原混合使用阳性率为１００％（６０／６０）。Ｓｐ６、Ｒｅ１及这两种抗原混合使用检测抗ＨＥＶＩｇＭ,阳性率分别为１８．３％（１１／６０）、６６．７％（４０／６０）和６６．７％（４０／６０）。研究结果表明：合成肽６号（Ｓｐ６）及重组抗原１号（Ｒｅ１）是制备戊肝抗体诊断试剂的理想抗原。     

肝炎病毒与EB病毒重叠感染

为探讨肝炎病毒（ＨＶ）与ＥＢ病毒（ＥＢＶ）重叠感染的状况和后果,我们用免疫酶法对１５４例各型病毒性肝炎患者作了ＥＢＶＩｇＡ抗体检测。结果发现,急性肝炎、慢性轻度肝炎、慢性中度肝炎、肝炎肝硬化、慢性重型肝炎和原发性肝癌ＶＧＡ－ＩｇＡ抗体的阳性率分别为２４．０％、３０．０％、５３．３％、６３．３％、４０．０％和７２．７％,与健康人（５．３％）比较,有非常显著升高（Ｐ＜０．０１）;原发性肝癌又较急性肝炎和慢性轻度肝炎高,并有非常显著意义差异（Ｐ＜０．０１）。ＨＢＶ和ＨＡＶ＋ＨＢＶ感染者比较,前者又较后者低（Ｐ＜０．０１）。重叠感染者的临床表现均为“肝炎型”,未见咽炎、腺热、胃肠、肺炎、肾炎、神经等类型。重叠感染者的ＣＤ＋３及ＣＤ＋４Ｔ细胞下降,ＣＤ＋８Ｔ细胞及ＩｇＧ,ＩｇＭ升高,与健康人比较差异非常显著意义（Ｐ＜０．０１）。结果提示：ＨＶ感染,不仅因免疫失调易感ＥＢＶ,又可因重叠感染而进一步使免疫功能失调;对病毒性肝炎的处理应强调免疫调节治疗。     

戊型肝炎病毒（HEV）合成肽及基因重组抗的免疫反应性研究

用ＯＲＦ２、ＯＲＦ３合成肽抗原（１－１０号）及基因工程重组的ＯＲＦ２抗原（１和２号）分别建立了酶联免疫方法（ＥＩＡ）,检测６０份戊型肝炎病人血清中ＨＥＶＩｇＧ及ＩｇＭ１０个合成肽抗原及２人重组抗原,均和ＨＥＶ阳性血清发生特异反应,但阳性率和反应强度差别很大。以Ｒｅｌ（ＯＲＦ２,４０２－６６０）检测的抗体阳性率最高,为９６．７％;Ｓｐ６（ＯＲＦ３,８８－１２３）次之,为９３．３％（５６／６０）;以上     

维生素A缺乏胎鼠作为先天性心脏病动物模型的实验研究

目的　探讨将维生素Ａ缺乏（ＶＡＤ）胎鼠作为先天性心脏病动物模型的可行性。方法取１１－１９ｄ不同胎龄正常及ＶＡＤ胎鼠心脏经石蜡包埋、切片及 ＨＥ染色观察其发育情况。结果 １．实验组饲料含维生素Ａ（ＶＡ）７μｇ／１００ｇ,经ＶＡＤ饮食喂养后实验组大鼠血清ＶＡ水平明显低于对照组［（０．１６８±０．０５９）μｍｏｌ／Ｌ Ｖｓ（２．１８±０．２３）μｍｏｌ／Ｌ,ｔ＝３２．８８, Ｐ＜０．００１］。 ２．大鼠死亡百分比：饲养于屏障系统的ＶＡＤ大鼠死亡百分比较饲养于开放系统中的要低４．６倍（１０％ Ｖｓ ４５．８３％．ｘ ２＝１６．６４, Ｐ＜０．００１）,对照组为０。 ３．实验组大鼠受孕百分比及每只孕鼠产仔数均低于对照组［５８．３３％ Ｖｓ ８１．５％, ｘ ２＝４．３７,Ｐ＜０．０５：（６．９７±２．７９） Ｖｓ（１３ ±１．０５）,ｔ＝７．１６, Ｐ＜０．００１］。 ４．经切片观察１１～１５ ｄ胎龄胎鼠实验组心脏出现明显发育延迟的占３６．６７％, １６～１９ ｄ胎龄胎鼠实验组心脏畸形占４１．４３％,血管异常占１８．５７％。结论ＶＡＤ胎鼠可用来作为先天性心脏病动物模型,但需改进饲养环境以减少异常死亡。     

HCVE2／NS1相对保守区多肽体外诱导慢丙肝患者PBMC增殖反应的研究

为了解ＨＣＶ感染后细胞免疫在其中的作用,对３１例慢丙肝及２０例正常献血员以ＭＴＴ法检测外周血单核细胞（ＰＢＭＣ）对ＨＣＶＥ２／ＮＳ１相对保守区多肽抗原及Ｃ２２、ＮＳ５的增殖反应。结果表明与正常人相比,慢性丙型肝炎患者ＰＢＭＣ对ＨＣＶＣ２２、Ｅ２／ＮＳ１抗原有明显的增殖反应（Ｐ＜００５）,而对ＮＳ５无明显增殖,其中以Ｃ２２抗原性最强。作者认为慢性丙型肝炎患者存在针对与ＨＣＶ相关抗原的细胞免疫,这种细胞免疫不能消除ＨＣＶ感染,而且与疾病的状态无关。     

应用SDS-PAGE及光密度扫描测定肾综合征出血热纯化疫苗(Ⅰ型)纯度

应用ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ后光密度扫描的方法,对兰州生物制品研究所生产的５批肾综合征出血热（ＨＦＲＳ）乳鼠脑Ⅰ型纯化疫苗进行了纯度测定,结果５批疫苗的纯度为７５．７％－８９．８％,平均为８１．６８％,说明兰州所生产的乳鼠脑纯化疫苗纯度较好,杂蛋白含量很少,为精制纯化疫苗     

两种芽生病毒免疫治疗小鼠H_（22）腹水瘤的实验研究

本文采用ＮＤＶ（新城鸡瘟病毒）和副流感病毒腹腔注射治疗６１５纯系Ｈ２２腹水瘤,取得良好的疗效。ＮＤＶ治疗组存活率为４０％;副流感病毒治疗组存活率为４５％;ＮＤＶ和副流感病毒交叉免疫治疗Ｈ２２腹水瘤小鼠存活率为４３．７％,并对治疗Ｈ２２腹水瘤进行免疫功能的检测。观察了ＮＤＶ和副流感病毒治疗组与对照组的免疫指标的变化。其淋巴细胞转化率、ＮＫ细胞活性、抗体生成细胞以及Ｅａ花环形成率均比对照组明显提高。同时进行病毒在体内感染肿瘤细胞增强其抗原性的观察。本文并进行病毒治疗肿瘤的机理的探讨。     

应用SDS—PAGE及光密度扫描测定肾综合征出血热纯化疫苗（？…

应用ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ后光密度扫描的方法,对兰州生物制品研究所生产的５批肾综合征出血热（ＨＦＲＳ）乳鼠脑Ⅰ型纯化疫苗进行了纯度测定,结果５批疫苗的纯度为７５．７％￣８９．８％,平均为８１．６８％,说明兰州所生产的乳鼠脑纯化疫苗纯度较好,杂蛋白含量很少。为精制纯化疫苗。     

丙型肝炎病毒E2基因DNA免疫实验动物研究

将编码丙型肝炎病毒（ＨＣＶ）Ｅ２蛋白４１７～７５０位氨基酸的ＤＮＡ片段　克隆到真核表达载体ｐｃＤＮＡ　３．１（－）中的ＣＭＶ　ＩＥ启动子下游,构建成ＨＣＶ　Ｅ２重组真核表达质粒　ｐｃＥ２。ＥＬＩＳＡ法检测ｐｃＥ２　ＤＮＡ免疫兔血清中的Ｅ２抗体变化和维持规律,结果显示免疫２０ｄ已有　抗体产生,３０ｄ后开始进入高峰,４０ｄ时达到最高值,至第９０ｄ抗体水平保持平稳,抗体滴度　达到１∶１６００左右。流式细胞计数仪（ＦＡＣＳ）检测ｐｃＥ２　ＤＮＡ免疫鼠ＣＤ４＋、ＣＤ８＋Ｔ淋巴细胞变　化情况,与注射空载体ｐＣＤＮＡ３．１（－）的阴性鼠相比,ＣＤ４＋淋巴细胞水平略有上升,ＣＤ８＋　细胞水平有较大升高,增幅达３５．４６％。免疫组化检测结果显示注射ｐｃＥ２的小鼠组织中有明显　的阳性着色,而注射ｐｃＤＮＡ３．１（－）的对照组小鼠免疫组化结果为阴性。以上结果表明：ｐｃＥ２　在实验动物内表达出的ＨＣＶ　Ｅ２蛋白可以引起免疫动物的体液免疫应答和细胞免疫应答,尤其　是ＭＨＣ－１限制性杀伤性ＣＤ８＋Ｔ淋巴细胞水平的提高对清除　病毒是十分有利的,因此ＨＣＶ　Ｅ２　ＤＮＡ免疫有可能成为预防和治疗ＨＣＶ感染的一条新途径。     

Role for dopamine in malonate-induced damage in vivo in striatum and in vitro in mesencephalic cultures

Defects in mitochondrial energy metabolism have been implicated in the pathology of several neurodegenerative disorders. In addition, the reactive metabolites generated from the metabolism and oxidation of the neurotransmitter dopamine (DA) are thought to contribute to the damage to neurons of the basal ganglia. We have previously demonstrated that infusions of the metabolic inhibitor malonate into the striata of mice or rats produce degeneration of DA nerve terminals. In the present studies, we demonstrate that an intrastriatal infusion of malonate induces a substantial increase in DA efflux in awake, behaving mice as measured by in vivo microdialysis. Furthermore, pretreatment of mice with tetrabenazine (TBZ) or the TBZ analogue Ro 4-1284 (Ro-4), compounds that reversibly inhibit the vesicular storage of DA, attenuates the malonate-induced DA efflux as well as the damage to DA nerve terminals. Consistent with these findings, the damage to both DA and GABA neurons in mesencephalic cultures by malonate exposure was attenuated by pretreatment with TBZ or Ro-4. Treatment with these compounds did not affect the formation of free radicals or the inhibition of oxidative phosphorylation resulting from malonate exposure alone. Our data suggest that DA plays an important role in the neurotoxicity produced by malonate. These findings provide direct evidence that inhibition of succinate dehydrogenase causes an increase in extracellular DA levels and indicate that bioenergetic defects may contribute to the pathogenesis of chronic neurodegenerative diseases through a mechanism involving DA.     

SSTR5 ablation in islet results in alterations in glucose homeostasis in mice

Somatostatin (SST) peptide is a potent inhibitor of insulin secretion and its effect is mediated via somatostatin receptor 5 (SSTR5) in the endocrine pancreas. To investigate the consequences of gene ablation of SSTR5 in the mouse pancreas, we have generated a mouse model in which the SSTR5 gene was specifically knocked down in the pancreatic beta cells (betaSSTR5Kd) using the Cre-lox system. Immunohistochemistry analysis showed that SSTR5 gene expression was absent in beta cells at three months of age. At the time of gene ablation, betaSSTR5Kd mice demonstrated glucose intolerance with lack of insulin response and significantly reduced serum insulin levels. Insulin tolerance test demonstrated a significant increase of insulin clearance in vivo at the same age. In vitro studies demonstrated an absence of response to SST-28 stimulation in the betaSSTR5Kd mouse islet, which was associated with a significantly reduced SST expression level in betaSSTR5Kd mice pancreata. In addition, betaSSTR5Kd mice had significantly reduced serum glucose levels and increased serum insulin levels at 12 months of age. Glucose tolerance test at an older age also indicated a persistently higher insulin level in betaSSTR5Kd mice. Further studies of betaSSTR5Kd mice had revealed elevated serum C-peptide levels at both 3 and 12 months of age, suggesting that these mice are capable of producing and releasing insulin to the periphery. These results support the hypothesis that SSTR5 plays a pivotal role in the regulation of insulin secretion in the mouse pancreas.     

2018年中国植物科学若干领域重要研究进展

2018年中国植物科学继续呈现快速发展的态势, 我国科学家在国际植物科学主流学术刊物发表论文数量大幅增加, 取得了多项具有重要影响的成果。调控植物生长-代谢平衡实现可持续农业发展入选2018年度中国科学十大进展; 中国被子植物区系进化历史研究入选2018年度中国生命科学十大进展。以水稻为代表的农作物和果蔬等经济作物研究在国际上已呈现出明显的优势, 若干领域已从“追赶”状态跨越到“领跑”地位。该文对2018年中国科学家在植物科学若干领域取得的重要研究成果进行了概括性评述, 旨在全面追踪和报道当前中国植物科学领域的发展前沿和热点, 展示中国科学家所取得的杰出成就。     

我国葫芦科植物离体培养研究进展

葫芦科植物包括多种瓜类蔬菜,对其进行离体培养研究具有重要的理论和实践意义。综述了国内在葫芦科植物器官培养、体细胞胚胎发生、花药培养、原生质体培养和体细胞杂交及离体遗传转化等方面取得的研究进展,并对葫芦科植物离体培养、遗传转化与育种的前景作了展望。     

2018年中国植物科学若干领域重要研究进展

2018年中国植物科学继续呈现快速发展的态势, 我国科学家在国际植物科学主流学术刊物发表论文数量大幅增加, 取得了多项具有重要影响的成果。调控植物生长-代谢平衡实现可持续农业发展入选2018年度中国科学十大进展; 中国被子植物区系进化历史研究入选2018年度中国生命科学十大进展。以水稻为代表的农作物和果蔬等经济作物研究在国际上已呈现出明显的优势, 若干领域已从“追赶”状态跨越到“领跑”地位。该文对2018年中国科学家在植物科学若干领域取得的重要研究成果进行了概括性评述, 旨在全面追踪和报道当前中国植物科学领域的发展前沿和热点, 展示中国科学家所取得的杰出成就。     

2017年中国植物科学若干领域重要研究进展

2017年中国植物科学继续保持高速发展态势, 重大成果频出, 具体表现在中国植物学家在国际顶级学术期刊发表的文章数量平稳上升。中国植物科学领域的研究工作者成果精彩纷呈, 如新型广谱抗病机制的发现、水稻广谱抗病遗传基础及机制和疫霉菌诱发病害成灾机制研究等。2017年中国生命科学领域十大进展评选中, 有两项植物科学领域的研究成果入选。水稻生物学、进化与基因组学和激素生物学等领域学科发展突出。另外, 值得一提的是, 长期从事高等植物与代谢途径调控分子网络研究和水稻品种设计育种的李家洋院士的研究成果“水稻高产优质性状形成的分子机理及品种设计”荣获2017年国家自然科学一等奖。这一具有重大国际影响的开创性贡献标志着中国植物科学在该领域的国际科学前沿居于引领和卓越地位。该文对2017年中国本土科学家在植物科学若干领域取得的重要研究成果进行了系统梳理, 旨在全面追踪和报道当前中国植物科学领域发展的最新前沿动态, 与广大读者共同分享我国科学家所取得的辉煌成就。     

我国葫芦科植物离体培养研究进展

葫芦科植物包括多种瓜类蔬菜,对其进行离体培养研究具有重要的理论和实践意义.综述了国内在葫芦科植物器官培养、体细胞胚胎发生、花药培养、原生质体培养和体细胞杂交及离体遗传转化等方面取得的研究进展,并对葫芦科植物离体培养、遗传转化与育种的前景作了展望.     

Morphine-potentiated platelet aggregation in in vitro and platelet plug formation in in vivo experiments

The detailed mechanisms underlying morphine-signaling pathways in platelets remain obscure. Therefore, we systematically examined the influence of morphine on washed human platelets. In this study, washed human platelet suspensions were used for in vitro studies. Furthermore, platelet thrombus formation induced by irradiation of mesenteric venules with filtered light in mice pretreated with fluorescein sodium was used for an in vivo thrombotic study. Morphine concentration dependently (0.6, 1, and 5 microM) potentiated platelet aggregation and the ATP release reaction stimulated by agonists (i.e., collagen and U46619) in washed human platelets. Yohimbine (0.1 microM), a specific alpha(2)-adrenoceptor antagonist, markedly abolished the potentiation of morphine in platelet aggregation stimulated by agonists. Morphine also potentiated phosphoinositide breakdown and intracellular Ca(2+) mobilization in human platelets stimulated by collagen (1 microg/ml). Moreover, morphine (0.6-5 microM) markedly inhibited prostaglandin E(1) (10 microM)-induced cyclic AMP formation in human platelets, while yohimbine (0.1 microM) significantly reversed the inhibition of cyclic AMP by morphine (0.6 and 1 microM) in this study. The thrombin-evoked increase in pH(i) was markedly potentiated in the presence of morphine (1 and 5 microM). Morphine (2 and 5 mg/g) significantly shortened the time require to induce platelet plug formation in mesenteric venules. We concluded that morphine may exert its potentiation in platelet aggregation by binding to alpha(2)-adrenoceptors in human platelets, with a resulting inhibition of adenylate cyclase, thereby reducing intracellular cyclic AMP formation followed by increased activation of phospholipase C and the Na(+)/H(+) exchanger. This leads to increased intracellular Ca(2+) mobilization, and finally potentiation of platelet aggregation and of the ATP release reaction.     

Changes in aquatic vegetation in Rhine floodplain streams in Alsace in relation to disturbance

Abstract. Changes are described in aquatic vegetation in oligotrophic, groundwater-fed Rhine floodplain streams in Alsace (eastern France), resulting from disturbance. Disturbance factors include changes in nutrients, either permanent ones - effluent from a waste water treatment plant or trout hatcheries - or periodic ones: flooding. Regular inputs of high levels of phosphate and ammonia modified the macrophyte vegetation in these streams. The floristic composition, which was characteristic of oligotrophic waters upstream of the eutrophicated sector, changed to that of a eutrophic situation as originally found downstream. Periodic disturbance by floods which normally occur once a year, irregularly eutrophicates the small streams, causing the development of a mixture of eutrophic and oligotrophic species. Six macrophyte communities are distinguished, indicating different trophic levels. The aquatic vegetation is adapted to the variations of phosphate and ammonia levels. Hence, aquatic macrophytes can be used as bio-indicators of fluctuations in water nutrient levels in relation to the type of disturbance.     

Progress in glial cell studies in some laboratories in China

Glial cells in the central nervous system(CNS) consist of a heterogeneous population of cell types,each characterized by distinct morphological features,physiological properties,and specific markers.In contrast to the previous view that glial cells were passive elements in the brain,accumulating evidence suggests that glial cells are active participants in various brain functions and brain disorders.This review summarizes recent progress of glial cell studies from several groups in China,ranging from studie...