ETA基因作为荧光定量PCR靶基因设计TaqMan探针快速检测铜绿假单胞菌的研究

铜绿假单胞菌是临床上常见致病菌, 传统的检测方法有各种弊端。本研究对该细菌的ETA基因用生物信息学方法加以分析, 选取相对保守且高度特异的DNA序列, 设计一对特异性引物和一个TaqMan探针, 建立FQ-PCR (fluorescence quantitative PCR)检测PA的方法。通过对梯度浓度的铜绿假单胞菌基因组DNA样品进行FQ-PCR检测和对多种细菌的DNA进行扩增, 来检测其灵敏度和验证引物和探针的特异性。试验结果表明, 对比现有的检测方法, 以ETA基因为靶基因, 基于TaqMan探针的快速FQ-PCR检测技术有更高的灵敏度和更好的特异性等优点, 具有很好的研究价值和应用前景。     

基于聚合酶螺旋反应技术快速检测铜绿假单胞菌

【背景】铜绿假单胞菌是一种重要的水源和食源性致病菌,可引起急性肠道炎、脑膜炎、败血症和皮肤炎症等疾病。加强铜绿假单胞菌的快速检测,对保障食品安全具有重要的意义。【目的】建立聚合酶螺旋反应(Polymerasespiralreaction,PSR)方法快速检测铜绿假单胞菌。【方法】针对铜绿假单胞菌外毒素A调控基因——ETA基因(toxA)设计引物,通过引入加速引物、优化反应条件和筛选颜色指示剂,建立快速检测铜绿假单胞菌的PSR方法,并研究方法的特异性、敏感性和可靠性。【结果】建立的方法在等温65°C条件下,40 min内可完成PSR反应,且可通过钙黄绿素和羟基萘酚蓝直接判读结果。方法特异性强、灵敏度高,最低检出限分别为20 CFU/mL细菌和1.011 5 pg/μL基因组DNA。可视化PSR方法检测包装饮用水来源的分离菌株与传统生化方法检测结果一致。【结论】研究建立的可视化PSR方法为铜绿假单胞菌DNA快速检测提供了一种可行的有效手段。     

16S rDNA用作荧光定量PCR靶基因快速检测铜绿假单胞菌

对20余种细菌16SrDNAs进行多序列比对与进化树分析,设计铜绿假单胞菌(Pseudomonasaeruginosa,PA)荧光定量PCR(fluorescencequantitativePCR,FQ-PCR)特异性引物。提取PA基因组DNA,以特异性引物扩增16SrDNA靶片段,并构建重组质粒pMDT-Pfr。将梯度稀释的pMDT-Pfr质粒作为模板,用于建立定量标准曲线。以SYBRGreenI荧光染料建立20μL反应体系,对不同浓度的PADNA样品进行FQ-PCR检测。同时,以金黄色葡萄球菌、伤寒杆菌、福氏志贺菌、变形杆菌、表皮葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌和结核杆菌的基因组DNA作阴性对照,验证FQ-PCR方法检测PA的特异性。结果显示,设计的FQ-PCR引物的靶向序列,仅对PA16SrDNA有高度同源性;FQ-PCR方法检测PA,其灵敏度达3.6pg/μL的基因组DNA或(2.1×103±3.1×102)拷贝/μL的16SrDNA基因,并且具有很强的特异性;从细菌DNA提取到FQ-PCR检测,可在2h左右完成PA鉴定。较传统的培养鉴定法而言,以16SrDNA作为FQ-PCR靶基因快速检测PA,具有很好的研究价值与应用前景。     

环介导等温扩增技术检测化妆品中铜绿假单胞菌的研究

本文建立了环介导等温扩增技术(Loop-mediated isothermal amplification,LAMP)快速检测化妆品中铜绿假单胞菌的方法。采用铜绿假单胞菌外膜蛋白oprI基因保守序列引物,评价检测铜绿假单胞菌灵敏度和特异性,并与普通PCR相比,检测人工污染样品中的铜绿假单胞菌。结果显示,LAMP检测铜绿假单胞菌的灵敏度为62. 5 pg/μL,而且特异性高,人工污染样品中的检出限为102cfu/m L,比PCR检测灵敏度高10倍。该方法具有灵敏度高、特异性好、操作简便、耗时短,可用于化妆品中铜绿假单胞菌的快速检测。     

RT-PCR检测金黄色葡萄球菌

目的探讨检测金黄色葡萄球菌及其活菌的RT-PCR方法。方法用RT-PCR方法对金黄色葡萄球菌的spa基因进行检测,并做灵敏度和特异性测定,用RT-PCR检测细菌灭活前后的spa基因。结果用spa基因检测金黄色葡萄球菌灵敏度为1.5×104CFU/mL;Spa引物能特异性扩增出金黄色葡萄球菌的标准株和14株临床株的目的片段,对大肠埃希菌、铜绿假单胞菌、表皮葡萄球菌和化脓性链球菌则无特异性扩增条带,而对白色念珠菌有较弱条带扩出;细菌灭活前可以检测出目的基因,灭活后4℃放置24、48和72 h均无目的基因片段扩出。结论可以用spa基因对金黄色葡萄球菌进行活菌检测。     

多重PCR快速检测化妆品中三种致病菌的研究

利用多重PCR技术建立快速检测化妆品中三种致病菌的方法。根据已报道的大肠杆菌phoA基因、铜绿假单胞菌外膜蛋白基因oprL和金黄色葡萄球菌特异性序列SmaI选择特异性引物,对人工染菌化妆品进行多重PCR检测。结果显示,三种致病菌的基因组DNA均可与各自引物特异性结合,扩增产物大小分别为622 bp、504 bp和426 bp。该方法用于人工污染的化妆品中,大肠杆菌的检出限浓度为103 CFU/mL,铜绿假单胞菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的检出限浓度为105 CFU/mL。作者建立的多重PCR方法可同时快速、特异地对化妆品中三种致病菌进行检测,在化妆品行业具有较大的应用价值。     

铜绿假单胞菌环介导等温扩增技术检测方法在实验小鼠微生物控制中的应用

目的建立铜绿假单胞菌Pseudomonas aeruginosa环介导等温扩增技术(LAMP)检测方法并初步应用于实验小鼠微生物控制。方法根据铜绿假单胞菌oprL基因设计LAMP特异性引物,优化反应条件,确立LAMP的检测体系;再通过对小鼠血清样本的检测,与《GB/T 14926. 17-2001实验动物绿脓杆菌检测方法》对比,阳性结果再用PCR方法验证。结果新建立的LAMP方法特异性强,灵敏度比普通PCR高10~3倍;当反应温度为66℃,内引物和环引物的浓度分别为70μmol·L^-1和30μmol·L^-1时,LAMP反应体系最佳;利用建立的LAMP方法检测87份小鼠血清样本,铜绿假单胞菌检出率为11. 5%(10/87),比《GB/T 14926. 17-2001实验动物绿脓杆菌检测方法》的高(0/87),阳性结果与PCR方法一致。结论本研究建立的LAMP方法特异性强、灵敏度高、可重复率高、稳定性好,为检测铜绿假单胞菌提供了新的研究手段。     

铜绿假单胞菌必需基因的研究进展

铜绿假单胞菌为专性需氧非发酵革兰氏阴性杆菌,是医院感染的常见条件致病菌之一,可引起呼吸道、泌尿道、烧伤创面和菌血症等严重感染。铜绿假单胞菌耐药形势日益严峻,给临床治疗带来困难。必需基因是生长过程中必不可少的看家基因,对铜绿假单胞菌必需基因进行深入研究,不仅有助于了解细菌的生长、毒力等基本特性,也有助于筛选新的抗菌药物靶标。本文针对铜绿假单胞菌及其必需基因进行综述,首先介绍了铜绿假单胞菌的基本生理特性及目前耐药趋势,又归纳了必需基因的研究方法,最后对铜绿假单胞菌必需基因的研究进展进行总结。     

应用肠杆菌科基因间重复序列分析多重耐药铜绿假单胞菌基因指纹图谱

目的明确多重耐药铜绿假单胞菌在院内感染中的流行情况,为临床防治提供依据。方法用德灵MicroscanWalkAway96SI系统鉴定细菌和读取最小抑菌浓度。应用肠杆菌重复基因间隔共有序列（ERIC）-PCR对铜绿假单胞菌进行基因分型。结果多重耐药铜绿假单胞菌可扩增出丰富的区带,在药敏表型相似的情况下被分为9种基因型。结论流行于大连医科大学第一临床学院的多重耐药铜绿假单胞菌在各科室患者中呈现出散发的状态。ERIC-PCR指纹图谱基因技术分型方法简便快捷,便于铜绿假单胞菌医院感染流行病学监测。     

铜绿假单胞菌随机启动子库的构建及受铁调控基因的筛选和鉴定

[目的]针对铁这种几乎所有微生物都必需的,对病原菌尤为重要的营养元素,在全基因组水平上检测铜绿假单胞菌的铁感应基因.[方法]采用含LuxCDABE报道子的质粒pMS402为载体,构建了铜绿假单胞菌的随机启动子库,建立了特定条件下研究铜绿假单胞菌全基因组基因表达变化的高通量平台.[结果]验证了2个已知的受铁调控的基因,并发现了尚未报道的二氢叶酸还原酶,磷酸葡萄糖脱水酶和柠檬酸铁转运蛋白受铁调控的现象,发现与铁相关的四个功能未知的基因和3个假定蛋白的基因.[结论]研究结果对于阐明铁在铜绿假单胞菌中的调控作用,揭示铁对细菌生理及致病性的作用机制提供了理论基础.随机启动子库的构建也为细菌基因组水平研究基因表达提供了一个有用的工具.     

鉴别伪狂犬病病毒野毒与疫苗毒荧光定量PCR方法的建立

根据猪伪狂犬病病毒(PRV) gH、gE基因的序列, 设计了两对引物及其对应的TaqMan探针, 通过对引物、探针、Mg2+的浓度和样品DNA提取方法等进行优化, 建立了鉴别PRV野毒与疫苗毒感染的荧光定量PCR方法。该方法线性范围为101~108拷贝/mL, 达8个数量级, 灵敏度可达101拷贝/mL, 比常规PCR高100倍。用此方法对60份疑似组织样品进行检测, 并与血清中和试验、常规PCR相比较, 结果显示该方法具有快速、灵敏、特异、重复性好和能对样品进行定量检测等优点, 并且该法以闭管的模式操作, 减少了后续步骤污染的可能性, 整个PCR检测过程不到2 h。此方法的建立, 为猪伪狂犬病病毒的早期鉴别诊断和定量分析猪伪狂犬病病毒感染程度奠定了基础。     

Development and evaluation of loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay for rapid and sensitive detection of canine parvovirus DNA directly in faecal specimens

Aims: To develop a specific and highly sensitive loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) technique for the rapid detection of canine parvovirus (CPV) DNA directly in suspected faecal samples of dogs by employing a simple method of template preparation. Methods and Results: LAMP reaction was developed by designing two sets of outer and inner primers, which target a total of six distinct regions on VP2 gene of CPV. The template DNA was prepared by a simple boiling and chilling method. Of the 140 faecal samples screened by the developed LAMP and the conventional PCR assays, 104 samples (74·28%) were found positive by LAMP, whereas 81 samples (57·85%) were found positive by PCR. The specificity of the LAMP assay was tested by cross-examination of common pathogens of dogs and further confirmed by sequencing. The detection limit of the LAMP was 0·0001 TCID(50) ml(-1) , whereas the detection limit of the PCR was 1000 TCID(50) ml(-1) . Conclusions: The developed LAMP assay detects CPV DNA in faecal specimens directly within an hour by following a simple and rapid boiling and chilling method of template preparation. The result also shows that the developed LAMP assay is specific and highly sensitive in detecting CPV. Significance and Impact of the Study: The result indicates the potential usefulness of LAMP which is a simple, rapid, specific, highly sensitive and cost-effective field-based method for direct detection of CPV from the suspected faecal samples of dogs.     

Gold nanoparticles-based colorimetric assay for rapid detection of Salmonella species in food samples

A rapid, sensitive and cost-effective method was developed for detection of foodborne pathogens, particularly Salmonella species. The method utilizes single stranded DNA (ssDNA) probes and non-functionalized gold nanoparticles to provide a colorimetric assay for the detection of PCR amplified DNA. Different food samples were tested with the PCR-based colorimetric assay parallel with the conventional culture method. The sensitivity and specificity of colorimetric assay was 89.15 and 99.04% respectively with reference to conventional culture method. The total time required to detect the Salmonella spp. present in food samples by the developed method is less than 8 h, including 6 h incubation. It was observed that the colorimetric assay was 10 times more sensitive than gel-based detection with the same concentration of DNA used for analysis.     

Preclinical Detection of Porcine Circovirus Type 2 Infection Using an Ultrasensitive Nanoparticle DNA Probe-Based PCR Assay

Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) has emerged as one of the most important pathogens affecting swine production globally. Preclinical identification of PCV2 is very important for effective prophylaxis of PCV2-associated diseases. In this study, we developed an ultrasensitive nanoparticle DNA probe-based PCR assay (UNDP-PCR) for PCV2 detection. Magnetic microparticles coated with PCV2 specific DNA probes were used to enrich PCV2 DNA from samples, then gold nanoparticles coated with PCV2 specific oligonucleotides were added to form a sandwich nucleic acid-complex. After the complex was formed, the oligonucleotides were released and characterized by PCR. This assay exhibited about 500-fold more sensitive than conventional PCR, with a detection limit of 2 copies of purified PCV2 genomic DNA and 10 viral copies of PCV2 in serum. The assay has a wide detection range for all of PCV2 genotypes with reliable reproducibility. No cross-reactivity was observed from the samples of other related viruses including porcine circovirus type 1, porcine parvovirus, porcine pseudorabies virus, porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus and classical swine fever virus. The positive detection rate of PCV2 specific UNDP-PCR in 40 preclinical field samples was 27.5%, which appeared greater than that by conventional and real-time PCR and appeared application potency in evaluation of the viral loads levels of preclinical infection samples. The UNDP-PCR assay reported here can reliably rule out false negative results from antibody-based assays, provide a nucleic acid extraction free, specific, ultrasensitive, economic and rapid diagnosis method for preclinical PCV2 infection in field, which may help prevent large-scale outbreaks.     

基因芯片技术检测3种食源性致病微生物方法的建立

建立一种运用多重PCR和基因芯片技术检测和鉴定志贺氏菌、沙门氏菌、大肠杆菌O157的方法, 为3种食源性致病菌的快速检测和鉴定提供了准确、快速、灵敏的方法。分别选取编码志贺氏菌侵袭性质粒抗原H基因(ipaH)、沙门氏菌肠毒素(stn)基因和致泻性大肠杆菌O157志贺样毒素(slt)基因设计引物和探针, 进行三重PCR扩增, 产物与含特异性探针的芯片杂交。对7种细菌共26株菌进行芯片检测, 仅3种菌得到阳性扩增结果, 证明此方法具有很高的特异性。3种致病菌基因组DNA和细菌纯培养物的检测灵敏度约为8 pg。对模拟食品样品进行直接检测, 结果与常规细菌学培养结果一致, 检测限为50 CFU/mL。结果表明：所建立的基因芯片检测方法特异性好, 灵敏度高, 为食源性致病菌的检测提供了理想手段, 有良好的应用前景。     

Development and evaluation of a loop‐mediated isothermal amplification assay for rapid detection of chicken anaemia virus

Aim: Chicken anaemia virus (CAV) causes an economically important viral disease in chickens worldwide. The main aim of this study was to establish a rapid, sensitive and specific loop‐mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay for detecting CAV infection. Methods and Results: A set of four specific LAMP primers were designed based on the nucleotide sequence of the CAV VP2 gene, which encodes a nonstructural protein. These were used for the amplification of a specific target region of the VP2 gene. LAMP amplicons were successfully amplified and detected by DNA electrophoresis and by direct naked eye SYBR Green I visualization. A sensitivity test systematically demonstrated that the LAMP assay was superior to a conventional PCR assay with a minimum concentration limit of 100 fg compared to 10 ng for the conventional PCR. The specificity of the LAMP assay for CAV detection is consistent with conventional PCR. Using this established LAMP assay, infected and uninfected clinical samples obtained from an experimental farm were fully verified. Conclusions: A novel nucleic acid‐based approach of LAMP assay was successfully developed for detecting CAV infection. Significance and Impact of the Study: In this study, these results indicate that the developed LAMP assay herein for CAV detection is a time‐effective, simple, sensitive and specific test that can be used as an alternative approach in the future for large‐scaled diagnosis on the farm of CAV infection.     

人博卡病毒TaqMan探针实时定量PCR检测方法的建立及初步应用

目的:建立人博卡病毒(HBoV)核酸特异、快速、敏感的TaqMan探针实时定量PCR检测方法,并对临床样本进行检测。方法:比对编码HBoV非结构蛋白NP-1的基因序列,选取其保守片段设计引物和探针,建立实时荧光定量PCR检测方法,并与传统PCR方法进行比较,然后分别对两者的灵敏性、特异性、稳定性及临床样本检验的适用性等进行评价。结果:所建立的实时定量PCR检测方法可用于HBoV的特异性检测;相对于传统PCR所达到的250拷贝/反应的检测灵敏度,实时定量PCR的检测灵敏度可高达10拷贝/反应,检测范围为109～101拷贝/反应,且具有良好的特异性和重复性;初步用于76份临床呼吸道标本检测,检出阳性5例,高于普通PCR方法(3/76)。结论:建立了HBoV TaqMan探针实时定量PCR检测方法,并可用于临床鼻咽拭子样本的检测,为开展HBoV流行病学监测及早期临床诊断提供了技术手段。     

A quantitative assay for the detection of hepatitis B virus DNA employing a biotin-labeled DNA probe and the avidin-beta-galactosidase complex

We have developed a procedure for the quantitation of specific DNA which employs nonradioisotopic probes and beta-galactosidase as a detector. The sample DNA was immobilized on a nitrocellulose filter paper. After the filter paper had been processed to hybridization with a biotinylated probe DNA, the paper was incubated with avidin-beta-galactosidase complex. The optimum ratio of avidin to biotinylated beta-galactosidase for preparation of a complex between the two was determined. The filter paper was punched. Each punched piece was put into a microtiter well and beta-galactosidase activity was measured using 4-methylumbelliferyl beta-D-galactosidase as a substrate. By this method, we were able to quantify as little as a few picograms of specific DNA. The application of this method for the quantitative assay of hepatitis B virus DNA in serum sample is also described. The sensitivity for the detection of the DNA by our method was practically comparable to that of the conventional radioisotopic method. The validity of our method for detection of the virus DNA was further supported by comparison with the serological data.     

荧光定量PCR检测人巨细胞病毒的方法学建立

目的建立人巨细胞病毒（HCMV）的TaqMan MGB探针荧光定量PCR（FQ—PCR）检测方法。方法选取HCMV MIE exon4为PCR扩增靶序列,经TA克隆构建重组质粒作为定量标准品,经FQ—PCR反应条件的优化及方法学评价,再将其应用于临床检测。结果FQ—PCR最适循环参数为：95℃ 5 min;95℃ 20 s,60℃ 60 s（40 cycles）,20μl最适反应体系为：2．0mmol／L Mg^2＋、0．5μmol／L引物、1．5μmol／L探针、200μmol／L dNTP、2110×buffer、1．0 U Taq酶、2．0μl DNA模板。检测批内CV（变异系数）值为1．32％,批间CV值为1．96％;特异性较好;线性范围为10^2-10^8copies／μl。结论成功地建立了检测HCMV的FQ—PCR法,完全适用于临床检测。