东北地区黑线仓鼠的代谢产热特征及其体温调节

为探讨寒冷地区黑线仓鼠 (Cricetulusbarabensis)的代谢产热特征及体温调节 ,本文采用封闭式流体压力呼吸仪对其代谢率、热传导和体温等热生物学指标进行了测定。结果显示 :在环境温度为 5～ 35℃的范围内 ,黑线仓鼠的体温基本维持恒定 ,平均体温为 36 33± 0 2 3℃ ;热中性区为 2 5～ 32 5℃ ;基础代谢率为 3 4 9±0 36mlO2 / (g·h) ;环境温度 (Ta)在 5～ 2 5℃范围内 ,代谢率 (MR)与Ta 呈负相关 ,回归方程为 :MR [mlO2 / (g·h) ]=9 6 0 - 0 2 2Ta (℃ ) ,在此范围内 ,黑线仓鼠的热传导率 (C)最低 ,平均为 0 2 8± 0 0 1mlO2 /(g·h·℃ ) ;代谢预期比和热传导预期比 (F值 )为 1 6 8。黑线仓鼠的基本热生物学特征为 :较高的BMR和热传导率 ,相对较低的体温和较宽的热中性区。这些特征可能限制了其在极端寒冷和干旱环境中的分布和生存.     

太平鸟和灰头鹀的代谢产热特征及体温调节

采用封闭式流体压力呼吸仪,测定了在环境温度5、10、15、16、18、20、22、25、26、28和30℃时,捕自黑龙江省齐齐哈尔市的太平鸟(Bombycillagarrulus,1♀、7♂)和灰头(Emberizaspodocephala,8♂)的代谢率(MR),计算每个温度点的热传导(C)、MR和C的体重预期值。结果显示:在环境温度(Ta)为5~30℃时,太平鸟的体温(Tb)基本维持恒定,平均Tb为(38·20±0·05)℃;热中性区(TNZ)为18~27℃,基础代谢率(BMR)为(2·33±0·47)mLO2/(g·h);Ta在5~18℃,MR与Ta呈负相关,回归方程为:MR=5·46(±0·19)-0·17(±0·01)Ta;Ta在5~22℃,C最低且基本保持恒定,平均为(0·13±0·00)mLO2/(g·h·℃)。5~30℃时,灰头Tb也基本维持恒定,平均Tb为(38·25±0·05)℃;TNZ为20~26℃,BMR为(4·75±0·18)mLO2/(g·h),最低C为(0·26±0·00)mLO2/(g·h·℃);在5~20℃时,MR与Ta的回归方程为:MR=9·54(±0·52)-0·23(±0·03)Ta。两种鸟具有BMR和Tb较高、下临界温度较低和TNZ较宽、热传导稍高的北方地区小型鸟类的代谢特点,通过自身的物理和化学调节(代谢产热)以更好地适应其生存环境。     

棕眉山岩鹨的代谢产热特征的初步研究

实验采用封闭式流体压力呼吸计和数字式温度计 ,分别测定了环境温度 (Ta)在 5～ 35℃范围内棕眉山岩鹨 (Prunellamontanella)的耗氧量和体温 (Tb) ,由此计算出代谢率 (MR)、热传导率 (C)和代谢预期比与热传导预期比 (F)等值 ,以探讨该种的代谢产热特征。结果表明 :棕眉山岩鹨在Ta 为 5～ 35℃时 ,Tb 基本维持恒定 (为 4 1 2 5± 0 12℃ ) ,MR的最低值为 4 2 7± 0 0 7mLO2 /(g·h) ;Ta 在 5～ 2 4℃时 ,MR与之负相关 :MR [mLO2 /(g·h) ]=10 39- 0 2 4Ta℃ ;Ta 在 5～ 2 6 5℃时 ,C最低且基本保持恒定 ,平均为 0 2 6±0 0 0mLO2 /(g·h·℃ ) ;Ta 在 2 4～ 30℃时 ,F值为 1 0 5 ,表明该种具有较好的体温调节能力。与热带地区鸟类比较 ,棕眉山岩鹨具较高的MR和Tb,稍高的C ,符合北方小型鸟类的代谢特点 ,能较好的适应冬寒冷、夏炎热的环境。     

太平鸟和灰头wu的代谢产热特征及体温调节

采用封闭式流体压力呼吸仪,测定了在环境温度5、10、15、16、18、20、22、25、26、28和30 ℃时,捕自黑龙江省齐齐哈尔市的太平鸟(Bombycilla garrulus,1♀、7♂)和灰头wu(Emberiza spodocephala,8♂)的代谢率(MR),计算每个温度点的热传导?、MR和C的体重预期值。结果显示：在环境温度(Ta)为5～30 ℃时,太平鸟的体温(Tb)基本维持恒定,平均Tb为(38.20±0.05) ℃;热中性区(TNZ)为18～27 ℃,基础代谢率(BMR)为(2.33±0.47)mL O.2/(g·h);Ta在5～18 ℃,MR与Ta呈负相关,回归方程为：MR=5.46(±0.19)-0.17(±0.01)Ta;Ta在5～22 ℃,C最低且基本保持恒定,平均为(0.13±0.00)mL O.2／(g·h·℃)。5～30 ℃时,灰头wu Tb也基本维持恒定,平均Tb为(38.25±0.05) ℃; TNZ为20～26 ℃,BMR为(4.75±0.18)mL O.2／(g·h),最低C为(0.26±0.00)mL O.2／(g·h· ℃);在5～20 ℃时,MR与Ta的回归方程为：MR=9.54(±0.52)-0.23(±0.03)Ta。两种鸟具有BMR和Tb较高、下临界温度较低和TNZ较宽、热传导稍高的北方地区小型鸟类的代谢特点,通过自身的物理和化学调节(代谢产热)以更好地适应其生存环境。     

普通朱雀标准代谢率的初步研究

以普通朱雀的耗氧量为指标 ,探讨了普通朱雀的能量代谢特征。普通朱雀的热中性区为 2 6.7～3 7.5℃ ,最低标准代谢率为 4 .2 1mlO2 g·h ,最低热传导为 0 .2 4mlO2 g·h·℃。环境温度 (Ta)在 5～ 2 5℃范围内 ,其代谢率与Ta呈负相关 ,回归方程为SMR =8.74 -0 .1 7Ta ,体温稍有降低。Ta超过 3 7.5℃ ,SMR升高。     

黑腹绒鼠的代谢产热特征及其体温调节

为探讨东洋界华中区黑腹绒鼠的代谢产热特征及体温调节,本文采用封闭式流体压力呼吸仪对其代谢率、热传导和体温等热生物学指标进行了测定.结果显示:在环境温度为5～25℃的范围内,黑腹绒鼠的体温基本维持恒定,平均体温为36.5±0.1℃;热中性区为25～30℃;基础代谢率为2.99±0.09 ml O2/(g·h);环境温度(Ta)在5～25℃范围内,代谢率(MR)与Ta呈负相关,回归方程为:MR[ ml O2/(g·h)]= 6.56-0.16 Ta(℃),在此范围内,黑腹绒鼠的热传导率C最低,平均为0.26±0.01 ml O2/(g·h·℃).黑腹绒鼠的基本热生物学特征为:较高的BMR、热传导率和体温以及较宽的热中性区.     

北朱雀、燕雀和白腰朱顶雀的能量代谢特征和体温调节

本实验采用封闭式流体压力呼吸计 ,测定了环境温度在 5 - 34℃范围内北朱雀 (Carpodacusroseus)、燕雀 (Fringillamontifringilla)和白腰朱顶雀 (Acanthisflammea)的耗氧量、热传导、体温等指标 ,探讨了其代谢产热特征。结果表明 :在环境温度 (Ta)为 5 - 30℃的范围内 ,北朱雀的体温基本维持恒定 ,平均体温为4 0 4 6± 0 1 0℃ ,热中性区为 2 2 5 - 2 7 5℃ ,基础代谢率为 4 30± 0 0 8mlO2 /(g·h) ;环境温度在 5 - 2 0℃范围内 ,代谢率 (MR)与Ta 呈负相关 ,回归方程为MR [mlO2 /(g·h) ]=9 34- 0 2 1Ta (℃ ) ;在此范围内 ,北朱雀的热传导率最低且基本保持恒定 ,平均为 0 2 4± 0 0 0mlO2 /(g·h·℃ )。在环境温度为 5 - 34℃的范围内 ,燕雀的体温基本保持稳定 ,为 4 0 4 0± 0 1 1℃ ,热中性区为 2 5 - 30℃ ,基础代谢率为 4 1 9± 0 0 5mlO2 /(g·h) ;环境温度在 5 - 2 5℃范围内 ,MR与Ta 的回归方程为 :MR [mlO2 / (g·h) ]=1 1 6 4 - 0 2 9Ta (℃ ) ;在 5- 30℃内 ,燕雀的热传导最低 ,平均为 0 2 9± 0 0 1mlO2 / (g·h·℃ )。白腰朱顶雀的热中性区为 2 5 - 2 8℃ ,平均体温为 4 0 4 8± 0 1 1℃ (5 - 34℃ ) ,最低代谢率为 4 4 5± 0 1 4mlO2 / (g·h) ,最低热传导为 0 3     

笼养黑颈长尾雉和白颈长尾雉代谢产热特征及体温调节(英文)

采用封闭式流体压力呼吸仪,在5～35℃的环境温度范围内测定了黑颈长尾雉(Syrmaticushumiae)和白颈长尾雉(Syrmaticusellioti)的代谢率(MR)、热传导(C)和体温(Tb)等指标,探讨了其代谢产热特征。结果显示:黑颈长尾雉和白颈长尾雉的热中性区(TNZ)分别为24.5～31.6℃和23.0～29.2℃。在5～35℃的温度范围内,黑颈长尾雉和白颈长尾雉能保持稳定的体温,分别为(40.47±0.64)和(40.36±0.10)℃;在热中性区内,黑颈长尾雉和白颈长尾雉的平均基础代谢率(BMR)分别为(1.36±0.84)和(2.03±0.12)mLO2/(g.h),分别是体重预期值的77%和86%。在下临界温度以下,黑颈长尾雉和白颈长尾雉的最小热传导分别是(0.12±0.01)和(0.17±0.01)mLO2/(g.h.℃),分别是体重预期值的119%和124%。这两种鸟的生理生态学特征是:黑颈长尾雉和白颈长尾雉都具有较低的代谢率,较高的体温和热传导,能较好地适应南方湿热的气候特征。     

北小麝鼩的代谢产热和体温调节特征

为探讨食虫目小型哺乳动物的代谢产热和体温调节特征,本文采用封闭式流体压力呼吸仪测定了北小麝鼩在环境温度5 ～ 30℃下的静止代谢率(RMR),结果显示:在环境温度(Ta)为17 5 ～25℃ 的范围内,北小麝鼩的体温基本维持恒定,平均体温为36.55 ± 0.38℃ ;热中性区(TNZ) 为20 ～ 25℃ ;基础代谢率BMR 为5.46 ±0.23 (mLO₂ /g· h),其中环境温度在25℃ 时静止代谢率最低,为4.84 ± 0.39 (mLO₂ /g· h)。在5 ～ 25℃环境温度范围内,热传导值保持稳定;在此温度范围内,北小麝鼩的热传导率(C) 最低,平均为0.42 ± 0.01mLO₂ / (g·h·℃ )。总之,北小麝鼩的产热和体温调节特征为较高的BMR,中等的热传导率,较低的体温和较宽的热中性区。这些特征可能与该物种体型小、夜行性、主要以无脊椎动物为食等生活习性密切相关。     

鄂尔多斯高原库布齐沙地三趾跳鼠静止代谢率的季节变化

三趾跳鼠的代谢率存在季节性变化 ,春季的静止代谢率最低 (0 75mlO2 /h .g) ,仅为期望值的 6 4% ,热中性区最窄 (2 9～ 31℃ ) ;夏季的代谢率 (1 17mlO2 /h .g)与期望值一致 ,热中性区最宽 (2 8～ 37℃ ) ;秋季的代谢率 (1 31mlO2 /h .g)高于期望值 10 % ,热中性区向低温偏移 (2 6～ 30℃ )。三趾跳鼠各季节的体温从春季到秋季逐渐降低 ,并且在环境温度为 30℃以下时基本维持恒定 ,高温时动物以耐受一定程度的高体温和分泌唾液防止致死性过热。三趾跳鼠的能量代谢特征不仅与季节性食物和环境温度变化有关 ,而且与该鼠种的冬眠特性也有一定联系     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

鸡传染性法氏囊病病毒研究进展

传染性法氏囊病(Infection bursal disease, IBD)是由鸡传染性法氏囊病毒(Infectious bursal disease virus, IBDV)引起的鸡和火鸡的一种高度接触性传染病,给世界各国的禽养殖业带来了巨大损失.自IBDV发现至今新的变异株不断出现,分子结构的改变导致病毒致病力的改变及宿主对疫苗应答的改变,使得传统的疫苗已不能控制其流行,因此各国学者对其基因组结构和功能进行了广泛深入的研究,并积极研制新型有效的疫苗以达到防治的目的.     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).     

Enterovirus 71 3C proteolytically processes the histone H3 N-terminal tail during infection

Highlights
1. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 is specifically cleaved during EV71 infection.
2. Viral protease 3C is identified as a protease responsible for proteolytically processing the N-terminal H3 tail.
3. Our finding reveals a new epigenetic regulatory mechanism for Enterovirus 71 in virus-host interactions.