蛹虫草无性型深层培养液中纤溶酶的分离纯化和酶学性质研究

【目的】确立蛹拟青霉深层培养液中高纯度、高纤溶活性纤溶酶的分离纯化方法并测定其酶学性质。【方法】采用硫酸铵盐析、Sephadex G-25凝胶色谱、Phenyl-Sepharose HP疏水相互作用色谱、CM-Sepharose FF弱阳离子交换色谱和Superdex 75凝胶色谱对蛹拟青霉纤溶酶进行分离。用Lowry法测定蛋白质浓度,纤维蛋白平板法测定其纤溶活性,SDS-PAGE鉴定其纯度并确定其分子量,IEF法测定其等电点。【结果】研究发现,以蔗糖和豆饼为培养基主要基质时,蛹拟青霉深层培养可以产生至少两种纤溶酶。提纯后的纤溶酶Ⅱ比活力达到800.46 U/mg,总纯化倍数为30.07倍。纤溶酶Ⅱ的相对分子量和等电点分别为32 kD和9.3±0.2。纤溶酶Ⅱ是一种糖蛋白,总含糖量为0.98%(W/V)。该酶可以顺次降解人血纤维蛋白(原)的α、β和γ链。其最适作用pH及温度分别为7.4和41°C。Aprotinine与PMSF对该纤溶酶的活性完全抑制,推测此纤溶酶可能是一种丝氨酸蛋白酶。【结论】单一的高纤溶活性纤溶酶的获得和酶学性质的确定,为该酶开发成为新型溶栓药物提供了理论依据。     

一株产纤溶酶菌株的分离鉴定及其纤溶组分分析

【目的】筛选性能良好的产纤溶酶菌株,对菌株进行多项分类鉴定,分析其纤溶酶系的组成特征及纤溶能力。【方法】通过酪蛋白培养基初筛,琼脂-纤维蛋白双层平板复筛,从海泥、土壤等环境中筛选纤维蛋白降解菌,以尿激酶为标准测定纤溶酶活性。通过形态学、生理生化特征研究,结合16S rDNA基因序列分析菌株种类及系统分类地位。通过SDS-PAGE和纤维蛋白酶谱法分析胞外纤溶酶系的组成特征。【结果】筛选到一株能降解纤维蛋白的细菌CNY16,鉴定其为沙福芽孢杆菌(Bacillus safensis)。该酶为胞外酶,SDS-PAGE和纤维蛋白酶谱结果表明该纤溶酶系有至少两种分子量大小不同的纤溶酶,分别约33 kD和23 kD。能有效溶解血块中纤维蛋白,并且对红细胞无降解作用。【结论】细菌CNY16是一株新的纤溶酶产生菌,纤溶酶活性及稳定性较好,具有潜在开发价值。为获取新型纤溶酶提供了一种新的菌源。     

枯草芽孢杆菌BS-26菌株纤溶酶的性质分析及活性组分的分离纯化

[目的]溶栓疗法是血栓性疾病安全且有效的治疗手段,从微生物中寻找溶栓药物是一种理想有效的途径,枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)BS-26菌株发酵液具有很强的体外纤溶活性,本文分析了发酵液中纤溶酶的性质并对活性组分进行了分离纯化.[方法]利用纤维蛋白平板法检测纤溶酶活性,利用硫酸铵分级盐析、DEAE-Sepharose Fast Flow阴离子交换层析和聚丙烯酰胺制备电泳等方法,进行分离纯化.[结果]此菌株产生的纤溶酶在50℃以下和pH5.0～11.0范围内具有较好的稳定性,最适作用温度为42℃;最适pH值为9.0;Mg2 、Ca2 对此酶有明显的激活作用,而Cu2 能完全抑制酶的活性;174.2μg/mL的苯甲基磺酰氟、1000μg/mL的鸡卵类粘蛋白和1000μg/mL大豆胰蛋白酶抑制剂能完全抑制酶活性,初步说明此酶属于丝氨酸蛋白酶类;体外溶纤作用表明,该酶溶解纤维蛋白的方式是直接溶解,而不是通过激活纤溶酶原.从该菌株的发酵液中获得了一种纤溶酶组分,比活力达8750 U/mg,回收率为3.2%,所获得样品纯度相对于发酵液提高了41倍,该酶在SDS-PAGE中是单肽链蛋白,分子量为32 kDa.[结论]获得了一种纤溶酶的单一组分,为纤溶酶发酵产品的大规模纯化及进一步研制和开发新的溶栓药物提供重要理论依据.     

广西沿海裸体方格星虫纤维蛋白溶解酶的研究

采用离心、硫酸铵分级盐析、离子交换、凝胶过滤层析等方法进行分离纯化,从裸体方格星虫内脏得到纤维蛋白溶解酶(纤溶酶),SDS-PAGE聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳测定为单一组分,相对分子质量为33250;酶学分析结果最适反应温度约为45℃,最适反应pH值为7.5 Ba2+离子对该酶活力有一定的抑制作用,而Mg2+、Ca2+、K+、Na+和Ag+不影响该酶的活性。裸体方格星虫纤溶酶纤溶活性完全被苯甲基磺酰氟(PMSF)抑制,为丝氨酸蛋白酶;此外,裸体方格星虫纤溶酶具有直接溶解纤维蛋白和激活纤溶酶原的双重作用,对预防和治疗血栓性疾病具有一定的药用价值。     

重组枯草杆菌纤溶酶的酶学性质研究

对一种重组枯草杆菌纤溶酶 (rBSFE)的酶学性质进行了初步研究 ,结果表明 :酶作用最适温度为 35℃ ;最适反应pH为 8.0 ;酶活性能被PMSF抑制 ,是典型的丝氨酸蛋白酶。通过与尿激酶进行比较 ,发现该酶对纤维蛋白有直接降解作用 ,而对于纤维蛋白原的敏感性则低于尿激酶 ,提示该酶具有直接溶栓作用 ,又不致引起出血 ,是一种有潜力的新型溶栓剂。     

一株产纤溶酶芽孢杆菌的鉴定及纤溶酶的分离纯化与性质分析

摘要：【目的】从假蕈状芽孢杆菌B-60菌株中纯化具有纤溶活性的单一组分,测定它的N-端氨基酸序列进行比对,并对单一组分的性质进行分析。【方法】利用纤维蛋白平板法检测纤溶酶活性,利用硫酸氨分级沉淀和阴离子交换色谱从假蕈状芽孢杆菌B-60菌株中纯化纤溶酶。【结果】从该菌株的发酵液中获得了一组纤溶酶单一组分（BpFE）,它的表观分子量为34 kDa。它在4℃~50℃活性较稳定,50℃以上活性急剧下降;作用最适pH值为pH5~6,在pH5~10活性较稳定,在pH3.0,活性几乎丧失;金属离子Ca2+,Mg2+,M     

竹叶青Trimeresurus stejeegeri蛇毒凝血酶样酶的酶学性质研究

本文报道从竹叶青蛇毒中纯化的两个凝血酶样酶（组分Ⅰ和组分Ⅱ）的酶学性质研究。结果表明二者在体外都能使人纤维蛋白原转变为纤维蛋白,具有精氨酸酯酶活性,都能水解凝血酶专一性底物。纤维蛋白平板法证明组分Ⅰ具有激法纤溶作用;组分Ⅱ同时具有激活纤溶和直接纤溶作用;组分Ⅰ和组分Ⅱ能缓慢降解纤维蛋白原的α链,随着作用时间延长,组分Ⅰ还能进一步部分降解纤维蛋白原的β链,活性中心探讨表明,组分Ⅰ的活性中心由丝氨酸蛋白酶部位和糖基部位组成。组分Ⅰ水解BAEE的最适温度为50 ℃,最适pH为8.6。     

根霉12#发酵产生纤溶酶的酶学性质

溶栓疗法是血栓性疾病安全有效的治疗手段,开发新型纤溶酶具有实际应用意义.分离自南方小酒药的根霉12豆粕和麸皮为原料可产生纤溶酶.已采用盐析,疏水层析、离子交换层析和凝胶层析方法对纤溶酶分离提纯.提纯的纤溶酶比活力2143u/mg(尿激酶单位),有直接溶解血栓和激活纤溶酶原的双重溶栓作用,降解纤维蛋白α、β和γ肽链速度快;最适作用温度45℃,适宜作用pH范围6.8～8.8;等电聚焦方法测定该酶等电点8.5±0.1;只分解生色底物N-Succinvl-Ala-Ala-Pro-Phe-pNA,其米氏常数Km为O.23mmol/L,酶转换数Kcat为16.36 s-1;Molish实验和甲苯胺蓝实验均证明该酶为糖蛋白,地衣酚-硫酸法测得该酶含糖量4.70%;EDTA、PMSF、PCMB对该纤溶酶有抑制作用,说明活性中心含有巯基、金属和丝氨酸;N端12个氨基酸序列为NH2-Ser-Val-Ser-Glu-Ile-Gln-Leu-Met-His-Asn-Leu-Gly,与其它生物来源的纤溶酶相比较没有同源性.根霉12#产生的纤溶酶为新型纤溶酶,有希望开发成溶栓药物.     

竹叶青Trimeresurus stejnegeri蛇毒凝血酶样酶的酶学性质研究

本文报道从竹叶青蛇毒中纯化的两个凝血酶样酶(组分Ⅰ和组分Ⅱ)的酶学性质研究。结果表明二者在体外都能使人纤维蛋白原转变为纤维蛋白,具有精氨酸酯酶活性,都能水解凝血酶专一性底物。纤维蛋白平板法证明组分Ⅰ具有激活纤溶作用;组分Ⅱ同时具有激活纤溶和直接纤溶作用;组分Ⅰ和组分Ⅱ能缓慢降解纤维蛋白原的α链,随着作用时间延长,组分Ⅰ还能进一步部分降解纤维蛋白原的β链,活性中心探讨表明,组分Ⅰ的活性中心由丝氨酸蛋白酶部位和糖基部位组成。组分Ⅰ水解BAEE的最适温度为50℃,最适pH为8.6。     

蛇毒纤维蛋白（原）溶酶

在蝰亚科、蝮亚科和眼镜科等蛇毒中存在着一类能直接溶解纤维蛋白 (原 )的酶 ,称为纤维蛋白 (原 )溶酶 (简称纤溶酶 ) [1] 。 1 976年 ,Ｏｕｙａｎｇ等第一次从尖吻蝮蛇毒中分离纯化得到纤溶酶[2 ] 。这些纤溶酶可用于溶解在心肌梗塞、中风、血栓等期间形成的血凝块[1] 。作为一种潜在的强有力的抗栓药物 ,纤溶酶已成为蛇毒蛋白酶领域的一个研究热点。1 .蛇毒纤溶酶的分类蛇毒纤溶酶的分类方法主要有 3种 :第一种根据纤溶酶对纤维蛋白原 (ｆｉｂｒｉｎｏｇｅｎ ,Ｆｇ)的作用方式 ;第二种是根据纤溶酶的结构特点[3] ;第三种是根据纤溶酶的分…     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Enterovirus 71 3C proteolytically processes the histone H3 N-terminal tail during infection

Highlights
1. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 is specifically cleaved during EV71 infection.
2. Viral protease 3C is identified as a protease responsible for proteolytically processing the N-terminal H3 tail.
3. Our finding reveals a new epigenetic regulatory mechanism for Enterovirus 71 in virus-host interactions.     

Detection of EBV and HHV6 in the Brain Tissue of Patients with Rasmussen’s Encephalitis

Rasmussen’s encephalitis (RE) is a rare pediatric neurological disorder, and the exact etiology is not clear. Viral infection may be involved in the pathogenesis of RE, but conflicting results have reported. In this study, we evaluated the expression of both Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human herpes virus (HHV) 6 antigens in brain sections from 30 patients with RE and 16 control individuals by immunohistochemistry. In the RE group, EBV and HHV6 antigens were detected in 56.7% (17/30) and 50% (15/30) of individuals, respectively. In contrast, no detectable EBV and HHV6 antigen expression was found in brain tissues of the control group. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in 20.0% (6/30) of individuals. In particular, a 4-year-old boy had a typical clinical course, including a medical history of viral encephalitis, intractable epilepsy, and hemispheric atrophy. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in neurons and astrocytes in the brain tissue, accompanied by a high frequency of CD8⁺ T cells. Our results suggest that EBV and HHV6 infection and the activation of CD8⁺ T cells are involved in the pathogenesis of RE.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.