水曲柳幼苗根系吸收不同形态氮的动力学特征

采用常规耗竭法研究水曲柳幼苗根系吸收不同形态氮素特征的结果表明:二年生水曲柳幼苗根系对NO3-和NH4 离子的亲和力比一年生幼苗要小许多,二年生幼苗对氮素的吸收优势比较明显;苗木根系吸收NH4 离子的最大吸收速率(Imax)均大于对N03一的吸收,而米氏常数(Km)则相反;在低浓度范围内随着NO3-浓度的增加,根系吸收NO3-的速率增大并趋稳定:NH4 的存在明显抑制根系对NO3-吸收,其对一年生幼苗的影响大于二年生幼苗.     

应用~(15)N示踪法研究两种杨树叶片对PM_(2.5)中NH_4~+的吸收

NH4+等水溶性无机离子是细颗粒物(PM2.5)中的主要组成部分。本实验以毛白杨(Populus tomentosa)和欧美杨(Populus deltoids×Populus nigra)苗木为试材,应用15N示踪法研究2种表面结构不同的叶片对NH4+的吸收以及叶片吸收氮素后的运转和分配。结果表明:2种杨树在吸收叶面的15NH4+时存在明显差异,最大吸收速率均发生在处理后6 h,但毛白杨的最大吸收速率约为欧美杨的3倍;2种杨树叶片15N含量均在处理后24 h时达到峰值,而毛白杨叶片的15N含量约为欧美杨的4倍;叶片施用15N标记的硫酸铵溶液还可以显著增加2种杨树叶片氮素水平,处理7 d后毛白杨和欧美杨叶片全氮含量分别达到对照的1.26和1.36倍;植株各器官的氮素分配率(Ndff)值显示,功能叶吸收的氮素向植株上部和下部均有运输,毛白杨主要积累于茎部,而黑杨则将氮素运输至根系;处理7 d后叶片标记溶液的施用在不同程度上增强了2种杨树叶片的净光合速率,但对叶片的气孔导度无明显影响。     

空气 NH3增高和不同氮源供应下大叶相思叶片光合参数的变化

生长在空气 NH3增高下 45 d的 NOˉ3- N大叶相思植株 ,其光饱和光合速率较对照的植株高 ;而生长在空气 NH3增高下的 NH 4- N和 NH4 NO3- N的大叶相思 ,当光强在 70 0 μmol·m- 2 ·s- 1左右时 Pn 达到最大值 ,较对照植株的要高。而当光强 >70 0 μmol·m- 2·s- 1时 ,Pn 降低 ,且较生长在对照条件下的低。表明在空气 NH3增高下生长的 NH 4- N和 NH4 NO3- N植株 ,其净光合速率 Pn会受到强光抑制。空气 NH3增高并不明显改变光呼吸 ( Rd)和无光呼吸下的 CO2 补充点 (Γ* )。无论生长在何种氮源下的大叶相思 ,其最大Ru BP饱和羧化速率 ( Vcmax)和最大电子传递速率 ( Jmax)均较生长在对照植株的高 ( P<0 .0 5 ) ,其叶氮含量亦较高 ( P<0 .0 5 ) ,其碳氮比较对照的低。在空气 NH3增高下 ,无论何种氮源生长的大叶相思 ,其 PR和 PB明显高于对照的植株 ,表明大叶相思能从空气 NH3中摄取和同化氮 ,增加氮积累和有利于 Rubisco和电子传递组分的合成 ,增高光合速率。空气 NH3增高可能有利于 Rubisco和电子传递组分的合成 ,在较低光强下能增高光合速率。空气 NH3增高可能有利于退化生态系统的生态恢复过程中的氮积累和先锋植物的早期生长。     

水培硝态氮浓度对冬小麦幼苗氮代谢的影响

以Hoagland营养液为培养基质,以冬小麦为试材,动态测定高(含NO3--N15mmol·L-1)、中(含NO3--N7.5mmol·L-1)、低(含NO3--N2.5mmol·L-1)三种氮水平处理条件下硝态氮的吸收和累积、硝酸还原酶活性、铵态氮含量、小麦吸氮量及根系活力,分析不同供氮水平对冬小麦硝态氮吸收、还原、转运的影响,探讨不同供氮条件下,植物地上、地下部分硝态氮代谢的变化。结果表明:水培条件下,营养液NO3-的消耗量、pH变化、植株全氮以及根系活力均能较好地反映不同氮水平对植株硝态氮代谢的影响;高氮条件下植物体内NO3-进一步同化较中氮弱,冬小麦植株积累了较多的NO3-,而非过多的吸收营养液中的NO3-。不同氮浓度处理下,NO3-的供应与植株NRA间无相关关系,根系与地上部的变化曲线不同;NO3-供应浓度高时,植物地上部是主要同化部位;低浓度时根部是主要同化部位。虽然NO3-是一种安全的氮源,但供应过高则抑制体内硝态氮进一步同化,而供应过低,植物吸收NO3-量不足、根系活力下降,不利于小麦幼苗氮素营养。     

形态对不同小麦基因型氮素吸收的光合作用的影响

利用水培试验,研究了3个小麦基因型对不同形态N素吸收和积累的差异,结果表明,在不同N浓度优势,与次敏感型莱州953和钝感到江东门相比,敏感型扬麦158不仅具有较强的NO3^-和NH4^ 吸收能力,而且具有最强的增铵营养吸收能力,增铵营养促进了扬麦158和莱州953对NO3^-和NH4^ 的吸收,但在一定程度上抑制了江东门对NO3^-的吸收,与NO3^-营养及NH4^ 营养相比,增铵营养显著提高了杨表158和莱州953的全株、地上部N积累量和叶片合速率,而对江东门影响较小,因此,增铵营养促进了植株的N吸收,提高了N积累和光合速率,从而促进了小麦生长。     

田间大豆植株N2O通量的测定及光照的影响

采用封闭式箱法 ,在田间自然状况下对大豆植株N2 O通量进行了测定 .结果表明 ,在主要生育期内 ,大豆植株N2 O通量有 2个释放高峰 ,分别位于苗期和开花结荚期 .大豆植株N2 O通量的昼间变化模式基本上为上午有 1个释放高峰 ,而下午有一个释放低谷 .施肥和对照小区N2 O平均通量分别为 2 .2 7和 1 .2 8μgN2 Om- 2 ·h- 1 .在较强的光照条件下( 1 0 4 lx数量级 ) ,大豆植株N2 O通量较低 ,甚至可吸收大气中的N2 O ,而在较弱光照条件下( 1 0 3～ 1 0 2 lx数量级 ) ,大豆植株N2 O通量较高 .     

杨树人工林下根系的氮素循环与动态特征

研究了辽宁沈阳地区人工林杨树细根及林下草本植物根系的N循环、积累和动态变化特征。结果表明,杨树人工林分条件下活细根中N储量为20．3kg·h^-2,净积累量10kg·hm^-2,吸收量14．7kg·hm^-2,年存留量和归还量分别为9．6和5．1kg·hm^-2周转期4年,整个生长季节杨树细根中N含量与土壤中水解N、NH3-N无明显相关,杨树细根中N浓度与活细根生物量的变化趋势大体一致,两者呈显著正相关。根据杨树活细根中N含量可以估测杨树活细根生物量,该林分下的草本植物根系主要吸收NH3-N,草根中N含量浓度变化与土壤中NH3-N的变化趋势相同,两者呈显著正相关。     

大气O_3浓度升高对麦季土壤和植株氮磷钾的影响

以江都稻/麦轮作系统O3-FACE(ozone-free air concentration enrichment)为试验平台,研究了高浓度O3(比周围大气高50%)对麦季土壤和植株N、P、K含量的影响。结果表明:在小麦整个生长期,高浓度O3处理下,土壤NH4+-N、NO3--N和速效K含量分别降低了5.7%、3.6%和3.0%,土壤速效P含量提高了26.3%(P<0.05)。经高浓度O3处理后,小麦植株在拔节期体内K含量增加了28.4%(P<0.01);成熟期小麦植株各器官内N含量均降低,麦粒中P和K含量分别增加了6.5%和4.2%;指出大气O3浓度升高在整个小麦生长期内会促进小麦植株对N、K的吸收,同时提高小麦籽粒中K、P的含量,但降低了成熟期小麦植株N含量。     

UV-B辐射对香蕉光合作用和不同氮源利用的影响

生长在NO3^--N、NH4^--N和NH4NO3－N的香蕉叶片有相近似的最大光合速率,UV－B辐射引起生长在不同氮源的香蕉叶片光合速率、表现量子产率和光肥利用效率的降低。UV－B辐射使生长在不同氮源的植株叶面积干重和叶氮含是降低。生长在NH4^--N的植株Vcmax和Jmax均较生长在其它氮源的高。UV－B辐射引起生长在NH4^-N的植株Vcmax和Jmax降低较相同处理的NO3^-－N和NH4NO3－N植株明显,表明生长在NH4^ －N的香蕉对UV－B辐射更加敏感。UV－B辐射改变植株的叶片的碳氢比和碳氮比。经过UV－B辐射处理的NH4^ －N生长植株的碳氮生长在NO3^--N和NH4NO3－N的低。UV－B辐射可能改变植株对不同氮源的吸收利用,从而引起碳氮代谢和酸碱调节的变化。UV－B辐射降低叶氮在Rubisco和生物力能学组分的分配系数,可能使这些组分合成减少,使叶片光调节的变化。UV－B辐射降低叶氮在Rubisco和生物力能学组分的分配系数,可能使这些组分合成减少,使叶片光合速率下降。结果表明,生长在不同氮源的香蕉植树对UV－B辐射有不同响应,NH4^ -N有利于主要光合参数增高,但其对UV－B辐射亦最为敏感。氮供应受限制或植株生长在中性盐如NH4NO3－N则对UV－B辐射不甚敏感。     

麦棉套作复合根系群体对棉株氮素吸收与分配的影响

在盆栽麦棉套作条件下,于2003～2004年设置麦棉自然根系（麦棉根系和肥水均可相互通过）、麦棉纱网隔根（肥水可相互通过,麦棉根系不能相互通过）和麦棉塑膜隔根（麦棉根系和肥水均不能相互通过）3种麦棉根系处理,运用小麦叶片15N富积标记法和15N同位素稀释法,研究麦棉复合根系群体对棉花氮素吸收与分配的影响．结果表明,在麦棉套作群体中,既存在麦棉共处期小麦对棉花根区氮素的竞争,又存在小麦根区及其所吸收氮素向棉花的转移．棉花根系吸收的15N肥料大多分配到地上部,根系分配的量较少,且麦棉自然根系处理地上部的15N标记肥料氮的吸收率（NUR）最大,纱网隔根处理次之,塑膜隔根处理最少．在麦棉共处期,麦棉自然根系处理棉花的植株从15N标记肥料中吸收的氮占其全氮的百分率（Ndff）和NUR均低于隔根处理．至棉花初花期（小麦已收获,秸秆原位埋入土壤中）,麦棉自然根系处理棉花吸收的氮素主要来源于化学肥料而非秸秆降解物．棉株不同器官所分配的15N标记肥料比例不同,棉花生殖器官中15N含量明显高于其他器官．麦棉自然根系处理棉株生物量也高于隔根处理．     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Enterovirus 71 3C proteolytically processes the histone H3 N-terminal tail during infection

Highlights
1. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 is specifically cleaved during EV71 infection.
2. Viral protease 3C is identified as a protease responsible for proteolytically processing the N-terminal H3 tail.
3. Our finding reveals a new epigenetic regulatory mechanism for Enterovirus 71 in virus-host interactions.     

Detection of EBV and HHV6 in the Brain Tissue of Patients with Rasmussen’s Encephalitis

Rasmussen’s encephalitis (RE) is a rare pediatric neurological disorder, and the exact etiology is not clear. Viral infection may be involved in the pathogenesis of RE, but conflicting results have reported. In this study, we evaluated the expression of both Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human herpes virus (HHV) 6 antigens in brain sections from 30 patients with RE and 16 control individuals by immunohistochemistry. In the RE group, EBV and HHV6 antigens were detected in 56.7% (17/30) and 50% (15/30) of individuals, respectively. In contrast, no detectable EBV and HHV6 antigen expression was found in brain tissues of the control group. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in 20.0% (6/30) of individuals. In particular, a 4-year-old boy had a typical clinical course, including a medical history of viral encephalitis, intractable epilepsy, and hemispheric atrophy. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in neurons and astrocytes in the brain tissue, accompanied by a high frequency of CD8⁺ T cells. Our results suggest that EBV and HHV6 infection and the activation of CD8⁺ T cells are involved in the pathogenesis of RE.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.