花椒籽油的提取和组分分析

选用石油醚、无水乙醇、正己烷三种溶剂对花椒籽油进行索氏提取,结果青花椒籽油的得率分别为:5.34%、5.49%、4.80%;红花椒籽油的得率分别为:18.69%、24.41%、17.20%;红花椒籽油得率是青花椒籽油得率的3~4倍。花椒籽油经皂化后采用气相色谱-质谱联用法(GC-MS)分析不同溶剂提取的花椒籽油脂肪酸组分,并用峰面积归一化法测定各种组分相对含量。结果鉴定的主要组分为棕榈酸、棕榈油酸、油酸和亚油酸,这四种组分占95%以上;青花椒籽油中不饱和脂肪酸含量在83.43%以上;其中棕榈油酸占60%以上,油酸占20%左右,亚油酸占5%左右。红花椒籽油中不饱和脂肪酸含量在69%以下;其中棕榈油酸占12%余,油酸占40%左右,亚油酸占10%左右。而红花椒籽油中棕榈酸含量在30%左右,约是青花椒籽油中棕榈酸含量(11%左右)的3倍。     

土壤铜对凤丹籽油含量和成分的影响

高含量不饱和脂肪酸,特别是高含量亚麻酸是牡丹籽油品质的主要体现,但到目前为止,在凤丹传统栽培区（铜矿区）土壤铜含量是否影响牡丹籽油品质并没有被调查。本研究通过调查安徽省凤凰山-丫山30个凤丹（Paeonia ostii）栽培区土壤Cu元素含量和凤丹籽油组成,显示凤丹栽培区土壤铜含量为18.98~298.82 mg·kg^-1,变异系数为83.06%;凤丹籽油中棕榈酸、硬脂酸、油酸、亚油酸和亚麻酸5种主要脂肪酸含量分别为5.62%、1.89%、24.59%、29.76%、38.13%,变异系数在5.66~9.72,其中亚油酸变异系数最高为9.72;土壤和叶片中Cu含量与亚油酸和不饱和脂肪酸含量均存在明显的负相关性,与亚麻酸含量没有显著相关性;土壤和叶片中Cu含量呈显著正相关,r=0.778。以上表明以油用为目的的凤丹栽培应该避免土壤中铜含量过高影响牡丹籽油品质。     

凤丹籽油理化特性及脂肪酸GC-MS分析

凤丹,因产于安徽铜陵凤凰山而得名。采用索氏提取法提取得到凤丹籽油,并对其部分理化特性进行测定;经甲酯化处理后,应用气相色谱/质谱(GC-MS)联用仪分析鉴定其组分,采用峰面积归一化法确定各组分含量。结果表明:凤丹籽含油率为34.86%;凤丹籽油的相对密度(d204)0.91、酸值(KOH)3.85 mg/g、碘值(I)175.63 g/100 g、皂化值(KOH)113.66 mg/g、过氧化值2.91 meq/kg;凤丹籽油中共分离鉴定出21种组分,主要是亚油酸、亚麻酸、棕榈酸和硬脂酸等,不饱和脂肪酸占89.00%,饱和脂肪酸占10.77%;除脂肪酸外,还检测出少量的酚类和烷烃。凤丹籽油是一种高不饱和脂肪酸含量的油脂,可作为油脂新资源进行深度开发。     

不同种源黄连木种子形态特征及脂肪油品质的差异性分析

对10个种源黄连木(Pistacia chinensis Bunge)种子的形态特征、果实含油率、籽油的理化性质和脂肪酸成分及其相对含量进行了测定分析.结果表明,不同种源黄连木种子的形态特征有显著差异(P<0.05),黄连木种子的千粒莺29.22～39.90 g,种子长度4.47～5.17 mm,种子宽度4.15～4.92 mm,长宽比为1.02～1.13.不同种源黄连木果实各部分的含油率均有极显著差异(P<0.01),果实、果肉和种仁的平均含油率分别为29.61%～38.61%、40.38%～64.54%和44.81%～55.97%,以江西彭泽、陕西商洛和云南石林种源的黄连木果实含油率较高.不同种源黄连木籽油的理化性质差异极显著(P<0.01),各种源黄连木籽油的折射率为1.469 6～1.475 1、碘值为748～924 g·kg-1、酸值为9.7～79.7 mg·g-1、水分含量为0.12%～1.40%.从黄连木籽油中共检测出棕榈油酸、油酸、亚油酸、亚麻酸、棕榈酸、硬脂酸和花生酸等7种脂肪酸成分,其中不饱和脂肪酸的总相对含量高达73.97%～87.41%.综合分析结果显示,江西彭泽的黄连木种子大而饱满且含油率高,可作为生物柴油油料资源的优良种源;云南石林、安徽滁州和陕西商洛的黄连木籽油的不饱和脂肪酸含量较高,可作为食用油原料资源的适合种源.     

向日葵种质资源维生素E含量及相关变量的初步评价

维生素E是人和动物必需维生素.本文以20份向日葵种质资源为实验材料,通过对维生素E含量、含油率、皮壳率以及百粒重的测定及统计分析,试图了解向日葵种质资源中维生素E含量变异及相关数据.结果表明,在20份向日葵种质资源中,油葵的维生素E含量和含油率明显高于食葵;含油率与维生素E含量在0.01水平呈极显著正相关,含油率与百粒重在0.05水平呈显著负相关;百粒重与皮壳率在0.01水平呈极显著负相关.通过初步评价,发现3份富含天然维生素E的向日葵种质资源.     

香榧与油茶籽中脂肪酸成分的GC-MS分析

用石油醚提取香榧与油茶籽油,经过皂化、甲酯化处理,利用气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)联用技术对其脂肪酸组成进行了检测。研究结果表明:香榧籽油共检测出6种脂肪酸,油茶籽油中共检测出5种.均以油酸和亚油酸为主。其中,香榧籽油中二者占总量的67.91%.油茶籽油中二者占总量的51.38%.本文对比分析了香榧籽油和油茶籽油中脂肪酸的主要成分及含量,为这两种木本食用油的开发利用提供理论基础。     

气相色谱质谱联用技术对栝楼籽油亚麻酸和亚油酸含量的分析

通过皂化法和尿素包合法对热榨、冷榨栝楼（Trichosanthes kirilowii）籽油进行提取,采用气相色谱-质谱联用（GC-MS）技术检测分析栝楼籽油中亚麻酸、亚油酸成分、含量。结果表明,热榨栝楼籽油中亚麻酸相对含量为4.16%～11.58%,亚油酸相对含量为68.62%～95.84%。冷榨栝楼籽油中不含亚麻酸成分。此方法适用于栝楼籽油的成分分析。     

赤雹籽脂肪油化学成分的研究

对赤雹籽中的脂肪油进行分析,为寻找活性成分提供依据,方法：采用GC-MS-PC联用技术.结果：从赤雹籽脂肪油中分离得到51种化合物,鉴定了其中的16种,占检出总量的59.56%.脂肪油甲酯化物的主要成分为亚油酸甲酯,相对含量为33.85%.     

HPLC法分析油菜种子油中维生素E的组成与含量

利用HPLC法分析了50份遗传背景丰富的白菜型油菜、甘蓝型油菜、芥菜型油菜和芸芥种子油中维生素E的组成与含量.研究结果显示,油菜种子油中主要含α-生育酚和γ -生育酚,且a-生育酚、γ-生育酚和维生素E总量均存在明显的基因型差异,甘蓝型油菜种子油中维生素E含量总体水平最高,平均总量较高,为123.11 mg/100g油,维生素E含量最高的Omega,总量为144.73 mg/100g油,α/γ-生育酚比值最高可达0.77.α-生育酚、γ-生育酚和维生素E总量与类胡萝卜素含量均呈现显著负相关,种子油中α-生育酚与含油量呈现显著正相关,α-生育酚、γ -生育酚和维生素E总量与生育期均呈现显著或极显著正相关,α-生育酚和维生素E总量与株高均呈现显著正相关,维生素E总量与千粒重呈显著正相关,而α-生育酚、γ-生育酚和维生素E总量与全株角果数和每角粒数相关不显著.     

柴达木野生黑果枸杞营养成分分析

对柴达木野生黑果枸杞果实中的主要营养成分进行了分析,结果表明,黑果枸杞鲜果含水质量分数85.03%,其干果蛋白质量分数10.61%,脂肪6.66%,多糖4.28%,总黄酮质量分数4.29%,原花青素3.42%.果实含有γ-VE及δ-VE,每百克分别为0.0075和0.016 mg,从黑果枸杞籽中提取的构祀籽油维生素E含...     

白苏子和荠Lin子形态特征及其化学成分的研究

对白苏子和荠Lin子两种种子的脂肪油,氨基酸,矿质元素等化学成分进行分析,结果表明,两种种子均含有丰富的脂肪油,含量分别为40．18％和20．62％,其脂肪油的主要成分为：亚麻酸,亚油酸,油酸,棕榈酸,硬脂酸等,其中不饱和脂肪酸的含量分别为92．759％和92．990％,具有较高的营养价值,此外,还含有丰富的氨基酸和种类齐全的矿质元素,其种子形状大小,纹饰特征是两种种子鉴别的重要依据。     

白苏子和荠苧子形态特征及其化学成分的研究

对白苏子和荠苧子两种种子的脂肪油、氨基酸、矿质元素等化学成分进行分析 ,结果表明 :两种种子均含有丰富的脂肪油 ,含量分别为 4 0 .18%和 2 0 .6 2 % ,其脂肪油的主要成分为 :亚麻酸、亚油酸、油酸、棕榈酸、硬脂酸等 ,其中不饱和脂肪酸的含量分别为 92 .759%和 92 .990 % ,具有较高的营养价值。此外 ,还含有丰富的氨基酸和种类齐全的矿质元素。其种子形状大小、纹饰特征是两种种子鉴别的重要依据。     

薏苡仁油脂的微商热重分析

本文采用热重法比较了薏苡仁油与豆油的稳定性差异.结果表明,热稳定性及氧化稳定性顺序为氢化薏苡仁油>混合薏苡仁油>精炼薏苡仁油>精炼豆油,这主要取决于各自脂肪酸的组成.微商热重法简便、灵敏,还可用于鉴别薏苡仁油质量.     

细风轮菜种子化学成分研究

对细风轮菜种子化学成分的研究表明,种子含大量脂肪油(23.25%),油中含大量不饱和脂肪酸:亚麻酸(66.929%)、亚油酸(21.813%)、油酸(4.596%),总量达93.338%。此外,种子还含18种氨基酸和18种矿质元素。因此,种子和种子油具有较高营养价值和药用保健功效。     

Dietary flax seed oil and/or Vitamin E improve sperm parameters of cloned goats following freezing-thawing

Semen cryopreservation is affected by individual differences and use of clones animal from the same source is the main tool to eliminate genetic variation. Among many nutrients that are necessary for fertility, essential fatty acids and antioxidants are vital for production of healthy sperm by improving sperm membrane integrity and protecting sperm from oxidative stress. The goal of the current study was to investigate whether a flax seed oil or/and Vitamin E dietary supplementation could improve semen quality of cloned bucks following semen cryopreservation. Accordingly, eight adult cloned Bakhtiari bucks were divided randomly into four groups. Bucks were offered a base diet of hay and concentrate. The concentrate was enriched with flax seed oil, 30 gr/kg body weight/day (OIL), Vitamin E (VIT), 3 gr/kg body weight/day, or combined flax seed oil and the vitamin E (OIL-VIT). The concentrate with no supplements was considered as control group (CONT). Both flax seed oil and Vitamin E supplements were added to the total diet. The bucks were fed with their corresponding diets for a total of 9 weeks while sperm collection was carried out within 10–14 weeks. Ejaculates were diluted with Andromed^® and were frozen in liquid nitrogen. Sperm parameters and reactive oxygen species (ROS) contents were evaluated following freezing/thawing. According to the results of our study, dietary supplementation with flax seed oil, or/and Vitamin E can improve sperm motility, vitality and number of sperm with intact plasma membrane following freezing-thawing. But the degree of improvement in these parameters was significantly higher when Flax seed oil and vitamin E were co-supplemented.     

Influence of Meteorological Factors on Oil Content and Major Fatty Acids of Rapeseeds (Brassica napus L. )

1IntroductionOilseedrape(BrassicanapusL.)isthemostimportantsourceofedibleoil,andtheYangtzeRiverlowerbasinisthemaincultivationregioninChina.Duringlastdecade,winterrapeproduc-tionisincreasinginthecereal-growingregionsafterthericeharvest(Zhou,1994).Weathervari-ablessuchassolarradiation,temperature,precipitation,windandhumidityhavepronouncedef-fectsonrapegrowth,developmentandseedyield(Almondetal.1986).itisprobablethatahigh-ertemperatureduringvegetativegrowththanatmainfloweringandseedfillingprod…     

黄蜀葵种子形态及其化学成分的研究

本文报道了黄蜀葵种子的形态特征和化学成分。研究结果表明 :种子含有脂肪油 ,含量为31 16 % ,其主要成分为 :亚油酸 (82 179% )、油酸 (9 195 % )、棕榈酸 (4 75 6 % )、硬脂酸 (2 6 81% )、亚麻酸 (0 32 8% )等 ,此外 ,还含有 18种氨基酸和 2 4种矿质元素。其种子含有多种氨基酸和矿质元素 ,而且种子油含有大量人体所必需的不饱和脂肪酸 ,含量达 91 815 %。因此 ,其种子和种子油具有较高的营养价值和医疗保健功效 ,具有潜在开发利用的价值。     

Effects of dietary supplementation with sea buckthorn (Hippophaë rhamnoides) seed and pulp oils on atopic dermatitis

A placebo-controlled, double-blind study was conducted to investigate the effects of seed and pulp oils of sea buckthorn (Hipphophae rhamnoides) on atopic dermatitis. Linoleic (34%), alpha-linolenic (25%), and oleic (19%) acids were the major fatty acids in the seed oil, whereas palmitic (33%), oleic (26%), and palmitoleic (25%) acids were the major fatty acids in the pulp oil. The study group included 49 atopic dermatitis patients who took 5 g (10 capsules) of seed oil, pulp oil, or paraffin oil daily for 4 months. During follow-up dermatitis improved significantly in the pulp oil (P < 0.01) and paraffin oil (P < 0.001) groups, but improvement in the seed oil group was not significant (P = 0.11). Supplementation of seed oil increased the proportion of alpha-linolenic acid in plasma neutral lipids (P < 0.01), and increases of linoleic, alpha-linolenic, and eicosapentaenoic acids in plasma phospholipids were close to significant (0.05 < P < 0.1). Pulp oil treatment increased the proportion of palmitoleic acid (P < 0.05) and lowered the percentage of pentadecanoic acid (P < 0.01) in both plasma phospholipids and neutral lipids. In the seed oil group, after 1 month of supplementation, positive correlations were found between symptom improvement and the increase in proportions of alpha-linolenic acid in plasma phospholipids (Rs = 0.84; P = 0.001) and neutral lipids (Rs = 0.68; P = 0.02). No changes in the levels of triacylglycerols, serum total, or specific immunoglobulin E were detected. In the pulp oil group, a significant (P < 0.05) increase in the level of high density lipoprotein cholesterol, from 1.38 to 1.53 mmol/L was observed.     

Seed characteristics and fatty acid composition of castor (<i>Ricinus communis</i> L.) varieties in Northeast China

Oil content and fatty acid composition were investigated on 12 castor varieties and strains by using the soxhlet extraction method and capillary gas chromatography. This was made to provide a reference and theoretical basis for castorbean breeding with high oil content, determine variability of seed compounds for breeding purposes, and broaden chemical material choices. Results revealed that crude fat percentage in seeds ranged from 18.91 to 35.84% with an average of 25.91%; the absolute content of ricinoleic acid varied between 171.65 g/kg and 314.03 g/kg with an average of 222.43 g/kg, and kernel crude fat percentage was between 24.28 and 46.97% with an average of 34.30%. All these study variables were highest in the 2129 strain. The percentage of ricinoleic acid in crude fat was between 83.85 to 87.62%, and the highest value was found in the zhebi4 accession. The other fatty acids appeared in small concentrations, and showed small amplitude: 1.12 to 1.61%, 1.21 to 1.61%, 3.53 to 4.80%, 5.35 to 6.38%, 0.52 to 0.79%, 0.05 to 0.08% and 0.43 to 0.55%, for palmitic, stearic, oleic, linolic, linolenic, arachidic, and arachidonic acids, respectively. One hundred seed weight was determined for each accession. One hundred seed weight ranged from 25.7 g to 34.0 g with an average of 29.9 g. There was a significant correlation between seed weight and oil content, but the correlation value was low (r=0.51). Cluster analysis by SSPS based on the content of fatty acid composition revealed that the accessions were divided into three independent clusters. These findings will clearly provide useful information for further research in breeding and utilization of castor oil.