红葡萄酒对大鼠肝脏抗氧化酶和脂质过氧化的影响

选用雄性SD大鼠,分别灌胃红葡萄酒、酒精及水。实验90 d中每隔30 d处死一批动物,测定大鼠肝脏匀浆组织中的超氧化物歧化酶(Superoxide dismutase SOD)、过氧化氢酶(Catalase CAT)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(Glutathione peroxidase GSH-Px)活性和脂质过氧化产物丙二醛(Malondialdehyde MDA)含量变化。观察摄入红葡萄酒后大鼠肝脏抗氧化酶活性变化及对肝脏脂质过氧化的影响。结果表明,红葡萄酒能提高SOD活性,且SOD活性与灌胃时间、剂量有一定关系;长期红葡萄酒和酒精摄入可诱导CAT活性增强,加剧肝脏的脂质过氧化(LPO)作用;红葡萄酒组、酒精组0.63、1.25 g/kg剂量GSH-Px活性均明显升高(P<0.05),酒精组1.88 g/kg剂量有极显著性差异(P<0.01);试验初期,红葡萄酒大剂量显著降低肝脏中MDA的含量。试验中期,红葡萄酒中大剂量显著降低MDA含量。试验末期,红葡萄酒大剂量和酒精中大剂量显著升高肝脏中MDA含量。     

竹节参对大强度耐力训练大鼠心肌线粒体抗氧化能力的研究

目的:探讨竹节参对大强度耐力训练大鼠心肌线粒体抗氧化能力的影响,为该药运用于抗运动疲劳提供理论依据。方法:将大鼠随机分为安静对照组,大强度耐力训练组(训练组),大强度耐力训练+竹节人参组(训练加药组),测定心肌线粒体脂质过氧化产物丙二醛(MDA)和过氧化氢(H2O2)的含量以及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)的活性,研究竹节参对大强度耐力训练大鼠心肌线粒体的保护作用。结果:力竭运动引起大鼠心肌线粒体MDA、H2O2含量显著升高(P0.01),心肌线粒体抗氧化酶CAT、GSH-Px、SOD活性显著下降(P0.01);训练加药组大鼠心肌线粒体MDA、H2O2含量明显低于训练组(P0.01),CAT、GSH-Px、SOD活性明显高于训练组。结论:竹节参可明显提高大强度耐力训练大鼠心肌线粒体的抗氧化能力,保护心肌线粒体的氧化损伤。     

小茴香对肝纤维化大鼠脂质过氧化水平的影响

目的:研究小茴香对肝纤维化大鼠的脂质过氧化水平的影响。方法:取Wister大鼠100只,随机取12只设为正常组,其余采用四氯化碳(CCL4)复合因素法复制肝纤维化大鼠模型,复制成功后随机分为模型对照组、小茴香组和复方丹参组(n=12);相应药物干预8周后,镜检肝组织形态学改变;全自动生化分析仪检测外周血清丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)、天冬氨酸转氨酶(AST)水平与血清总蛋白(TP)、白蛋白(ALB)含量;生化法检测肝组织羟脯氨酸(HYP)与血清丙二醛(MDA)含量及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-PX)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性。结果:HE结果显示:模型组肝脏炎症与脂肪变性明显,经小茴香干预后明显改善。生化检测结果显示:与正常组比较,模型组ALT、AST水平显著升高(P<0.05),TP、ALB含量显著降低(P<0.05),HYP、MDA含量显著增加(P<0.05),而SOD、GSH-PX和CAT活性显著降低(P<0.05);与模型组比较,小茴香组ALT、AST水平显著下降(P<0.05),TP、ALB水平显著升高(P<0.05);HYP、MDA含量显著降低(P<0.05),SOD、GSH-PX和CAT活性显著提高(P<0.05)。结论:小茴香的抗肝纤维化作用可能与调节大鼠脂质过氧化水平有关。     

辐射所致小鼠肾脏氧化损伤及川芎嗪的保护作用

目的:研究川芎嗪对辐射所致小鼠肾脏氧化损伤的预防和治疗作用。方法:采用60Co-γ射线5 Gy全身单次照射小鼠造模,在照射前和照射后分别于每天腹腔注射川芎嗪130 mg/kg,连续给药10 d,进行预防和治疗,并设对照组,观察肾组织中丙二醛(MDA)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)及总抗氧化力(T-AOC)的变化。结果:与阴性对照组比较,照射可显著增加肾组织中MDA的含量(P<0.05),降低SOD、CAT的活性(P<0.05),升高GSH-Px活性(P<0.05),降低GSH含量(P<0.05),使肾组织T-AOC下降(P<0.05),。与照射组比较,给予川芎嗪预防和治疗后,均可降低肾组织MDA含量(P<0.05),升高肾组织T-AOC(P<0.05),且治疗组优于预防组,与阴性对照组无显著性差异。同时,预防组可使SOD活性和GSH含量升高(P<0.05),治疗组可使SOD和CAT活性增高(P<0.05),但均对GSH-Px活性无显著影响(P>0.05)。结论:川芎嗪具有很好的抗氧化作用,无论预防和治疗均可降低辐射所致小鼠肾脏的氧化应激损伤,并且治疗效果优于预防效果。     

热休克对家蚕幼虫抗氧化酶活性的影响

热休克诱导各龄蚕组织中的SOD、CAT活性显著升高,如40℃诱导活性最高,CuZn-SOD和Mnop活性也都增加．40℃诱导GSH-Px活性显著升高,而36℃热休克诱导GSH-Px活性降低．幼蚕各部位的抗氧化酶活性存在很大的差异,以胸腹部最高,头部次之,后丝腺最低．热休克对抗氧化酶活性的影响,与幼蚕的生理状态相适应．通过SOD、CAT、GSH-Px协同作用,有助于维持机体正常生理机能．     

脂氧素A_4受体激动剂BML-111对大鼠肝纤维化模型氧化/抗氧化平衡的影响

该文探讨了脂氧素A4受体激动剂BML-111[5(S),6(R),7-trihydroxyheptanoic acid methyl ester]对四氯化碳(carbon tetrachloride,CCl4)诱导的大鼠肝纤维化模型氧化和抗氧化平衡的影响。40只SD(Sprague-Dawley)大鼠皮下注射40%CCl4以建立肝纤维化模型,干预处理为在不同时间段皮下注射1 mg/kg BML-111。经不同的方式处理过的40只SD大鼠被分为4组,分别为对照组、CCl4组、治疗组和预防组。通过观察肝脏表面的颜色、光滑度及结节确定大鼠肝纤维化程度;通过病理组织切片HE(hematoxylin-eosin)染色对大鼠肝脏损伤和炎症细胞浸润情况进行评估;通过检测肝组织匀浆中丙氨酸转氨酶(alanine transaminase,ALT)和天冬氨酸转氨酶(aspartate transaminase,AST)活性进行评价大鼠肝功能情况;通过检测肝组织中脂质氧化产物丙二醛(malondialdehyde,MDA)含量、抗氧化酶如谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(glutathione peroxidase,GSH-Px)、超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)和过氧化氢酶(catalase,CAT)活性以及肝组织中总抗氧化能力(total antioxidative capacity,T-AOC)对大鼠体内氧化/抗氧化平衡状态进行评价。结果显示,CCl4组大鼠肝脏颜色明显偏黄,表面失去光滑,结节化程度最严重;BML-111预防或治疗后,其症状明显改善。BML-111可以抑制CCl4诱导的大鼠肝脏损伤和炎症细胞浸润。CCl4组肝组织匀浆液中ALT和AST活性明显降低;BML-111能够提高ALT和AST的活性(P0.05)。CCl4组MDA含量明显升高,而GSHPx、SOD和CAT的活性降低,总抗氧化能力T-AOC下降。BML-111预防或治疗处理后,MDA含量明显下降(P0.05),T-AOC增强(P0.05),GSH-Px、CAT和SOD的活性均明显回升(P0.05)。由此可知,BML-111可以抑制CCl4诱导的大鼠肝纤维化,此效应与其调节肝组织的氧化/抗氧化平衡相关。     

甲亢大鼠肝脏组织中HO-1、Fn及肾脏组织中的抗氧化酶活性的变化分析

为了研究甲亢大鼠肝脏组织中血红素加氧酶1 (HO-1)、铁蛋白(Fn)及肾脏组织中抗氧化酶活性的变化及其意义,本研究选取了36只SD雌性成年大鼠,采用随机数字表法分为甲亢组、对照组。采用优甲乐灌胃造模,通过RT-PCR法检测两组大鼠肝脏组织中HO-1 mRNA、Fn mRNA (含有H和L两种亚基)的表达水平,测定肾脏组织中丙二醛(MDA)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)、过氧化物歧化酶(SOD)的水平并进行比较。研究结果发现,甲亢组大鼠的血清三碘甲状腺素(T3)、甲状腺素(T4)水平显著的高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(p0.05);甲亢组大鼠血清促甲状腺激素(TSH)水平显著的低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(p0.05);甲亢组大鼠的肝脏组织中HO-1 mRNA、Fn-H mRNA表达水平显著的高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(p0.05);甲亢组大鼠肝脏组织中Fn-L mRNA表达水平显著的低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(p0.05);甲亢组大鼠肾脏组织中MDA的水平显著的高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(p0.05);甲亢组大鼠肾脏组织中CAT、GSH-Px、SOD的水平显著的低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(p0.05)。本研究表明,甲亢会导致大鼠肝脏铁蛋白含量水平的增加,引起HO-1表达升高,同时通过氧化应激对肾脏造成损伤。     

异源副粘病毒感染对雏鸭血清抗氧化酶活性的影响

以雏鸭为试验对象,研究不同来源的副粘病毒感染对雏鸭血清中抗氧化酶活性的影响。选择20日龄健康雏鸭100只,随机分成Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组,Ⅰ组为对照组,皮下注射0.5 mL/只生理盐水,Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组分别皮下注射0.5 mL/只稀释的鸡源、鹅源及鸭源副粘病毒SPF胚液。分别在攻毒后7、14、21、28 d时,随机抽取Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组雏鸭各5只进行血液采集与血清分离,测定雏鸭血清中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)及丙二醛(MDA)的活性与含量,研究异源副粘病毒感染对雏鸭血清中抗氧化酶活性的影响,以及脂质过氧化程度与抗氧化酶活性的变化趋势。结果表明,在攻毒后不同时间内,感染异源副粘病毒的雏鸭血清中的SOD、CAT、GSH-Px活性和MDA活性与含量变化显著不同,揭示异源副粘病毒对雏鸭血清自由基代谢产生了不同程度影响,脂质过氧化程度与SOD、GSH-Px活性密切相关。     

矢车菊素-3-葡萄糖苷对重金属镉胁迫后大鼠氧化损伤的缓解作用

为研究矢车菊素-3-葡萄糖苷(Cy-3-glu)对重金属镉胁迫后的脂质过氧化和氧化应激反应的缓解作用,将雄性SD大鼠随机分成4组(每组5只)分别灌服Cy-3-glu(100、200 mg·kg-1),同时腹腔注射重金属镉(Cd),收集组织样本进行测定。结果显示,灌服Cy-3-glu的SD大鼠能明显缓解由重金属镉胁迫导致的大鼠体重下降,并且肝脏、肾脏、睾丸等脏器指数随Cy-3-glu剂量的升高而呈显著或极显著上升;Cy-3-glu能显著改善由重金属镉引起的肝脏ROS、MDA含量升高;抗氧化酶系活性也随之发生改变,Cy-3-glu(200 mg·kg-1)保护组能够显著提高大鼠SOD酶活,但对于POD、CAT酶活性并未表现一定的量效关系。表明Cy-3-glu可以使肝脏的抗氧化潜力明显恢复,通过清除自由基、缓解脂质过氧化、激活相关抗氧化酶活性,从而降低机体的ROS、MDA含量,缓解由重金属镉引起的大鼠肝脏氧化应激反应,发挥保护作用。     

黄连素对高脂血症大鼠降血脂及抗氧化作用

目的:研究黄连素对高脂血症大鼠的降脂作用和抑制肝脏脂质过氧化的作用。方法:随机抽取10只大鼠作为对照组,其余大鼠制作大鼠高血脂模型。成模大鼠随机分为模型组,黄连素低、中、高剂量组和血脂康组,每组10只。各给药组大鼠每天一次给予相应药物灌胃,连续30 d。观察黄连素对高脂血症大鼠血清中总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL)、高密度脂蛋白(HDL)的影响和肝组织二脂酰甘油酰基转移酶(DGAT),羟甲基戊二酸单酰辅酶A(HMG-Co A),胆固醇7α-羟化酶(CYP7A),肝脏甘油三脂脂肪酶(HTGL)以及脂质过氧化产物丙二醛(MDA)含量、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)与谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性的影响。结果:与正常组比较,高脂血症组大鼠的肝脏系数、TC、TG、LDL-C、DGAT、HMG-Co A和MDA显著升高(P0.01),HDL-C、CYP7A、HTGL、SOD和GSH-Px显著降低(P0.01)。与高脂血症组比较,黄连素中、高剂量组和血脂康组大鼠肝脏系数、TC、TG、LDL-C、DGAT、HMG-Co A和MDA明显减低(P0.01),HDL-C、CYP7A、HTGL、SOD和GSH-Px显著升高(P0.01);黄连素低剂量组TC、TG、LDL-C、DGAT、HMG-Co A和MDA含量显著降低(P0.05;P0.01),CYP7A和HTGL显著升高(P0.01)。结论:黄连素可降低高血脂大鼠的血脂水平,抑制肝脏脂质过氧化过程,减少肝脏损伤。     

雨生红球藻对大鼠运动性心肌损伤的保护作用

目的：研究雨生红球藻对长时间、大强度运动导致的大鼠运动性心肌损伤的保护作用。方法：以大强度耐力训练大鼠为模型,将65只42 d龄雄性SPF级Wistar大鼠随机分为5组：安静组（C组）、运动对照组（M组）、运动+雨生红球藻低剂量组（HM I组）、运动+雨生红球藻中剂量组（HM Ⅱ组）、运动+雨生红球藻高剂量组（HM Ⅲ组）,每组12只（剔除不符合实验要求的大鼠5只）。雨生红球藻组剂量分别为0.067,0.133,0.4 g/kg,体积为5 ml/kg,每天灌胃（ig）1次,其他组ig等量生理盐水。游泳训练42 d后,测定血清谷丙转氨酶（ALT）等心肌损伤标志物含量、心肌超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性、丙二醛（MDA）含量,血清、心肌内皮素（ET）及降钙素基因相关肽（CGRP）含量等相关生化指标。结果：血清ALT、乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）、肌酸激酶（CK）、a-羟丁酸脱氢酶（a-HBDH）、心肌MDA、血清与心肌ET含量,M组较C组显著升高（P<0.05或P<0.01）。心肌SOD活性、血清与心肌CGRP含量,M组较C组显著降低（P<0.05）。血清ALT （P<0.01）、LDH （P<0.01）、CK （P<0.05或P<0.01）含量,HM各组较M组均有所降低,组间无差异,且随剂量增加而递减。血清a-HBDH、ET、心肌ET含量,HM各组较M组均有所降低（P<0.05或P<0.01）,且组间随剂量增加而递减;HM Ⅲ组较HM I组显著降低（P<0.05）。心肌MDA含量,HM各组较M组均显著降低（P<0.05或P<0.01）,且组间随剂量增加而递减;HM Ⅱ、HM Ⅲ低于HM I组（P<0.01）。心肌SOD活性,HM各组较M组均有所升高（P<0.05或P<0.01）,且组间随剂量增加而递增;HM Ⅱ、HM Ⅲ高于HM I组（P<0.01）。血清与心肌CGRP含量,HM各组较M组显著升高（P<0.05或P<0.01）,且各组组间随剂量增加而递增;HM Ⅲ组较HM I组显著升高（P<0.05）。结论：不同剂量雨生红球藻可有效地清除机体长时间、大强度运动产生的过量自由基;提高机体免疫力,增强血管cNOS活性,保证ET和CGRP浓度的相对平衡,从而阻止心肌脂质过氧化作用和心肌损伤。其中以高剂量组效果为最好。     

紫檀芪调节Keap-1/Nrf2/HO-1信号通路对非酒精性脂肪肝大鼠氧化应激和细胞凋亡的影响

摘要 目的：研究紫檀芪调节Kelch样ECH关联蛋白1（Keap-1）/核因子E2相关因子2（Nrf2）/血红素加氧酶-1（HO-1）信号通路对非酒精性脂肪肝（NAFLD）大鼠氧化应激和细胞凋亡的影响。方法：将60只SD大鼠随机分为对照组、模型组、紫檀芪低剂量组（30 mg/kg）、紫檀芪高剂量组（60 mg/kg）、紫檀芪（60 mg/kg）+N-（4-（2,3-二氢-1-（2''-甲基苯甲酰）-1H-吲哚-5-基）-5-甲基-2-噻唑基）-1,3-苯并二氧唑-5-乙酰胺（ML385）（30 mg/kg）组，每组12只。模型组与药物干预组大鼠以高脂饲料饲养诱导NAFLD模型，对照组大鼠以普通饲料饲养，各组连续喂养12周。以紫檀芪和ML385分组处理14 d后（对照组以等剂量生理盐水处理），检测各组大鼠脂代谢指标[三酰甘油（TG）、总胆固醇（TC）及游离脂肪酸（FFA）水平]、肝指数、肝功能指标[谷丙转氨酶（ALT）及谷草转氨酶（AST）]水平、血清白细胞介素（IL）-17、IL-6、IL-10、氧化应激指标[丙二醛（MDA）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）及过氧化氢酶（CAT）]水平；原位末端标记法（TUNEL）染色检测各组大鼠肝细胞凋亡率；蛋白免疫印迹法检测各组大鼠肝组织凋亡相关蛋白及Keap-1/Nrf2/HO-1通路相关蛋白表达。结果：与对照组相比，模型组大鼠血清IL-10、SOD及CAT水平、肝组织Nrf2、HO-1、Bcl-2表达水平显著降低（P＜0.05），TG、TC及FFA水平、肝指数、ALT及AST水平、血清IL-17、IL-6、MDA水平、肝细胞凋亡率、肝组织Keap-1及Bax表达水平显著升高（P＜0.05）。与模型组相比，紫檀芪低、高剂量组大鼠血清IL-10、SOD及CAT水平、肝组织Nrf2、HO-1、Bcl-2表达水平均升高（P＜0.05），TG、TC及FFA水平、肝指数、ALT及AST水平、血清IL-17、IL-6、MDA水平、肝细胞凋亡率、肝组织Keap-1、Bax表达水平均降低（P＜0.05）；与紫檀芪低剂量组相比，紫檀芪高剂量组大鼠血清IL-10、SOD及CAT水平、肝组织Nrf2、HO-1、Bcl-2表达水平升高（P＜0.05），TG、TC及FFA水平、肝指数、ALT及AST水平、血清IL-17、IL-6、MDA水平、肝细胞凋亡率、肝组织Keap-1及Bax表达水平降低（P＜0.05）；与紫檀芪高剂量组相比，紫檀芪+ML385组大鼠血清IL-10、SOD及CAT水平、肝组织Nrf2、HO-1、Bcl-2表达水平降低（P＜0.05），TG、TC及FFA水平、肝指数、ALT及AST水平、血清IL-17、IL-6、MDA水平、肝细胞凋亡率、肝组织Bax表达水平升高（P＜0.05）。结论：紫檀芪可能通过激活Keap-1/Nrf2/HO-1信号通路，改善NAFLD大鼠脂代谢水平，调节炎症反应及氧化应激，减轻肝组织脂肪变性及细胞凋亡。     

小茴香对肝纤维化大鼠脂质过氧化水平的影响

目的：研究小茴香对肝纤维化大鼠的脂质过氧化水平的影响。方法：取Wister大鼠100只,随机取12只设为正常组,其余采用四氯化碳（CCL4）复合因素法复制肝纤维化大鼠模型,复制成功后随机分为模型对照组、小茴香组和复方丹参组（n=12）;相应药物干预8周后,镜检肝组织形态学改变;全自动生化分析仪检测外周血清丙氨酸转氨酶（ALT）、天冬氨酸转氨酶（AST）水平与血清总蛋白（TP）、白蛋白（ALB）含量;生化法检测肝组织羟脯氨酸（HYP）与血清丙二醛（MDA）含量及超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH—PX）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性。结果：HE结果显示：模型组肝脏炎症与脂肪变性明显,经小茴香干预后明显改善。生化检测结果显示：与正常组比较,模型组ALT、AST水平显著升高（P〈0．05）,TP、ALB含量显著降低（P〈O．05）,HYP、MDA含量显著增加（P〈0．05）,而SOD、GSH—PX和CAT活性显著降低（P〈0．05）;与模型组比较,小茴香组ALT、AST水平显著下降（P〈0．05）,TP、ALB水平显著升高（P〈0．05）;HYP、MDA含量显著降低（P〈0．05）,SOD、GSH—PX和CAT活性显著提高（P〈0．05）。结论：小茴香的抗肝纤维化作用可能与调节大鼠脂质过氧化水平有关。     

Effect of samh seeds supplementation (Mesembryanthemum forsskalei Hochst) on liver enzymes and lipid profiles of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic Wistar rats

Thirty streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic of Wistar Albino rats were divided into five groups. The rat groups received different food (natural diet or high fat content diet) supplemented with 10% or 15% of samh seeds for 6 weeks. At the end of the study, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phophatase (ALP) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) enzymes have been measured in diabetic rats liver. In addition, liver lipid profile (total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TAG), lipid peroxide production malondialdehyde (MDA)) and reduced glutathione (GSH) in have been measured in diabetic rats liver, and the levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) were also determined. The samh seeds diet supplemented with cholesterol significantly increase (P < 0.05) the levels of liver peroxide production MDA, TC and TG in diabetic rats comparing to the samh diet not supplemented with the cholesterol. However, the samh seeds significantly decrease (P < 0.05) the level of GSH. These data suggest that the samh seeds diet not supplemented with the cholesterol regulated C and TG metabolism and decrease the lipid peroxidation in the diabetic rats.     

Acute liver damage induced by 2-nitropropane in rats: effect of diphenyl diselenide on antioxidant defenses

The effect of post-treatment with diphenyl diselenide on liver damage induced by 2-nitropropane (2-NP) was examined in male rats. Rats were pre-treated with a single dose of 2-NP (100 mg/kg body weight dissolved in canola oil). Afterward, the animals were post-treated with a dose of diphenyl diselenide (10, 50 or 100 micromol/kg). The parameters that indicate tissue damage such as liver histopathology, plasma aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), urea and creatinine were determined. Since the liver damage induced by 2-NP is related to oxidative damage, lipid peroxidation, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and ascorbic acid level were also evaluated. Diphenyl diselenide (50 and 100 micromol/kg) effectively restored the increase of ALT and AST activities and urea level when compared to the 2-NP group. At the higher dose, diphenyl diselenide decreased GGT activity. Treatment with diphenyl diselenide, at all doses, effectively ameliorated the increase of hepatic and renal lipid peroxidation when compared to 2-NP group. 2-NP reduced CAT activity and neither alter SOD activity nor ascorbic acid level. This study points out the involvement of CAT activity in 2-NP-induced acute liver damage and suggests that the post-treatment with diphenyl diselenide was effective in restoring the hepatic damage induced by 2-NP.     

Myocardial antioxidant status and oxidative stress after combined action of exercise training and ethanol in two different age groups of male albino rats

The interaction of exercise training and ethanol on the myocardial antioxidant enzymes and the oxidative stress markers was investigated in the Wistar strain male albino rats. We also tested the interactive effects of exercise training and ethanol on the age-associated free radical production and antioxidant defense system. We found a significant decrease (p<0.05) in the activity levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) in the myocardium of old rats when compared to young rats by 26% and 58%, respectively, suggesting the onset of age-dependent decrease in the myocardial antioxidant enzyme system. In contrast to the decreased antioxidant enzyme activity, xanthine oxidase (XOD) and lipid peroxidation (LPO) levels were elevated, suggesting the age-induced oxidative stress. Exercise training significantly (p < 0.05) elevated the activities of SOD, CAT, XOD and LPO levels in both the age groups of animals. Ethanol consumption significantly lowered the SOD and CAT activities in both the age groups, whereas a significant increase was observed in the XOD and LPO levels. In contrast, the combination of exercise training plus ethanol lowered XOD and LPO levels in both the age groups of rats compared to ethanol treated rats. A significant (p < 0.05) increase in the activities of SOD and CAT was reported in the rats treated with the combination of exercise training plus ethanol. This increase was more pronounced in the younger rats than the older rats. The findings of the present investigation on the potential role of antioxidant enzymes to counter the ethanol-induced pro-oxidants showed an increase with the interaction of exercise training. With age, a decrease in the antioxidant enzyme capacity was observed. This reveals that the old age rats were more affected to the pro-oxidants when compared to the young age rats. In conclusion it is demonstrated that two months treadmill endurance exercise training is beneficial to both young and old rats in improving antioxidant defense to challenge the oxidative stress in the myocardial tissue and thereby successfully countering the free radical production due to ethanol intoxication.     

Anticancer potential of rhamnocitrin 4′-β-d-galactopyranoside against N-diethylnitrosamine-induced hepatocellular carcinoma in rats

The hepatoprotective activity of flavonoid rhamnocitrin 4′-β-d-galactopyranoside (RGP) obtained from leaves of Astragalus hamosus L. against N-diethylnitrosamine (DENA)-induced hepatic cancer in Wistar albino rats was evaluated. Hepatic cancer in rats was induced by single-dose intraperitoneal administration of DENA (200 mg/kg). Induction of hepatic cancer was confirmed after 7 days of DENA administration by measurement of elevated level of serum α-feto protein (AFP). Administration of DENA in a single dose lofted the levels of serum biochemical parameters like alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, total bilirubin, total protein and AFP. Antioxidant enzymes like superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and lipid per oxidation (LPO) were annealed significantly by administration of RGP in a dose-dependant manner. The histopathological examination of rat liver section was found to reinforce the biochemical observations significantly. It was observed that a substantial and dose-dependent reversal of DENA-diminished activity of antioxidant enzymes like SOD, CAT, GPx, GST and the reduced DENA-elevated level of LPO with a marked change. Any elevation in the levels of serum markers along with suppression of free radical formation by scavenging the hydroxyl radicals is significantly prevented by RGP. It also modulates the levels of LPO and perceptibly increases the endogenous antioxidant enzymes level in DENA-induced hepatocellular carcinogenesis. The findings suggest that RGP prevents hepatocellular carcinoma by suppressing the marked increase in the levels of serum marker enzymes, and suppresses the free radical by scavenging hydroxyl radicals.     

Lipid peroxidation and scavenger enzymes during exercise: adaptive response to training

This study was designed to determine whether endurance training would influence the production of lipid peroxidation (LI-POX) by-products as indicated by malondialdehyde (MDA) at rest and after an acute exercise run. Additionally, the scavenger enzymes catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were examined to determine whether changes in LIPOX are associated with alterations in enzyme activity both at rest and after exercise. Male Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 32) were randomly assigned to either trained or sedentary groups and were killed either at rest or after 20 min of treadmill running. The training program increased oxidative capacity 64% in leg muscle. After exercise, the sedentary group demonstrated increased LIPOX levels in liver and white skeletal muscle, whereas the endurance-trained group did not show increases in LIPOX after exercise. CAT activity was higher in both red and white muscle after exercise in the trained animals. Total SOD activity was unaffected by either acute or chronic exercise. These data suggest that endurance training can result in a reduction in LIPOX levels as indicated by MDA during moderate-intensity exercise. It is possible that activation of the enzyme catalase and the increase in respiratory capacity were contributory factors responsible for regulating LIPOX after training during exercise.     

Influence of olive and rosemary leaves extracts on chemically induced liver cirrhosis in male rats

The current study was undertaken to evaluate the protective activity of olive and rosemary leaves extracts on experimental liver cirrhosis induced by thioacetamide (TAA) in Wistar male rats. Highly significant decline in the values of body weight gain and highly statistically increase of liver/body weight ratio were noted in rats treated with TAA. Furthermore, the levels of serum alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, gamma glutamyl transferase, alkaline phosphatase and total bilirubin were statistically increased. Additionally, light microscopic examination of liver sections from rats treated with TAA showed a marked increase in the extracellular matrix collagen content and bridging fibrosis was prominent. There were bundles of collagen surrounding the lobules that resulted in large fibrous septa and distorted tissue architecture. Interestingly, the findings of this experimental study indicated that the extracts of olive and rosemary leaves and their combination possess hepatoprotective properties against TAA-induced hepatic cirrhosis by inhibiting the physiological and histopathological alterations. Moreover, these results suggest that the hepatoprotective effects of these extracts may be attributed to their antioxidant activities.