腾冲嗜热厌氧杆菌tte0732基因的表达及生物信息学分析

腾冲嗜热厌氧杆菌tte0732(Galu)基因编码的TTE0732是温度依赖性蛋白。为研究其在热适应中的作用,应用PCR技术克隆腾冲嗜热厌氧菌tte0732基因,构建原核表达载体pET-28a::tte0732并在大肠埃希菌BL21表达TTE0732;通过qRT-PCR分析tte0732基因在50、60、75和80℃的RNA表达量;应用生物信息学软件分析Galu在嗜热菌和常温菌中编码氨基酸的基本理化性质。成功构建了原核表达载体pET-28a::tte0732并在大肠埃希菌BL21中得到高效表达,TTE0732分子质量大小为35 ku,主要以可溶性形式存在;qRT-PCR显示tte0732 mRNA在75和80℃高表达;生物信息学分析得出tte0732基因完整的ORF全长909 bp,编码302个氨基酸,其中Ile(I)、Leu(L)含量高于常温菌,编码蛋白为酸性亲水性蛋白,等电点为5.22,含有18个潜在的磷酸化位点,不存在跨膜结构、信号肽和糖基化位点。预测其蛋白质二级空间结构以α-螺旋、无规则卷曲、β-折叠为主。腾冲嗜热厌氧杆菌TTE0732蛋白是一种亲水性蛋白,在原核系统能高效表达,本研究结果对嗜热蛋白质的热稳定性机制的研究具有一定的参考。     

CTX-M-14型超广谱β-内酰胺酶的序列分析与原核表达

目的对大肠埃希菌所产CTX-M-14型超广谱β-内酰胺酶（ESBLs）进行基因克隆和重组表达,探讨其特性。方法以产CTX-M-14型超广谱β-内酰胺酶大肠埃希菌12号菌总基因组DNA为模板,PCR扩增CTX-M-14,将其克隆入pUCm-T Vector载体后测定该核苷酸序列;再将基因编码区克隆到原核表达载体pET-28α,构建含CTX-M-14基因的重组表达质粒,转化到大肠埃希菌BL21中进行IPTG诱导表达。SDS-PAGE电泳鉴定表达的酶蛋白后再过Ni-NTA柱纯化。结果PCR扩增出大小为876bp的基因片段,与GenBank上同类酶的基因序列同源性为100％。大肠埃希菌BL21转化pET-28a／CTX-M-14重组质粒后,ESBLs试验为阳性。此基因能在大肠埃希菌中大量表达,SDS-PAGE电泳显示蛋白分子质量大约为30KD。结论成功表达重组的CTX-M-14型酶,为进一步做酶动力学及酶的其他分子生物学特性研究奠定基础。     

PHD2基因原核表达载体的构建及其在大肠埃希菌中的表达

目的构建PHD2基因原核表达载体pET-43.1b（＋）-PHD2,实现Nus-PHD2融合蛋白在大肠埃希菌中的可溶性表达。方法用SacⅠ酶切pET-43.1b（＋）制备线性化载体,设计与线性化载体两端具有至少15个同源序列的特异性引物,以真核重组质粒pCMV6-Entry-EGLN1为模板,PCR法扩增PHD2目的基因。采用In-Fusion技术构建原核表达载体pET-43.1b（＋）-PHD2,并将其导入大肠埃希菌BL21（DE3）中诱导表达。用SDS-PAGE和Western blot分析并鉴定表达出的融合蛋白。用Ni-NTA亲和层析法纯化目的蛋白。结果成功构建了PHD2原核表达载体;SDS-PAGE结果显示融合蛋白以可溶性形式表达;Western blot鉴定表明融合蛋白可以与PHD2单克隆抗体特异性结合。结论实现了Nus-PHD2融合蛋白在大肠埃希菌中的可溶性表达,为PHD2生物学功能的研究奠定了基础。     

重组人胱抑素C的原核表达及鉴定

目的构建重组人胱抑素C（cystatinC,CysC）的原核高效表达质粒,诱导表达并纯化获得CysC重组蛋白。方法根据大肠埃希菌编码蛋白的特性设计CysC编码基因序列,人工合成目的基因克隆至pET-22b（＋）表达载体中,测序及酶切鉴定正确后诱导其在大肠埃希菌BL21中表达,所获得的包涵体蛋白经亲和层析纯化后采用SDS—PAGE及Western印迹鉴定。结果酶切结果证实构建的表达质粒结构正确;测序结果显示克隆的基因序列所编码的蛋白与GenBank中的CysC氨基酸序列相符;SDS-PAGE及Western印迹结果证实获得的重组CysC融合蛋白分子量约为16kD,经NP亲和层析纯化获得纯度大于90％的目的蛋白。结论建立了重组人CysC的原核高效表达系统并获得了CysC重组蛋白。     

地衣芽胞杆菌碱性蛋白酶基因克隆与表达特性

目的建立高产量和高活力的地衣芽胞杆菌碱性蛋白酶基因表达体系。方法采用PCR技术克隆获得目的基因,将其连入表达质粒pET-32 a构建原核表达重组质粒,经测序鉴定后,转化BL21大肠埃希菌,不同温度下IPTG诱导表达融合蛋白,测定酶活;进一步对该基因和编码蛋白进行同源性比较和酶学性质分析。结果碱性蛋白酶基因序列全长1 149 bp,编码382个氨基酸,同源性为99%,融合蛋白分子质量为62 kD,蛋白酶酶活为29 000 U/mL,并且在25℃时是以可溶蛋白形式表达,37℃时部分蛋白以包涵体形式存在。结论此种表达体系可以成功表达具有生物活性的碱性蛋白酶,诱导温度对蛋白酶存在形式具有较大影响。     

CMY-39型AmpC酶新基因亚型的序列分析与原核表达

目的对弗劳地枸橼酸杆菌所产CMY-39型AmpC酶新基因亚型进行基因克隆和重组表达。方法以产CMY-39型AmpC酶新基因亚型的弗劳地枸橼酸杆菌总基因组DNA为模板,PCR扩增CMY-39,将其克隆入pGEM-T载体后测定该核苷酸序列,再将CMY-39基因克隆到pET-32 a（＋）系统进行重组,重组菌在大肠埃希菌BL21中表达,SDS-PAGE电泳鉴定酶蛋白的表达。结果 PCR扩增出大小为1 146 bp的基因片段,与GenBank上CMY-39的基因序列同源性为99%。大肠埃希菌BL21转化pET-32 a（＋）/CMY-39重组质粒后,AmpC酶三维试验为阳性。此基因能在大肠埃希菌中大量表达,SDS-PAGE电泳显示,蛋白分子质量大约为60 kD。结论此基因为CMY-39新基因亚型,登陆号为HM565135;成功表达重组的CMY-39型酶,为进一步做酶动力学及酶的其他分子生物学特性研究奠定了基础。     

木糖异构酶基因xylA表达载体构建

以大肠埃希菌MG1655的基因组为模板,通过PCR扩增获得木糖异构酶基因xylA。利用敲除编码对基因转录起负调控作用的lacIq基因的大肠埃希菌/谷氨酸棒杆菌穿梭质粒pEC-XK99E,酶连后转化大肠埃希菌BL21和谷氨酸棒杆菌ATCC 13032。成功构建出了具有大肠埃希菌BL21表达活性的木糖异构酶表达载体pEC(lacI-)-xylA。     

肺炎克雷伯菌CS309耐药基因检测和NDM-1基因的克隆及原核表达

目的检测产NDM-1肺炎克雷伯菌CS309是否同时携带产IMP、VIM型金属β-内酰胺酶或KPC型碳青霉烯酶的耐药基因,同时构建NDM-1基因原核表达质粒,并在大肠埃希菌中进行表达。方法采用聚合酶链反应(PCR)扩增IMP、VIM和KPC耐药基因;以产NDM-1肺炎克雷伯菌CS309为DNA模板,PCR扩增NDM-1全长,并将其与pGEM-T克隆载体连接后转化至大肠埃希菌DH5α,继而对阳性克隆进行双酶切,将酶切片段与pET-28α(+)表达载体连接,并转化大肠埃希菌BL21,再用异丙基-β-D-硫代半乳糖苷(IPTG)诱导蛋白表达,并采用SDS-PAGE和Western blot技术验证NDM-1蛋白。结果经PCR和测序证实,该菌同时携带NDM-1和IMP-4两种金属酶基因,未扩增出VIM、KPC耐药基因。经双酶切和测序证实,原核表达质粒pET-28α(+)-NDM-1构建成功。SDS-PAGE发现,重组菌株经诱导后在28 kDa附近有明显条带,与预期蛋白大小27.9 kDa一致。Western blot表明诱导产生的融合蛋白可与NDM-1抗体特异性结合。结论肺炎克雷伯菌CS309同时携带NDM-1和IMP-4两种金属酶基因;成功构建了NDM-1基因的原核表达质粒,该质粒在大肠埃希菌BL21中高效融合表达。     

艰难梭菌毒素A原核表达及重组蛋白纯化

目的构建艰难梭菌(Clostridium difficile,C.difficile)毒素A羧基末端原核表达载体,优化诱导表达条件及纯化重组蛋白。方法利用聚合酶链式反应扩增C.difficile毒素A羧基末端基因序列,并将此序列转入pET-28b载体,构建pET-28b-tcdA重组表达载体,并将表达载体转化到BL21(DE3)感受态大肠埃希菌细胞中,分别在不同条件下进行诱导表达,获得最佳诱导表达条件后进行大量表达,最后用Ni柱对重组蛋白进行亲和纯化,得到纯化后的重组蛋白。结果成功构建了pET-28b-tcdA重组表达载体,其重组蛋白表达最佳诱导条件:菌液吸光度值取0.6、温度取25℃、IPTG终浓度取1.0mmol/L、诱导时间取10h。蛋白纯化咪唑磷酸盐洗脱液最佳浓度取200mmol/L。结论成功构建pET-28b-tcdA重组表达载体,在大肠埃希菌BL21(DE3)中可以有效表达,并获得高浓度重组蛋白,为进一步制备TcdA适配子奠定了一定实验室基础。     

尘螨变应原Der f1全序列的原核表达及生物信息学分析

目的 构建尘螨变应原Der f1原核表达体系,并了解其分子特征.方法 提取粉尘螨总RNA,用RT-PCR合成Der f1编码基因,将其克隆至pMD19-T载体,亚克隆至表达载体pET-28a( ),转化至大肠杆菌并用IPTG诱导表达.用生物信息学软件对测序结果进行分析并预测其空间结构.结果 从粉尘螨总RNA中扩增获得Der f1 cDNA片段,成功构建了表达质粒pET-28a( )-Der f1,Western blotting显示原核表达获得成功.测序结果提交GenBank,登陆号为EU095368,该基因长966 bp,与参考序列同源性达99.9%,推测其编码氨基酸321个,属疏水蛋白,位于细胞外,信号肽位于1～18氨基酸处.同源性分析提示Der f1和Eur m1相似率为88%,而Der f1和Der p1的相似率为77%,分子进化树中粉尘螨和梅氏嗜霉螨聚成一簇.Der f1的二级结构由α-螺旋(109 aa,33.96%)、延伸链(55 aa,17.13%)、β-转角(18 aa,5.61%) 和随机卷曲(139 aa,43.30%)组成.结论 尘螨变应原Der f1原核表达获得成功,为进一步生产重组变应原奠定了基础.生物信息学分析表明粉尘螨和梅氏嗜霉螨的亲缘关系可能更近,而与屋尘螨关系稍远,此与现行的形态学分类系统并不符合.     

Genome Analysis inNeurospora crassa;Cloning of Four Lociarginine-1(arg-1),methionine-6(met-6),unknown-7(un-7), andribosome production-1(rip-1) and Associated Chromosome Walking

We have cloned fourNeurospora crassagenes by complementation analysis. Cloned genes include thearginine-1(arg-1),methionine-6(met-6),unknown-7(un-7), andribosome production-1(rip-1) loci. Chromosome walks were initiated in ordered cosmid libraries from the cloned loci. A total of about 700 kb of theNeurosporagenome is covered in these walks.     

Foreign exploration for Scirtothrips perseae Nakahara (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) and associated natural enemies on avocado (Persea americana Miller)

Scirtothrips perseae Nakahara was discovered attacking avocados in California, USA, in 1996. Host plant surveys in California indicated that S. perseae has a highly restricted host range with larvae being found only on avocados, while adults were collected from 11 different plant species. As part of a management program for this pest, a “classical” biological control program was initiated and foreign exploration was conducted to delineate the home range of S. perseae, to survey for associated natural enemies and inventory other species of phytophagous thrips on avocados grown in Mexico, Guatemala, Costa Rica, the Dominican Republic, Trinidad, and Brazil. Foreign exploration efforts indicate that S. perseae occurs on avocados grown at high altitudes (>1500 m) from Uruapan in Mexico south to areas around Guatemala City in Guatemala. In Costa Rica, S. perseae is replaced by an undescribed congener as the dominant phytophagous thrips on avocados grown at high altitudes (>1300 m). No species of Scirtothrips were found on avocados in the Dominican Republic, Trinidad, or Brazil. In total, 2136 phytophagous thrips were collected and identified, representing over 47 identified species from at least 19 genera. The significance of these species records is discussed. Of collected material 4% were potential thrips biological control agents. Natural enemies were dominated by six genera of predatory thrips (Aeolothrips, Aleurodothrips, Franklinothrips, Leptothrips, Scolothrips, and Karnyothrips). One genus each of parasitoid (Ceranisus) and predatory mite (Balaustium) were found. Based on the results of our sampling techniques, prospects for the importation of thrips natural enemies for use in a “classical” biological control program in California against S. perseae are not promising.     

Structural Peculiarities of Na+,K+-ATPase Isozymes from the Calf Brain

Functionally active preparations of Na⁺,K⁺-ATPase isozymes from calf brain that contain catalytic subunits of three types (1, 2, and 3) were obtained using two approaches: a selective removal of contaminating proteins by the Jorgensen method and a selective solubilization of the enzyme with subsequent reconstitution of their membrane structure by the Esmann method. The ouabain inhibition constants were determined for the isozymes. The real isozyme composition of the Na⁺ pump from the grey matter containing glial cells and the brain stem containing neurons was determined. The plasma membranes of glial cells were shown to contain mainly Na⁺,K⁺-ATPase of the 11 type and minor amounts of isozymes of the 22(1) and the 31(2) type. The axolemma contains 21 and 31 isozymes. A carbohydrate analysis indicated that 11 enzyme preparations from the brain grey matter substantially differ from the renal enzymes of the same composition in the glycosylation of the 1 isoform. An enhanced sensitivity of the 3 catalytic subunit of Na⁺,K⁺-ATPase from neurons to endogenous proteolysis was found. A point of specific proteolysis in the amino acid sequence PNDNR⁴⁹² Y⁴⁹³ was localized (residue numbering is that of the human 3 subunit). This sequence corresponds to one of the regions of the greatest variability in 1-, 2-, 3-, and 4-subunits, but at the same time, it is characteristic of the 3 isoforms of various species. The presence of the 3 isoform of tubulin (cytoskeletal protein) was found for the first time in the high-molecular-mass Na⁺,K⁺-ATPase 31 isozyme complex isolated from the axolemma of brain stem neurons, and its binding to the 3 catalytic subunit was shown.     

1H and13C-NMR analysis of four pentasaccharides from urine of blood-group A and B,Leb adults. Confirmation of the structure of two new oligosaccharides: Fuc(α1–2)[GalNAc(α1–3)]Gal(β1–3)[Fuc(α1–4)]Glc and Fuc(α1–2)[Gal(α1–3)]Gal(β1–3)[Fuc(α1–4)]Glc

The major pentasaccharides Fuc(1-2)[GalNAc(1-3)]Gal(1-4)[Fuc(1-3)]Glc and Fuc(1-2) [Gal(1-3)]Gal(1-4)[Fuc(1-3)]Glc, which are normally present in the urine of bloodgroup A Le^b and B Le^b healthy subjects, were each found to be contaminated by a minor component when analysed by¹H-NMR. The determination of these structures, Fuc(1-2) [GalNAc(1-3)]Gal(1-3)[Fuc(1-4)]Glc and Fuc(1-2) [Gal(1-3)]Gal(1-3)[Fuc(1-4)]Glc, was based on the results of methylation analysis and¹H/¹³C-NMR spectroscopy.Abbreviations HPLC high performance liquid chromatography - GLC gas liquid chromatography - NMR nuclear magnetic resonance - COSY correlation spectroscopy - Gal d-galactopyranose - GalNAc 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-d-galactopyranose - Glc d-glucopyranose - Fuc l-fucopyranose - LNDFH I lacto-N-difucohexaose I (Le^b determinant     

Validation of the <Emphasis Type="Italic">VRN-H2</Emphasis>/<Emphasis Type="Italic">VRN-H1</Emphasis> epistatic model in barley reveals that intron length variation in <Emphasis Type="Italic">VRN-H1</Emphasis> may account for a continuum of vernalization sensitivity

The epistatic interaction of alleles at the VRN-H1 and VRN-H2 loci determines vernalization sensitivity in barley. To validate the current molecular model for the two-locus epistasis, we crossed homozygous vernalization-insensitive plants harboring a predicted “winter type” allele at either VRN-H1 (Dicktoo) or VRN-H2 (Oregon Wolfe Barley Dominant), or at both VRN-H (Calicuchima-sib) loci and measured the flowering time of unvernalized F₂ progeny under long-day photoperiod. We assessed whether the spring growth habit of Calicuchima-sib is an exception to the two-locus epistatic model or contains novel “spring” alleles at VRN-H1 (HvBM5A) and/or VRN-H2 (ZCCT-H) by determining allele sequence variants at these loci and their effects relative to growth habit. We found that (a) progeny with predicted “winter type” alleles at both VRN-H1 and VRN-H2 alleles exhibited an extremely delayed flowering (i.e. vernalization-sensitive) phenotype in two out of the three F₂ populations, (b) sequence flanking the vernalization critical region of HvBM5A intron 1 likely influences degree of vernalization sensitivity, (c) a winter habit is retained when ZCCT-Ha has been deleted, and (d) the ZCCT-H genes have higher levels of allelic polymorphism than other winterhardiness regulatory genes. Our results validate the model explaining the epistatic interaction of VRN-H2 and VRN-H1 under long-day conditions, demonstrate recovery of vernalization-sensitive progeny from crosses of vernalization-insensitive genotypes, show that intron length variation in VRN-H1 may account for a continuum of vernalization sensitivity, and provide molecular markers that are accurate predictors of “winter vs spring type” alleles at the VRN-H loci.     

N-andO-glycosylation of glycoprotein C synthesized by Herpes simplex virus type 1-infected ricin resistant cells

The progeny of Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) grown in ricin-resistant 14 cells (Ric^R14) lackingN-acetylglucosaminyltransferase I was released in the extracellular medium at a very low rate. By using a monoclonal antibody immobilized on Sepharose we purified from HSV-1-infected Ric^R14 cells a viral glycoprotein (gC), which carries bothN-andO-linked oligosaccharides. Glycopeptides obtained from [³H]mannoselabeled gC by Pronase digestion were entirely susceptible to endo--N-acetylglucosaminidase H, and the major oligosaccharide released was Man₄GlcNAc. The accumulation of this high-mannose species was related to the enzymic defect of the host cells and to the long retention of the viral glycoprotein within the cells. The extent ofO-glycosylation evaluated in [¹⁴C]glucosamine-labeled gC from Ric^R14 cells as compared to that of gC from wild type cells did not appear to be significantly modified.Abbreviations Con A concanavalin A - BHK cells baby hamster kidney cells - HSV Herpes simplex virus