诺卡氏菌属5205菌株产生类胡萝卜素研究

对诺卡氏菌属5205菌株形成类胡萝卜素的培养基和培养条件进行了初步研究。结果表明,该菌在培养基,蛋白胨10g,牛肉膏3g,葡萄糖20g,NaCl 5g,水1000mL,pH 7.5,500mL三角瓶装量100mL培养基于旋转式摇床上30℃,170r/min振荡培养72h,菌体生物量和类胡萝卜素含量分别为7．26mg/mL和471．45ug/干菌体,添加核黄素明显促进该菌的生长和类胡萝卜素的形成。     

假单胞菌属No.2120生产D-甘露糖异构酶发酵培养基的优化

通过单因子实验、Plackett-Burman实验设计、响应面分析法对假单胞菌属No.2120产D-甘露糖异构酶的培养基进行优化,确定发酵优化条件:果糖15.26 g/L,牛肉膏20 g/L,酵母膏2 g/L,K2HPO42 g/L,MgSO4.7H2O0.5 g/L,NaCl 0.5 g/L,Tween-80 1.54 g/L。采用优化配方异构酶比酶活可以达到68.28 U/mL。     

响应面法优化杀鱼假交替单胞菌2515发酵培养基

杀鱼假交替单胞菌(Pseudoalteromonas piscicida)2515是一株具有广谱抗弧菌性能的菌株，为提升菌株2515的培养生物量，通过单因素优化方法，研究碳源、氮源、无机盐等营养成分对菌株2515的发酵产量的影响，确定关键营养因子，利用响应面分析法对影响菌株2515生物量的关键营养因子进行优化。结果显示，菌株2515的最佳发酵培养基配方为麦芽糖2.85 g/L、CaCl₂ 0.65 g/L、MnCl₂ 0.10 g/L、酵母膏3.85 g/L、胰蛋白胨10 g/L、NaCl 10 g/L。优化后的培养基使菌株2515在锥形瓶和发酵罐中发酵的OD₆₀₀值分别为1.416和1.866,生物量分别提高了36.4%和40.4%,其发酵上清液和细胞内容物的抑菌活性分别提高了28.2%和27.2%。表明响应面法优化后的培养基有利于提高菌株2515的发酵生物量及抗菌效果，研究结果为菌株2515的后续开发应用提供了参考。     

红树林植物促生菌SZ7-1 菌株的培养基优化

采用响应面分析法对红树林植物促生菌SZ7-1 菌株发酵培养基进行了优化。首先利用Plackett-Burman (PB)设计对影响SZ7-1 生长的11 个营养因素进行评价, 并筛选出显著影响因子:玉米糖浆、酵母膏和K₂HPO₄; 其次用最陡爬坡实验逼近以上三因素最优水平; 最后采用响应面法对该3 个显著因素的最佳水平范围进行研究, 得到的最佳浓度为: 玉米浆28 g/L、酵母膏14 g/L和K₂HPO₄ 2.2 g/L。在此条件下, 培养20 h 后SZ7-1 菌数达到2.6×10¹⁰ CFU/mL, 与优化前基础培养基、LB 和牛肉膏蛋白胨培养基中生长的菌数相比, 分别提高了12.4、2.4 和5.5 倍。     

响应面分析法优化(R)-扁桃酸发酵培养基

采用响应面分析法对Bacillussp.HB20菌株合成(R)-扁桃酸的培养基成分进行优化。首先利用Plackett-Burman试验设计筛选出影响(R)-扁桃酸产率的三个主要因素:麦芽糖、蛋白胨和牛肉膏。在此基础上用最陡爬坡路径逼近最大响应区域,再利用Box-Behnken试验设计及响应面分析法进行回归分析。结果表明,麦芽糖、蛋白胨和牛肉膏浓度与(R)-扁桃酸产率存在显著的相关性,通过求解回归方程得到最佳质量浓度:蛋白胨11.507g/L,牛肉膏6.708g/L,麦芽糖10.907g/L,(R)-扁桃酸产率理论最大值达到66.87%。经模型验证,预测值与验证试验平均值接近,在优化条件下(R)-扁桃酸产率提高了25.87%。     

一株维氏气单胞菌发酵培养基优化及其制备疫苗免疫效力比较

采用单因素试验、响应面试验法对维氏气单胞菌（Aeromonas veronii）发酵培养基的氮源、碳源、无机盐和磷酸盐成分及用量进行优化组合,确定优化培养基组成：胰蛋白胨10.8 g/L,葡萄糖5.0 g/L,牛肉膏3.0 g/L,磷酸二氢钾2.0 g/L,硫酸镁0.4 g/L,NaCl 5.0 g/L。并与基础培养基的发酵活菌数、制备的灭活疫苗免疫效力进行比较,经过验证试验绘制维氏气单胞菌在优化培养基条件下的7 L发酵罐生长曲线。在优化发酵培养基条件下,维氏气单胞菌活菌数为5.94×10⁹ cfu/mL,比基础培养基增幅43.13%;制备的灭活疫苗相对保护率为77.78%,比基础培养基提高了14.81%。7 L发酵罐发酵培养10 h,活菌数达到最大8.85×10⁹ cfu/mL。通过对发酵培养基的优化,可以获得低成本、优质高效的维氏气单胞菌发酵菌液,为今后维氏气单胞菌灭活疫苗规模化发酵培养提供参考。     

固态法生产益生素中二级液体菌种培养基配方筛选

利用正交试验 ,对固体法生产益生素中菌株NYS 2的二级液体菌种的培养基配方进行筛选 ,确定了一组最佳组合 :蛋白胨 1.0 % ,葡萄糖 1.0 % ,酵母膏 0 .5 % ,牛肉膏 1.0 % ,KH2 PO40 .0 6 % ,NaCl 0 .3% ,pH 7.2～7.4。     

红酵母NZ-01发酵条件的优化

以红酵母菌株NZ-01为试验菌株,研究其发酵工艺与中试生产。采用摇瓶发酵优化的方式,研究培养基组分与发酵工艺条件对该菌发酵的影响,并进行中试放大生产。结果显示,该菌最适生长培养基组分为葡萄糖10g/L,蔗糖10g/L,酵母膏10g/L,牛肉膏2.5g/L;色素合成最适培养基组分为葡萄糖15g/L,蔗糖10g/L,酵母膏2.5g/L,牛肉膏5g/L。最适生长起始pH值为6.0,最适接种量为8%,生长周期为44h;最适色素合成起始pH值为7.0,最适色素合成接种量为8%,色素合成周期为48h。发酵优化后的色素产量3.88μg/mL较优化前1.71μg/mL提高了127%。中试产量达3.05μg/mL。红酵母菌NZ-01优化后的发酵条件可以应用于中试生产虾青素,有规模化生产应用潜力。     

产几丁质酶菌株S68-CM5产酶条件优化研究

为提高黏质沙雷氏菌株S68-CM5产几丁质酶能力,对产酶发酵条件进行优化研究。利用Plackett-Burman设计和响应面法对培养基和发酵条件进行摸索。结果显示,获得最佳发酵产酶培养基:胶体几丁质1.5%,牛肉膏7 g/L,酵母膏2 g/L,葡萄糖8 g/L,氯化钠3.5 g/L,蛋白胨2 g/L,磷酸氢二钾3.5 g/L;最佳产酶培养条件为:p H6.88,温度27.32℃,摇床转数155.82r/min,培养时间60 h,接种量1%,装液量50 m L/250 m L。优化后产酶量达到7.131 U/m L,比优化前产酶量提高了1.43倍。     

具广谱抑菌作用的植物乳杆菌素LPC718发酵培养基的优化

目的提高植物乳杆菌素LPC718的产量。方法在单因素试验的基础上,利用响应面法对培养基成分进行优化。结果单因素试验表明,产植物乳杆菌素LPC718最优碳源、氮源分别为蔗糖和聚蛋白胨,最适刺激因子为吐温80。Plackett-Burman试验表明,蔗糖、牛肉膏和硫酸镁是影响植物乳杆菌素LPC718产量的三个显著因子。Box-Benhnken试验确定了最适培养基成分为(g/L):蔗糖41.16,酵母粉5.00,聚蛋白胨10.00,牛肉膏20.49,七水硫酸镁1.13,磷酸氢二钾2.00,柠檬酸二铵5.00,乙酸钠5.00,硫酸锰0.25,吐温80 5.00mL。在最适条件下所获抑菌圈直径为23.35mm,与模型预期值接近,抑菌活性比优化前提高了72.96%。结论获得了最佳培养基配方,为进一步在食品保鲜中的研究奠定了基础。     

红色诺卡氏菌Nr-8206株培养形态与其有效物质及杂质关系分析

筛选红色诺卡氏菌（Nocardia rubra）Nr-8206株适宜投产的最佳培养形态。将红色诺卡氏菌Nr-8206株复壮,通过涂布、形态学考察筛选典型菌落形态。通过发酵技术获得各种菌落形态菌株的生物量,进一步通过细胞破碎、化学提纯等方法获得细胞壁多糖产物,紫外可见光分光光度法进行有效物质含量测定及杂质的检测。结果表明,红色诺卡氏菌Nr-8206株的最佳菌落形态为菌落直径1.68 mm、橘色、有突起、有褶皱、菌落边缘丝状,编号RY2。进行菌株RY2发酵,其菌体量最多,经破碎、提纯后,其有效物质糖含量及胞壁酸含量均高于其他形态的菌落,并高于出发菌株Nr-8206,且其杂质蛋白质残余量更低,杂质更容易去除。该研究可供生产企业以该菌株作为工作菌株时提供形态选择参考。     

蝉拟青霉液体发酵条件优化

采用液体发酵蝉拟青霉,对蝉拟青霉的发酵条件进行优化,以提高蝉拟青霉胞外多糖产量及生物量。摇瓶发酵条件下,在单因素基础上设计正交实验确定各因素的最佳组合。优化后得最佳发酵培养基:蔗糖8%,牛肉膏0.75%,酵母膏0.125%,MgSO_4·7H_2O 0.3%,KH_2PO_4 0.2%,麸皮0.5%。该条件下胞外多糖产量为5.96 g/L,生物量为42 g/L,较优化前提高了1倍。采用发酵罐进行扩大培养,对分批发酵时的初糖浓度进行了优化,并分析了补料分批发酵对发酵过程的影响。发酵罐培养时最适初糖浓度为5%,此时生物量最高为38 g/L,多糖含量最高为5.5 g/L;采用补料分批发酵时,多糖产量最高为5.89 g/L,生物量最高为40 g/L,效果优于分批发酵。     

Optimization of Microbial Flocculant-Producing Medium for <Emphasis Type="Italic">Bacillus subtilis</Emphasis>

This study aimed to improve microbial flocculant production by optimizing the components of a Bacillus subtilis CZ1003 culture medium. Using the flocculation rate as the dependent variable, single-factor experiments were performed and beef extract at a concentration of 9 g/L was found to be the optimal nitrogen source, while glucose at a concentration of 20 g/L was the optimal carbon source. KCl, MgCl₂, NaCl, and CaCl₂ at concentrations of 0.75, 2.5, 0.5, and 5.0 g/L, respectively, were the optimum inorganic salts, in order of flocculant production activity. Orthogonal experimental demonstrated that KCl played a dominant role for Bacillus subtilis production of bioflocculants, followed by NaCl and CaCl₂. Optimization experiments demonstrated that the optimal combination of the two salts was 0.75 g/L KCl and 0.5 g/L NaCl, resulting in a flocculation rate of 36.2% when included together at these concentrations. The final optimized medium consisted of 20 g/L glucose, 9 g/L beef extract, 0.75 g/L KCl, and 0.5 g/L NaCl. Compared with the initial medium, the optimized medium enhanced the flocculation activity from 12.1 to 36.2%, which equates to an increase of 199.17%. Meanwhile, the flocculant yield was increased from 0.058 g/L to 0.134/L, an increase of 131.03%. The optimized medium could be used to improve microbial flocculant production and provides a basis for further exploration.     

丁酸梭菌发酵培养基的优化及发酵产物对黄曲霉毒素B1的降解

【背景】丁酸梭菌是专性厌氧的新一代芽孢益生菌,耐热、耐酸、抗逆性强,极具应用价值和开发前景。【目的】优化丁酸梭菌发酵培养基并初步研究其发酵液对黄曲霉菌的抑制作用和降解黄曲霉毒素B₁ (aflatoxin B₁, AFB₁)的能力。【方法】利用响应面法对发酵培养基进行优化,采用牛津杯法对丁酸梭菌发酵液抑制黄曲霉菌生长进行研究,并通过酶联免疫法测定发酵液对AFB₁的降解能力。【结果】优化后的发酵培养基为：葡萄糖18.1g/L,大豆蛋白胨29.7g/L,磷酸氢二钾3.8 g/L,氯化钠2.0 g/L,乙酸钠4.0 g/L,结晶硫酸镁1.2 g/L,L-半胱氨酸盐酸盐0.3 g/L。优化后的丁酸梭菌生物量由8.99×10⁸个/mL提高至2.28×10⁹个/mL,是优化前的2.54倍。丁酸梭菌发酵液对致病真菌黄曲霉菌的抑菌效果十分显著,其上清液经浓缩后对AFB₁降解72h的降解率达到68.65%,初步分析表明上清液中对AFB₁     

Improving the production of S-adenosyl-L-methionine in Escherichia coli by overexpressing metk

S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM) has important applications in many fields including chemical therapy and pharmaceutical industry. In this study, the recombinant Escherichia coli strain was constructed for effective production of SAM by introducing the SAM synthase gene (metK). This strain produced 34.5?mg/L of SAM in basic medium in shake flask. Yeast extract, pH, and loaded volume had a significant positive effect on the yield of SAM. Their optimal values were 35?g/L, 7.5, and 30?mL, respectively. The final conditions optimized were as follows: glucose 20, g/L; peptone, 40?g/L; yeast extract, 35?g/L; NaCl, 10?g/L; MgSO₄, 1.2?g/L; L-methionine, 1?g/L; rotate speed, 220?rpm; loaded volume, 30?mL; inoculation, 1%; temperature, 37°C; and initial medium, pH 7.5. The recombinant strain produced 128.2?mg/L of SAM under the above conditions in shake flask. The production of SAM in a 5?L fermentor was also investigated. The maximal biomass of the recombinant strain was 60.4?g/L after the cells were cultured for 20?hr, and the highest yield of SAM was 300.9?mg/L after induction for 8?hr in a 5?L fermentor. This study provides a good foundation for the future production and use of SAM.     

Effect of several elicitors on sclerotia biomass and carotenoid yield of Penicillium sp. PT95 during solid-state fermentation of corn meal

Six kinds of heat-released soluble cell-wall fragments (elicitors) were prepared respectively from Neurospora crassa, Monascus purpureus, Sporobolomyces roseus, Rhodotorula rubra, Nocardia corallina N89 and Actinoplanes tuftoflagellus A05. When Penicillium sp. PT95 was grown on corn meal (CM) solid medium containing appropriate amounts of elicitors, both its sclerotia biomass and the amount of carotenoid accumulated in sclerotia were enhanced significantly (P < 0.01). Every one of the elicitors except that fromM. purpureus could also increase significantly the β-carotene fraction of total pigment (P < 0.01). Among elicitors tested, the elicitor (150 μg/g CM) originating from R. rubra gave a maximum value of sclerotia biomass, reaching 15.90 g/100g CM; the elicitor (100 μg/g CM) from M. purpureus gave the highest total carotenoid of 14,446 μg/100 g CM and β-carotene yield of 10,112 μg/100 g CM, which were respectively 2.76 and 2.72 times higher than that of control. Experimental results also showed that the elicitor from M. purpureus could inhibit effectively the occurrence of sectoring during solid-state fermentation of strain PT95. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Production of α-amylase fromHalobacterium halobium

Maximum production of extracellular -amylase activity inHalobacterium halobium was at 40°C in a medium containing 25% (w/v) NaCl, 1% (w/v) soluble starch and 1% (w/v) peptone, in presence of 0.1mm ZnSO₄ after 5 days in shaking cultures. The amylase had optimal activity at pH 6.5 in the presence of 1 to 3% (w/v) NaCl at 53°C.S. Patel, N. Jain and D. Madamwar are with the Post Graduate Department of Biosciences, Sadar Patel University, Vallabh Vidyanagar-388120, India.     

Optimization of critical medium components using response surface methodology for biomass and extracellular polysaccharide production by <Emphasis Type="Italic">Agaricus blazei</Emphasis>

Response surface methodology (RSM) was applied to optimize the critical medium ingredients of Agaricus blazei. A three-level Box–Behnken factorial design was employed to determine the maximum biomass and extracellular polysaccharide (EPS) yields at optimum levels for glucose, yeast extract (YE), and peptone. A mathematical model was then developed to show the effect of each medium composition and its interactions on the production of mycelial biomass and EPS. The model predicted the maximum biomass yield of 10.86 g/l that appeared at glucose, YE, peptone of 26.3, 6.84, and 6.62 g/l, respectively, while a maximum EPS yield of 348.4 mg/l appeared at glucose, YE, peptone of 28.4, 4.96, 5.60 g/l, respectively. These predicted values were also verified by validation experiments. The excellent correlation between predicted and measured values of each model justifies the validity of both the response models. The results of bioreactor fermentation also show that the optimized culture medium enhanced both biomass (13.91 ± 0.71 g/l) and EPS (363 ± 4.1 mg/l) production by Agaricus blazei in a large-scale fermentation process.