番茄SlWRKY31基因启动子的克隆与逆境应答模式分析

该研究以野生型番茄（Solanum lycopersicum）为材料,采用PCR技术克隆得到了番茄 SlWRKY31 基因起始密码子 ATG 上游启动子序列,并利用该启动子驱动 GUS基因在野生型番茄中表达,对获得的转基因番茄采用不同胁迫处理后进行GUS 染色和定量分析。结果表明：（1）序列分析显示,该启动子全长1 849 bp,含有多个与非生物胁迫和激素响应相关的顺式作用元件,主要包括热胁迫响应元件 HSE、干旱诱导响应元件 MBS、防卫和胁迫响应元件 TC rich repeats、创伤诱导响应元件 WUN motif、脱落酸（ABA）响应元件 ABRE 和水杨酸（SA）响应元件 TCA element。（2）实时荧光定量 PCR 结果显示,SlWRKY31 基因呈组成型表达模式,且在叶和果实中表达量较高,茎中较低;在NaCl、甘露醇、SA、ABA 和42 ℃ 高温的胁迫处理下,其表达量显著升高。（3）构建 SlWRKY31 启动子和 GUS 基因融合的植物表达载体,并通过农杆菌介导法将其转化野生型番茄,对获得的转基因番茄进行 GUS 组织化学染色分析结果显示,SlWRKY31 基因在番茄的各个组织（根、茎、叶、花、果实和种子）中均有表达,表明 SlWRKY31 启动子是组成型表达启动子。（4）对转基因番茄在不同胁迫处理后的 GUS 染色和定量分析显示,SlWRKY31 启动子显著受到NaCl、甘露醇、SA、ABA 和42 ℃ 高温的诱导表达,说明该启动子是一个可以响应多种逆境胁迫的诱导型启动子。     

基于Tail-PCR分析AN2基因上游启动子活性

黑果枸杞(Lycium ruthenicum)富含花青素,AN2基因是调控黑果枸杞花青素合成代谢的主效基因。为解析AN2基因启动子的活性差异,采用Tail-PCR方法分别克隆了黑果枸杞和红果枸杞(L. barbarum) AN2基因起始密码子上游约1 686 bp (LrAN2p)和1 495 bp (LbAN2p)的序列。Plant CARE预测表明,LbAN2p和LrAN2p中分别有133和137个的顺式作用元件, 其中,参与光调控的顺式元件分别有11和15个;参与激素响应相关的顺式元件分别有13和16个。构建AN2启动子植物表达载体pKGWFS7:LbAN2p和pKGWFS7:LrAN2p,利用农杆菌介导的烟草遗传转化体系获得转基因烟草。GUS染色结果表明,LrAN2p能够驱动GUS在烟草中的表达,叶片呈现蓝色,具有较LbAN2p更强的启动活性,qRT-PCR结果表明,LrAN2p转基因烟草中GUS基因具有更高的转录水平,这可能会使AN2基因在黑果枸杞中具有更高的表达,激活黑果枸杞花青素合成代谢通路。这为解析枸杞果色形成及AN2基因的表达调控机制奠定了理论基础。     

黄毛草莓FnMYB24转录因子基因和启动子的克隆及表达分析

该研究以黄毛草莓(Fragaria nilgerrensis Schltdl.)为材料,采用RT PCR技术克隆了黄毛草莓FnMYB24基因的cDNA和启动子序列。生物信息学分析表明,FnMYB24的cDNA序列长为1 033 bp(GenBank登录号为MN879283),其开放阅读框(ORF)长为609 bp,编码202个氨基酸,含有1个保守的MYB_DNA binding结构域。同源分析结果显示,黄毛草莓FnMYB24基因编码的氨基酸序列与森林草莓(Fragaria vesca)编码的氨基酸相似性较高;同时进一步克隆了该基因编码起始位点上游长度为718 bp启动子序列(GenBank登录号为MN879285),预测该序列包含激素响应元件、光调控元件等多个顺式作用元件。通过构建pFnMYB24∷GUS表达载体进行烟草瞬时转化,发现pFnMYB24启动子具有转录活性且能够驱动FnMYB24基因表达。实时荧光定量PCR结果显示：抗病品种黄毛草莓和易感病栽培品种‘妙香3号’的叶片接种胶孢炭疽菌(Colletotrichum gloeosporioides)后MYB24基因表达量均有上调,但‘妙香3号’的MYB24表达量始终低于黄毛草莓的表达量;SA处理后2个草莓品种的MYB24表达量均高于对照组,表明MYB24基因受水杨酸(SA)的诱导表达。研究表明,草莓MYB24基因可能参与调控抗炭疽病,为进一步研究MYB24基因在草莓抗炭疽病中的功能奠定了基础。     

中国水仙LAR基因启动子的克隆及功能初步分析

为了解NtLAR基因的表达调控机制,该研究以中国水仙(Narcissus tazetta var. chinensis)‘金盏银台’ DNA为模版,采用染色体步移法克隆了NtLAR基因起始密码子ATG上游启动子片段序列,测序结果显示,该克隆片段共995 bp(GenBank登录号：MH371155)。通过PlantCare数据库对获得的启动子序列顺式作用元件预测发现,NtLAR启动子序列中包含有大量顺式作用元件,如光反应元件ACE、G box、GATA motif、GT1 motif,激素响应元件CGTCA motif、ABRE、TGACG motif、TGA element,胁迫响应元件和MYB 结合位点 MBS等。成功构建了植物表达载体pBI121 pNtLAR∷GUS和pGreenII 0800 pNtLAR Luc。pBI121 pNtLAR∷GUS在烟草叶片的瞬时表达结果显示,克隆的启动子片段具有活性;pBI121 pNtLAR∷GUS在水仙不同组织器官的瞬时表达实验发现,NtLAR基因的表达具有组织特异型,其在鳞茎盘的表达量较高,在花瓣和副冠中的表达量较低;将pBI121 pNtLAR∷GUS分别和中国水仙R2R3 MYB转录因子NtMYB2、NtMYB5混合注射烟草叶片,GUS染色结果显示NtMYB2和NtMYB5并不能抑制NtLAR启动子的活性,定量PCR结果与GUS染色结果一致。采用pGreenII 0800 pNtLAR Luc载体进行双荧光素酶实验进一步验证了GUS染色实验和定量PCR结果。     

多胺对盐胁迫下黄瓜SOS2基因家族表达的影响

该研究基于黄瓜基因组数据库,利用生物信息学和荧光定量PCR等方法,对黄瓜SOS2基因家族进行全基因组鉴定,并对其表达特性进行系统分析。结果表明：(1)在黄瓜基因组中,共鉴定到 15个SOS2基因(CsSOS2 1~CsSOS2 15),且不均匀分布在5条染色体上;亚细胞定位显示SOS2蛋白主要位于细胞质膜。(2)系统进化分析显示,CsSOS2 2和CsSOS2 6与AtSOS2亲缘关系更近。(3)顺式作用元件预测显示,SOS2基因启动子序列主要含有干旱诱导和防御应激响应元件。(4)结构分析显示,SOS2蛋白所含保守基序的排列顺序完全一致,且主要含有STKc和NAF保守结构域,这些结构可能在基因响应盐胁迫过程中起调控作用。(5)荧光定量试验表明,SOS2基因家族主要在黄瓜的根和叶片响应盐胁迫时上调表达,其中,盐胁迫处理1 d时有5个基因上调表达,并随处理时间延长盐胁迫下的基因表达有所下调;增施多胺显著上调了CsSOS2 1~CsSOS2 5、CsSOS2 8、CsSOS2 9、CsSOS2 12和CsSOS2 15在不同组织中的表达,说明盐胁迫下多胺能诱导黄瓜SOS2基因家族的表达,进而参与植物耐盐分子网络的调控。     

除虫菊TcALDH和TcGLIP基因启动子克隆及功能分析

天然除虫菊酯是从除虫菊(Tanacetum cinerariifolium)中提取的绿色植物源生物杀虫剂。醛脱氢酶(TcALDH)和GDSL脂肪酶(TcGLIP)是除虫菊酯生物合成途径中的关键限速酶。为探究TcALDH和TcGLIP基因的功能,该研究从除虫菊无性系‘W99''中克隆得到TcALDH和TcGLIP基因的启动子,并通过生物信息学分析、组织化学染色(GUS染色)、荧光素酶报告实验和外源植物激素处理实验对其启动子的调控元件、启动子活性、激素诱导特异性和组织特异性进行分析。结果表明:(1)克隆得到的TcALDH和TcGLIP启动子序列分别为2 848、1 343 bp,均含有多个与逆境应答和激素信号相关的顺式作用元件。(2)分别构建了启动子和荧光素酶融合的植物表达载体,在烟草叶片中观察荧光成像发现,TcALDH启动子具有茉莉酸甲酯(MeJA)和脱落酸(ABA)激素诱导特异性。(3)用MeJA和ABA处理除虫菊‘W99''组培苗发现,TcALDH的表达量在12 h内受ABA诱导时上调,受MeJA诱导时先升高后降低,TcGLIP的表达量受ABA和MeJA诱导下调。(4)分别构建了TcALDH和TcGLIP启动子与GUS基因融合的植物表达载体,转化烟草并对其转基因叶片进行GUS活性染色发现,TcALDH启动子在烟草叶片腺体、腺毛头部及叶肉细胞中表达,而TcGLIP启动子仅在烟草叶肉细胞中表达。综上认为,TcALDH和TcGLIP的启动子具有组织特异性,TcALDH启动子具有MeJA和ABA激素诱导特性。该研究结果为除虫菊TcALDH和TcGLIP基因参与除虫菊酯合成的调控机制提供了新见解。     

龙眼DCL家族基因的启动子分析及时空表达

为了解龙眼DCL基因的功能,该试验对龙眼基因组数据提取的DlDCL1、DlDCL2、DlDCL3和DlDCL4基因序列进行启动子顺式作用元件及其受miRNA调控的分析;并以龙眼胚性愈伤组织为材料,研究了DlDCLs不同基因成员在非生物胁迫和外源激素处理下的表达情况。结果显示:(1)龙眼DCL基因启动子中除了TATA和CAAT外,还具有大量的光反应元件、激素应答元件、胁迫响应元件、组织特异性调控元件及植物生长发育相关的顺式调控元件,提示龙眼DCL基因启动子转录活性可能受到光、激素信号及逆境胁迫因素的诱导。(2)对调控龙眼DCL基因的miRNA进行筛选,结果显示DlDCL1受miR162和miR1024调控,DlDCL4受miR390和miR396调控。(3)实时荧光定量PCR显示,在一定浓度范围内,外源激素GA3、ABA和ETH均能下调DlDCLs基因的表达,而高浓度ETH处理则显著上调DlDCLs的表达。(4)高浓度蔗糖(6%)处理时DlDCL2、DlDCL3和DlDCL4显著上调表达,而低浓度(0.1%)处理时DlDCL1显著上调表达;不同温度处理下,DlDCL1在34℃时显著上升,DlDCL3随着温度的提高相对表达量逐渐减低;而DlDCL2和DlDCL4表达量差异不明显;NaCl胁迫处理下,DlDCLs在1h处理时表达量下调,但在其他不同时间点则上调表达。研究表明,龙眼DCL基因在外源激素及非生物胁迫处理下,并非是简单的一对一响应,而是存在较为复杂的响应机制。     

番茄转录因子基因SlWRKY6的克隆与原核表达分析

该研究基于番茄基因组数据库SGN(Sol Genomic Network)信息,利用RT PCR从栽培番茄‘M82’(Solanum lycopersicum)中成功克隆到番茄SlWRKY6基因(登录号：Solyc02g080890),通过qRT PCR方法和原核表达初步验证其生物学功能。结果表明：(1)生物信息学分析显示,番茄SlWRKY6基因ORF全长1 653 bp,编码550个氨基酸,其蛋白结构含有1个WRKYGQK保守结构域和C₂H₂锌指结构域,属于IIb类;其基因启动子上游1 500 bp含有多个激素响应元件和非生物胁迫响应元件。(2)进化树分析显示,SlWRKY6与潘那利番茄SpWRKY31 X1(NP_001352691.1)的相似性最高,且定位于细胞核内。(3)qRT PCR结果显示,SlWRKY6基因在番茄根、茎、叶中均有表达,在叶中的表达量最高,且受盐和干旱诱导表达。(4)SDS PAGE及Western blot结果显示,pET 30a SlWRKY6重组蛋白的大小约66 kDa,与预期大小一致。(5)原核表达分析显示,重组菌E. coli BL21∷pET 30a SlWRKY6在不同浓度盐(NaCl)和干旱(Mannitol)胁迫下生长速度显著低于对照菌E. coli BL21∷pET 30a,且在400 mmol/L NaCl、800 mmol/L甘露醇胁迫条件下最为显著;滴板实验初步验证SlWRKY6转录因子能提高重组菌E. coli BL21∷pET 30a SlWRKY6在ABA和pH 9(NaOH)胁迫的耐受性;在400 mmol/L NaCl、pH 5(HCl)、800 mmol/L甘露醇胁迫条件下耐受能力降低。研究表明,SlWRKY6转录因子可能通过参与ABA途径来响应非生物胁迫。     

葡萄Alfin like转录因子家族的鉴定和表达分析

Alfin like (AL) 转录因子家族对高盐、低温、干旱等非生物胁迫反应具有重要的调控作用。该研究采用同源比对的方法检索鉴定葡萄AL转录因子家族基因、分析其生物信息学特性,并采用qRT PCR方法分析非生物胁迫下AL基因的表达特征,以探究葡萄AL基因在非生物逆境胁迫中的功能。 结果表明：(1)在葡萄中共鉴定出6个AL基因家族成员,分别命名为VvAL1~VvAL6,且6个成员分别分布在6条染色体上。(2)葡萄中AL转录因子具有高度保守的DUF3594结构域和PHD结构域,各家族成员均含有5个外显子和4个内含子;上游启动子区域分析发现大量植物激素与非生物胁迫响应相关的顺式作用元件。(3)基因芯片表达模式分析显示,盐、干旱、ABA胁迫以及低温(5 ℃)处理均显著影响葡萄AL家族基因(VvAL1~VvAL6)的表达。(4)qRT PCR检测显示,不同胁迫处理下AL基因在葡萄叶片中的表达水平不同;ABA处理下葡萄AL转录因子家族基因表达量较对照均显著下调,但在PEG处理下差异不显著;在盐胁迫处理下,VvAL2、VvAL4、VvAL5基因的表达量均显著上调,分别是对照的23倍、8.5倍和10.5倍,而VvAL1和VvAL6基因的表达量均显著下调,分别是对照的33倍和25倍。研究发现,葡萄AL转录因子家族与植物激素和非生物胁迫密切相关,尤其是该家族基因强烈响应高盐胁迫。     

萝卜乙烯合成途径基因的鉴定及对胁迫的响应

该研究通过生物信息学方法,对萝卜(Raphanus sativus L.)乙烯合成途径关键结构基因(MAT、ACS和ACO)家族成员进行鉴定,并利用转录组数据和荧光定量方法探究其组织表达和对生物及非生物胁迫的响应。结果表明：(1)萝卜基因组中包含8个MAT、16个ACS和7个ACO基因,均可分为3个亚家族。(2)这些基因启动子中至少含有1个光响应顺式作用元件;除ACO1.1和ACO3外,其余基因启动子中均至少含有一种响应植物激素的顺式作用元件;多个基因启动子中含有响应生物及非生物胁迫的顺式作用元件。(3)转录组数据分析发现,萝卜所有MAT、ACS6.1和ACO2/3/4在叶片中均具较高的表达量;根癌农杆菌侵染诱导抗病萝卜的MAT2 4、ACS2/7.1/7.2和ACO1.1/1.2/4显著上调表达,而感病材料多个基因下调表达;铅、镉和铬胁迫均显著促进MAT4.2和ACO1.1/4的表达,但抑制MAT1和ACO5.1的表达;4 ℃低温显著抑制MAT2.1/2.2/4.1和ACO1.1/5.2的表达。(4)qRT PCR分析表明,NaCl和PEG 6000均显著促进ACO5.1/5.2的表达,但抑制MAT4.1和ACO4的表达;果糖和蔗糖可能参与了萝卜对PEG 6000胁迫的响应。该结果为研究萝卜乙烯合成途径基因家族成员的功能奠定了基础。     

The phylogenetic placement of Ostropales within Lecanoromycetes (Ascomycota) revisited

Results of molecular studies regarding the phylogenetic placement of the order Ostropales and related taxa within Lecanoromycetes were thus far inconclusive. Some analyses placed the order as sister to the rest of Lecanoromycetes, while others inferred a position nested within Lecanoromycetes. We assembled a data set of 101 species including sequences from nuLSU rDNA, mtSSU rDNA, and the nuclear protein-coding RPB1 for each species to examine the cause of incongruencies in previously published phylogenies. MP, minimum evolution, and Bayesian analyses were performed using the combined three-region data set and the single-gene data sets. The position of Ostropales nested in Lecanoromycetes is confirmed in all single-gene and concatenated analyses, and a placement as sister to the rest of Lecanoromycetes is significantly rejected using two independent methods of alternative topology testing. Acarosporales and related taxa (Acarosporaceae group) are basal in Lecanoromycetes. However, if the these basal taxa are excluded from the analyses, Ostropales appear to be sister to the rest of Lecanoromycetes, suggesting different ingroup rooting as the cause for deviating topologies in previously published phylogenies.     

Genome Analysis inNeurospora crassa;Cloning of Four Lociarginine-1(arg-1),methionine-6(met-6),unknown-7(un-7), andribosome production-1(rip-1) and Associated Chromosome Walking

We have cloned fourNeurospora crassagenes by complementation analysis. Cloned genes include thearginine-1(arg-1),methionine-6(met-6),unknown-7(un-7), andribosome production-1(rip-1) loci. Chromosome walks were initiated in ordered cosmid libraries from the cloned loci. A total of about 700 kb of theNeurosporagenome is covered in these walks.     

New species of Phaeoramularia, Pseudocercospora and Stenella from Western Ghats of India

Four new species of the hyphomycete genera Phaeoramularia viz. Ph. caesalpinae, Pseudocercospora viz., Ps. tiliacearum, Stenella, viz. S. argyreiae and S. grewiae occurring on Caesalpinia bonducella Fleming (Caesalpiniaceae), Grewia sp. (Tiliaceae), Argyrea sp. Lour (Convolvulaceae) and Grewia sp. L. (Tiliaceae), respectively are described and illustrated here. All these fungi were collected from Western Ghats of India.     

The phylogenetic placement of the Leucogastrales, including Mycolevis siccigleba (Cribbeaceae), in the Albatrellaceae using morphological and molecular data

The morphology of many hypogeous fungi converges on a homogeneous reduced form, suggesting that disparate lineages are subject to a uniform selection pressure. The primary goal of this study was to evaluate the morphology and infer the phylogeny of the Leucogastrales with Mycolevis siccigleba using a Bayesian methodology. A comprehensive morphological assessment was used for an a priori phylogenetic inference to guide the sequencing effort. All structures except spore ornamentation pointed to the Albatrellaceae as the most likely sister taxon. Polyporoletus sublividus, a close relative of Albatrellus, produces ornamented basidiospores with a similar structure to M. siccigleba basidiospores. The ITS from 30 taxa was used for the molecular phylogenetic analysis. P. sublividus was found sister to Mycolevis. Leucophleps spinispora and L. magnata formed a group sister to the Polyporoletus/Mycolevis group, whereas Leucogaster was polyphyletic with respect to the core of the Leucogastrales and sister to A. caeruleoporus. This relationship was expected as previously undescribed chlamydospores produced by members of Albatrellus had a similar morphology to the basidiospores of L. rubescens.     

下延叉蕨和芽胞叉蕨配子体发育的研究

利用光学显微镜详细观察了叉蕨属(Tectaria)下延叉蕨(Tectaria decurrens)和芽胞叉蕨(T.fauriei)的配子体发育过程,记录了配子体各发育阶段的特征。结果表明:(1)下延叉蕨和芽胞叉蕨的孢子均为单裂缝,具周壁,由周壁形成纹饰,孢子极面观椭圆形,赤道面观豆形或肾形。(2)孢子萌发方式为向心型。(3)原叶体发育方式为三叉蕨型。(4)成熟原叶体心脏形,两翼向斜上方扩展。(5)均具单细胞和多细胞毛状体,在丝状体或片状体阶段出现。研究认为,从配子体发育角度看,叉蕨属是较进化的陆生真蕨类;毛状体的类型、位置和出现时间等特征在叉蕨属种间存在差异,可作为该属种间分类的特征。     

Characterisation of cell wall polysaccharides, arabinogalactans-proteins (AGPs) and phenolics of Cola nitida, Cola acuminata and Garcinia kola seeds

Many Cola plant species are endemic to West and Central Africa. Cola acuminata and Cola nitida are used as masticatory when fresh, while the dried nuts are used for beverages and pharmaceutical purposes in Europe and North America. Garcinia kola seeds, that serve as a substitute for the true kola nuts, are used in African traditional medicine for the treatment of various diseases, including colic, headache and liver cirrhosis. Seeds extracts of G. kola are also known for their anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and antiviral properties. To gain information on the chemical properties of the kolas, we have isolated and analyzed cell wall polysaccharides, arabinogalactan-proteins and phenolic substances from the seeds of the three kola species. The sugar composition of cell wall material of C. acuminata, C. nitida and G. kola revealed that Gal (up to 30%), Ara, GalA and Glc as the predominant monosaccharides, representing approximately 90% by mol of the total hydrolysable sugar present in this material. In Ammonium oxalate cell wall fraction, GalA was found to be the major sugar present in all kola species. In the alkali-soluble fraction, there were significant differences in the level of Glc and Gal. The level of Glc was high in C. acuminata and C. nitida while the level of Gal and Xyl were high in C. nitida and G. cola. Isolation and quantification of arabinogalactan-proteins demonstrate that G. kola seeds contained four to eight times more of these proteoglycans than the seeds of the other two species. Finally, analysis of soluble phenolic substances shows that caffeine and catechin were largely represented in C. acumina and C. nitida seeds, with caffeine accounting for 50% of all soluble phenolics. These findings indicate that the three Kola seeds are highly enriched in pectins and proteoglycans and that C. acuminata and C. nitida can be used as a possible source of caffeine and catechin.     

Evolutionary relationships among aquatic anamorphs and teleomorphs: Lemonniera, Margaritispora, and Goniopila

The hypothesis that similar conidial morphologies in aquatic hyphomycetes are a result of convergent evolution was tested using molecular sequence data. Cladistic analyses were performed on partial sequences of 28S rDNA of seven species of Lemonniera, one species of Margaritispora and one species of Goniopila. Lemonniera has tetraradiate conidia with long arms, whereas Margaritispora and Goniopila have typically globose (isodiametric) conidia, with short conical protuberances in a stellate or quadrangular arrangement. Lemonniera and Margaritispora have phialidic conidiogenesis and both produce dark, minute sclerotia in culture whereas Goniopila has holoblastic conidiogenesis and does not produce sclerotia in culture. Goniopila produces a microconidial phialidic synanamorph in culture. All three genera have schizolytic conidial secession. Molecular analyses demonstrate that Lemonniera species are placed in two distinct clades: one within Leotiomycetes; the other within Pleosporales, Dothideomycetes. Margaritispora is placed with Lemonniera species within Leotiomycetes. Goniopila and Lemonniera pseudofloscula are placed within Dothideomycetes. No morphological character was entirely congruent with the molecular derived phylogeny. This suggests that for the group of species studied, conidial shape is not a reliable indicator of phylogeny but more likely the result of convergent evolution in response to the aquatic environment.     

甘菊ClHSP70与ClHSP90基因的克隆及表达分析

该研究以甘菊(Chrysanthemum lavandulifolium)为实验材料,通过RT-PCR方法从甘菊转录组数据中分离出热激蛋白合成相关基因,命名为ClHSP70和ClHSP90。序列分析表明,ClHSP70基因ORF全长为2 559bp,编码852个氨基酸,蛋白功能区预测表明含有典型的HSP70蛋白NBD和SBD保守结构域;ClHSP90基因ORF全长为2 094bp,编码697个氨基酸,含有HATPase结构域和HSP90保守结构域。生物信息学分析表明,甘菊ClHSP70与大豆(Glycine max)和烟草(Nicotiana tomentosiformis)HSP70蛋白有较高的一致性,ClHSP90基因编码的氨基酸序列与紫茎泽兰(Ageratina adenophora)HSP90高度相似;实时荧光定量表达分析表明,在42℃处理不同时间,甘菊叶片中ClHSP70和ClHSP90基因表达均在0.5h时显著增加,1h达到最大值,2h后缓慢下降;不同组织表达分析表明,甘菊在42℃处理1h后,ClHSP70在成熟叶中的表达量显著高于嫩叶和根等其他组织;ClHSP90在成熟茎中的表达量最高。研究说明,ClHSP70和ClHSP90基因具有热激蛋白特征,参与了甘菊热胁迫应答过程,该研究结果为以后深入研究其基因功能奠定了基础。     

Molecular and morphological characterization of Leveillula (Ascomycota: Erysiphales) on monocotyledonous plants

Leveillula on monocotyledonous plants have been recorded as L. taurica by several authors, whereas the fungus on Allium has been described as an independent species, namely L. allii, by some authors. We sequenced ca 600 bp of the rDNA ITS region for two Leveillula specimens from Allium and Polianthes (both from monocotyledons) and compared them with several already published sequences from Leveillula isolates from dicotyledons. Pair-wise percentages of sequence divergences were calculated for all Leveillula isolates. The ITS sequence of the Polianthes isolate was identical to L. taurica on Helianthus and Vicia. The sequence of the Allium isolate was 99.5 % identical to L. taurica on Euphorbia, Haplophylum, Peganum, etc. These results suggest close relationships between monocot and dicot pathogenic Leveillula species. The identity between two monocot isolates was 98.4 %. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the two monocot isolates do not group into a clade together. This result suggests that Leveillula acquired parasitism to monocots at least twice independently.