基于COⅠ基因对三种大黑鳃金龟分类地位的研究

本试验将江南大黑鳃金龟Holotrichia gebleri Faldermann分别与东北大黑鳃金龟Holotrichia diomphalia Bates、华北大黑鳃金龟Holotrichia oblita Faldermann进行了杂交试验,得到了F1代成虫,自交得到了F2代,表明F1代的雌雄虫具有正常的生殖力,3种金龟子之间不存在生殖隔离。对这3种大黑鳃金龟的COⅠ基因进行了扩增与测序并构建了系统进化树,结果显示:江南大黑、华北大黑和东北大黑3种鳃金龟的遗传距离相近,分类地差别不显著,与外类群的暗黑鳃金龟Holotrichia parallela Motschulsky在遗传距离和分类地位上差异显著。以上结果表明,江南大黑鳃金龟、东北大黑鳃金龟和华北大黑鳃金龟应为同一个物种的不同地理类群。     

四个齿爪鳃金龟类群分类地位的RAPD分析

本应用RAPD技术对齿爪鳃金龟属（Holotrichia)的四个类群进行了分类地位的研究,结果表明,不同类群间的平均遗传距离分别为：华北大黑鳃金龟的登种群与南京种群间为0．346,登种群与东北大黑锶金龟间为0．375,南京种群与东北大黑鳃金龟间为0．359,矮臂锶金龟与登种群,南京种群和东北大黑鳃金龟间分别为0．552,0．545和0．534。对RAPD指纹图谱进行UPGMA聚类分析,系统发育树将以上四个类群分为了差异显的两大类,综合各项研究指标,东北大黑鳃金龟与华北大黑鳃金龟之间的差异为种群水平的变化,东北大黑鳃金龟与华北大黑鳃金龟属同种昆虫,按照动物命名法规,东北大黑鳃金龟应为华北大黑鳃金龟的同物异名。     

重要地下害虫东北大黑鳃金龟研究进展

东北大黑鳃金龟Holotrichia diomphalia是我国东北地区重要的蛴螬类地下害虫,主要危害麦类、玉米、豆类等大田作物,以及薯类、花生等经济作物。华北大黑鳃金龟Holotrichia oblita和江南大黑鳃金龟Holotrichia gebleri是华北及江南地区的主要蛴螬类害虫。近年来,传统分类学、杂交实验以及分子生物学的研究都证明,3种鳃金龟是同一个物种的不同地理种群,这些研究成果使东北大黑鳃金龟从一个区域性害虫转变成为分布范围从东北到长江流域的广布害虫。本文综合介绍了东北大黑鳃金龟(包括华北大黑鳃金龟、江南大黑鳃金龟)近二十年来的研究成果,包括分类学、发生规律、防治措施,以及生理生化及分子生物学等,并对东北大黑鳃金龟的综合治理研究进行了展望。     

沈阳花生田东北大黑鳃金龟周年动态与幼虫取食量研究

为摸清沈阳花生田东北大黑鳃金龟Holotrichia diomphalia Bates的发生数量,明确幼虫的取食为害水平,本研究采用诱虫灯对花生田内栖息的东北大黑鳃金龟害虫开展了多年的监测,并将诱集到的成虫带回室内饲养观察,研究其卵的发育和幼虫取食量变化。结果表明,东北大黑鳃金龟每年均有两个上灯活动高峰,不同年度间金龟的始现期存在差异,上灯虫量在不同年度间呈多寡交替的特征;降雨对东北大黑鳃金龟的上灯活动产生较大影响,雨天金龟基本不上灯。东北大黑鳃金龟3龄幼虫期长达329.8±1.80 d,其取食量随取食时间的增加符合正态分布,食物利用率(ECI)达1.32%±0.339%,幼虫3龄末期体重达到最大,但化蛹后随最后一次蜕皮又损失部分体重。东北大黑鳃金龟是沈阳花生田的重要害虫,以3龄幼虫取食幼苗造成的危害损失最大。金龟出土活动与环境温度和降雨发生均有密切关系。利用诱虫灯在6-7月集中诱杀金龟,可有效地减轻下一年蛴螬的危害损失。     

土壤含水量对华北大黑鳃金龟生长发育的影响

室内试验研究土壤含水量对华北大黑鳃金龟Holotrichia oblita Faldermann生长发育的影响。结果表明,土壤含水量对华北大黑鳃金龟的影响因其发育阶段的不同而异。卵期适宜土壤含水量为10%～20%,幼虫期、蛹期适宜土壤含水量分别为10%～15%和15%～20%。土壤含水量为10%～15%时,成虫性比接近1∶1。土壤含水量为15%时,世代存活率最高。     

华北大黑鳃金龟幼虫血细胞的超微结构观察

应用光学和电子显微镜技术检查了华北大黑鳃金龟3龄幼虫血淋巴内的血细胞,识别出5种类型的血细胞(原血胞、浆血胞、颗粒血胞、珠血胞和凝血胞)并对每一种血细胞的超微结构特点进行描述。     

大黑鳃金龟“三查三定”测报办法的探讨

<正> 大黑鳃金龟 Holotrichia oblita Falder-mann在山东省多为二年发生1代,以成虫和幼虫隔年交替越冬,是农作物的重要地下害虫。由于该成虫趋光性弱,飞翔力不强,夜晚扑灯量很少,尤其是早春气温低,利用黑光灯诱集较为     

五种鳃金龟幼虫描述（鞘翅目）

对日胸突鳃金龟Hoplosternus japonicus Harold,坦狭肋鳃金龟Holotrichia tonkinensis Moser,白云鳃金龟替代亚种Polyphylla alba vicaria Semenov,大皱鳃金龟Trematodes grandis Semenov和二色希鳃金龟Hilyotrogus bicoloreus(Heyden)5种幼虫首次进行了形态描述,绘制了特征图,并编制了幼虫分类检索表。     

华北大黑鳃金龟对桃树挥发物的电生理反应

【目的】华北大黑鳃金龟Holotrichia oblita是一种分布范围广,寄主种类多的农业害虫。本研究鉴定了桃树顶空挥发物中对华北大黑鳃金龟雌虫具有触角电生理活性的化合物,并探索桃树挥发物活性成分的剂量对华北大黑鳃金龟雌、雄虫触角电生理反应的影响。【方法】采用顶空吸附法收集桃树枝叶挥发物,用气相色谱 触角电位联用技术(GC-EAD)和气相色谱 质谱联用技术(GC-MS)鉴定有电生理活性的桃树挥发物成分,最后用触角电位(electroantennograph, EAG)技术测试这些挥发物在0.01,0.1, 1, 10和100 μg剂量下引起的华北大黑鳃金龟雌、雄成虫EAG反应。【结果】桃树挥发物中能引起华北大黑鳃金龟雌成虫触角电生理反应的成分有7种,包括Z-β-罗勒烯、顺-3-己烯乙酸酯、顺-3-己烯醇、壬醛、水杨酸甲酯以及2种未知化合物。所测试的对华北大黑鳃金龟雌成虫触角具有电生理活性的5种桃树挥发物成分在各剂量下都能引起雌、雄成虫明显的EAG反应。雌、雄虫对同种物质的EAG反应随着剂量的增加而有增大的趋势,并且雌虫的EAG反应显著高于雄虫。【结论】桃树挥发物中,罗勒烯、顺-3-己烯乙酸酯、顺-3-己烯醇、壬醛、水杨酸甲酯均能引起华北大黑鳃金龟雌、雄成虫的剂量依赖性的触角电生理反应,而且存在显著的性别差异。可利用这些化合物开展行为反应和田间诱集试验,进一步验证其对华北大黑鳃金龟的引诱活性。     

中国正鳃金龟属暨四新种记述(鞘翅目:鳃金龟科)

本文记述中国新纪录正鳃金龟属Malaisius Arrow(1941)及4个新种——云南松正鳃金龟Malaisius pinae,介正鳃金龟M.intermedius,背黑正鳃金龟M.melanodiscus及闽正鳃金龟M.fujianensls。结合4新种之特征,重新描述了本属属征,指出正鳃金龟属与歪鳃金龟属Cyphochilus Waterheuse近缘。     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Enterovirus 71 3C proteolytically processes the histone H3 N-terminal tail during infection

Highlights
1. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 is specifically cleaved during EV71 infection.
2. Viral protease 3C is identified as a protease responsible for proteolytically processing the N-terminal H3 tail.
3. Our finding reveals a new epigenetic regulatory mechanism for Enterovirus 71 in virus-host interactions.     

Detection of EBV and HHV6 in the Brain Tissue of Patients with Rasmussen’s Encephalitis

Rasmussen’s encephalitis (RE) is a rare pediatric neurological disorder, and the exact etiology is not clear. Viral infection may be involved in the pathogenesis of RE, but conflicting results have reported. In this study, we evaluated the expression of both Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human herpes virus (HHV) 6 antigens in brain sections from 30 patients with RE and 16 control individuals by immunohistochemistry. In the RE group, EBV and HHV6 antigens were detected in 56.7% (17/30) and 50% (15/30) of individuals, respectively. In contrast, no detectable EBV and HHV6 antigen expression was found in brain tissues of the control group. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in 20.0% (6/30) of individuals. In particular, a 4-year-old boy had a typical clinical course, including a medical history of viral encephalitis, intractable epilepsy, and hemispheric atrophy. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in neurons and astrocytes in the brain tissue, accompanied by a high frequency of CD8⁺ T cells. Our results suggest that EBV and HHV6 infection and the activation of CD8⁺ T cells are involved in the pathogenesis of RE.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.