共查询到17条相似文献,搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
对昆虫血细胞的类型及其衍生转化等基本问题至今许多学者认识仍然未能完全统一。目前急需解决的问题是阐明各个基本血细胞类型的主要特征,过去用光学显微镜对血细胞的观察,必须进一步进行电子显微镜观察核实,以便更加明确它们的结构特征和生物学功能。本文以铜绿丽金龟三龄幼虫为实验材料,采用光学显微镜和电子显微镜观察相结合的方法,研究虫体内各类血细胞超微结构的基本特征。 相似文献
2.
东北大黑鳃金龟嗅感器超微结构 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
利用扫描电镜和透射电镜对东北大黑鳃金龟Holotrichia diomphalia成虫触角嗅感器进行超微结构研究。结果表明: 其嗅感器集中于触角鳃片上,着生在表皮内陷形成的凹腔里。嗅感器包括锥形感器和板形感器两种,锥形感器根据锥体形状的差异可分为4种类型,板形感器根据盘体形状的不同可分为5种类型。嗅感器表皮为单壁,壁上具有微孔和孔道微管。嗅感器内神经元的数目并不一致,1~3个不等。雄性触角鳃片的长度长于雌性触角鳃片,并且雄性触角嗅感器的总数远远多于雌性,其中雄性板形感器的数目与雌性差异不大,但雄性锥形感器的数目却远远的多于雌性,几乎是雌性的9倍。由此推测锥形感器是感受性信息素的感器,而板形感器用于感受植物气味。 相似文献
4.
5.
华北大黑鳃金龟幼虫对3种寄主植物根系分泌物的趋性反应 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
华北大黑鳃金龟幼虫是我国北方地区为害植物根系的重要土壤害虫,探索寄主根系分泌物对其引诱作用,可以为开发大黑鳃金龟幼虫引诱剂等绿色防控提供理论基础.以纯净空气作为对照,利用“Y”型嗅觉仪分别测定了3龄幼虫对花生、大豆、玉米根系的趋性反应.以正己烷为对照,采用GC-MS分析鉴定3种根系分泌物的成分,观测试虫对其主要成分的嗅觉反应.结果表明: 华北大黑鳃金龟幼虫对花生、大豆和玉米根系都具有显著的趋向性.通过GC-MS分析鉴定发现,根系分泌物主要成分在3种植物中均有20种及以上,而且在不同植物之间除丙三醇、十二醇和乙苯3种共有组分之外,其余组分存在明显差异.分泌物的趋性反应结果显示,供试幼虫对分泌物同一组分不同浓度的趋性反应程度明显不同.在浓度为40和80 μg·mL-1时,2-丁烯酸、甲基丁二酸、肉豆蔻酸、乙酸和邻苯二甲酸等的引诱虫数显著多于对照;在浓度为100、200 μg·mL-1时,化合物十四烷和十六烷等的引诱虫数显著多于对照.在浓度为300、500 μg·mL-1时,供试幼虫对对二甲苯、邻二甲苯和棕榈酸甘油酯等有显著的趋向性反应.可见,植物根系分泌物的主要成分对华北大黑鳃金龟幼虫具有显著的引诱作用. 相似文献
6.
东北与华北大黑鳃金龟分类地位的研究(鞘翅目:鳃角金龟科) 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
采用RAPD技术和杂交方法对东北大黑鳃金龟(Holotrichia diomphalia Bates1888)和华北大黑鳃金龟(H.oblita(Faldermann1935)的分类地位进行了研究。作者应用40条引物,采用UPDGA法对华北大黑的南京和文登种群。东北大黑的沈阳种群。以及其外群矮臀鳃金龟(H.ernesti Reitter)进行了RAPD分析。所建立的系统发育树显示,东北大黑具有与华北大黑两个地理种群相同的分类地位。同时,作者对两种金龟甲进行了正反交的杂交试验。试验共得到21头正交F1代成虫,3头反交F1代成虫,F1代生活正常,采用东北大黑与F1代回交的方法研究F1代的可育性,2001年6月10日的检查结果显示,四个处理均得到大量回交杂种一龄幼虫和少量二龄幼虫,F1代的雌雄虫均具有正常的生殖力。以上结果表明;两种金龟的次异名。为无效名。 相似文献
7.
为明确华北大黑鳃金龟Holotrichia oblita周期蛋白基因(Period, Per)的表达模式,本研究采用RACE技术从2龄幼虫中克隆到生物钟基因HoPer,并进行生物信息学分析;再采用RT-qPCR技术检测HoPer在不同发育阶段、雌雄成虫不同组织以及不同光周期下的表达水平。结果表明:HoPer编码1 172个氨基酸,蛋白分子量129.67 kDa,等电点为5.62。HoPer推导出的氨基酸序列中具有2个PAS和1个Period C结构域,是昆虫PER蛋白的典型结构特征。表达模式分析得出:HoPer在各个发育阶段均有表达,但在卵中的表达量显著高于其他发育时期;HoPer在雌雄成虫的头和触角中表达水平最高,其次为翅和足,在胸和腹中表达水平最低;雌雄成虫中HoPer在试验设定的5个光周期中未发现明显的表达差异。本研究为进一步阐明华北大黑鳃金龟HoPer基因功能以及其在生物钟网络中的调控作用提供了一定的参考。 相似文献
8.
华北大黑金龟幼虫对注射细菌的免疫反应 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
在华北大黑金龟三龄幼虫体腔内分别注射病原菌Bacillus popilliae及非病原菌Bacillus megaterium,观察血细胞总数(THC)和血淋巴蛋白质组分的变化。注射后15分钟,两者使THC都下降50%左右,1小时后开始回升。这时,注射非病原菌的幼虫THC上升到最高峰,约超过正常的86%。此后10小时内又经过三次下降和回升。用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳测定表明,注射病原菌的幼虫血淋巴会产生蛋 相似文献
9.
东北大黑鳃金龟Holotrichia diomphalia是我国东北地区重要的蛴螬类地下害虫,主要危害麦类、玉米、豆类等大田作物,以及薯类、花生等经济作物。华北大黑鳃金龟Holotrichia oblita和江南大黑鳃金龟Holotrichia gebleri是华北及江南地区的主要蛴螬类害虫。近年来,传统分类学、杂交实验以及分子生物学的研究都证明,3种鳃金龟是同一个物种的不同地理种群,这些研究成果使东北大黑鳃金龟从一个区域性害虫转变成为分布范围从东北到长江流域的广布害虫。本文综合介绍了东北大黑鳃金龟(包括华北大黑鳃金龟、江南大黑鳃金龟)近二十年来的研究成果,包括分类学、发生规律、防治措施,以及生理生化及分子生物学等,并对东北大黑鳃金龟的综合治理研究进行了展望。 相似文献
10.
【目的】华北大黑鳃金龟Holotrichia oblita是一种分布范围广,寄主种类多的农业害虫。本研究鉴定了桃树顶空挥发物中对华北大黑鳃金龟雌虫具有触角电生理活性的化合物,并探索桃树挥发物活性成分的剂量对华北大黑鳃金龟雌、雄虫触角电生理反应的影响。【方法】采用顶空吸附法收集桃树枝叶挥发物,用气相色谱 触角电位联用技术(GC-EAD)和气相色谱 质谱联用技术(GC-MS)鉴定有电生理活性的桃树挥发物成分,最后用触角电位(electroantennograph, EAG)技术测试这些挥发物在0.01,0.1, 1, 10和100 μg剂量下引起的华北大黑鳃金龟雌、雄成虫EAG反应。【结果】桃树挥发物中能引起华北大黑鳃金龟雌成虫触角电生理反应的成分有7种,包括Z-β-罗勒烯、顺-3-己烯乙酸酯、顺-3-己烯醇、壬醛、水杨酸甲酯以及2种未知化合物。所测试的对华北大黑鳃金龟雌成虫触角具有电生理活性的5种桃树挥发物成分在各剂量下都能引起雌、雄成虫明显的EAG反应。雌、雄虫对同种物质的EAG反应随着剂量的增加而有增大的趋势,并且雌虫的EAG反应显著高于雄虫。【结论】桃树挥发物中,罗勒烯、顺-3-己烯乙酸酯、顺-3-己烯醇、壬醛、水杨酸甲酯均能引起华北大黑鳃金龟雌、雄成虫的剂量依赖性的触角电生理反应,而且存在显著的性别差异。可利用这些化合物开展行为反应和田间诱集试验,进一步验证其对华北大黑鳃金龟的引诱活性。 相似文献
11.
12.
Hemocytes of two tick species, Ixodes ricinus and Ornithodoros moubata, were investigated with the aim to determine their ultrastructural characteristics and developmental relationships. Only a limited number of ultrastructural features was shown to be unequivocally homological across all hemocyte types. The two species, representing distant groups of ticks, differ in the composition of their circular cell populations. In I. ricinus, three groups of distinct morphological types of hemocytes could be determined according to well-defined ultrastructural features: a typical non-phagocytic granular cell with electron-dense granula and homogeneous cytoplasm (Gr II), and two different types of phagocytic hemocytes, namely plasmatocytes with a low number of granula and phagocytic granolocytes, designated as Gr I. In contrast, an additional cell type resembling insect spherulocytes was determined in O. moubata. This cell type does not seem to be homologous to any I. ricinus hemocyte and may represent a cell type typical of soft ticks only. Possible ontogenetic lineages of the hemocytes of both tick-species were inferred. 相似文献
13.
Circulating hemocytes from larval stages of the paper wasp Polistes dominulus were characterized by light and transmission electron microscopy. Three types were identified: prohemocytes, plasmatocytes and granulocytes. The first two are agranular cells while the latter present typical cytoplasmic inclusions called granules. Plasmatocytes differ from prohemocytes being larger, showing lower nucleus/cytoplasm ratio and they possess many phagolysosomes. The substantial uniformity of most subcellular features and the presence of "intermediate forms" support the "single-cell theory" i.e., there is only one cell line that originates from the prohemocyte and leads to the granular cell passing through the plasmatocyte. This hypothesis seems to be confirmed by functional tests. Indeed, most part of cells adheres to the glass and is able to phagocytize fluorescent microspheres. 相似文献
14.
Xiangqun Nong Chunqin Liu Xing Lu Qinglei Wang Guangjun Wang Zehua Zhang 《Biocontrol Science and Technology》2011,21(5):593-603
We evaluated the pathogenicity of nine isolates of entomopathogenic fungi, including six isolates of Metarhizium anisopliae, one of Beauveria bassiana, and two of Beauveria brongniartii, against eggs and various larval instars of two scarab-beetle species, Holotrichia oblita and Anomala corpulenta, under laboratory conditions. The fungal isolates differed in pathogenicity. Generally, the isolates were more pathogenic to A. corpulenta than to H. oblita. Some of the isolates prevented egg hatching and caused larval death. Isolates M2-2 and Br5-8 caused 39 and 27% egg mortality, respectively, and produced 23 and 24% viewable fungal-infection rates in H. oblita. Three isolates had no significant effect on egg hatchability. Three isolates (Br5-8, Br232818, and M200614) caused about 40% mortality in H. oblita first instars. In A. corpulenta, all isolates except M200614 caused more than 60% egg mortality, and M2-2, Br232818 and Br5-8 caused egg-infection rates greater than 50%. M2-2 caused 47% infection and 100% mortality in first-instar larvae of A. corpulenta, while Br5-8 and Br232818 yielded over 80% mortality of the larvae. The three most virulent isolates, M2-2, Br232818 and Br5-8, were selected for further bioassays against second- and third-instar larvae. In addition, seven graduated concentrations of a Br5-8 conidial suspension were assayed against H. oblita second instars. Larval mortality was positively correlated with fungal dosage, and the LC50 was 4.49×106 conidia/mL. These three virulent isolates may be used to prevent H. oblita and A. corpulenta larval infestations in field crops. 相似文献
15.
Wei-Zheng Li Ying-Hua Yuan Shi-Heng An Guo-Hui Yuan Mei-Hao Luo Xian-Ru Guo 《生态学报》2009,29(5):293-296
Bioassays on selection and feeding responses of Holotrichia oblita adults to different plant species were conducted both in laboratory and under field conditions. The selection response bioassay showed that the adults were significantly attracted to Ricinus communis. In paired tests of the field cages, more than 60% adults were attracted to R. communis plants, while only 35.55%, 34.45%, 33.35%, and 26.65% were attracted to plants of Glycine max, Arachis hypogaea, Ipomoea batatas, and Gossypium hirsutum, respectively. In the laboratory, the selection response percentage of the adults to R. communis leaves reached up to 93% in the presence of other host plant leaves and still arrived at 70% in the absence of other host plant leaves. Feeding deterrence bioassay showed that the adults preferred to I. batatas leaves with 229.90 ± 4.25 mg leaf consumption and 41.30 ± 5.19 mg faeces excretion after 12 h, followed by the leaves of G. hirsutum and A. hypogaea. The adult did not prefer leaves of R. communi with only 7.10 ± 0.23 mg leaf consumption and corresponding 4.00 ± 0.84 mg fecal excretion. In summary, all experimental results suggested that the attraction of H. oblita adults to R. communi is not triggered for feeding. 相似文献
16.
Bioassays on selection and feeding responses of Holotrichia oblita adults to different plant species were conducted both in laboratory and under field conditions. The selection response bioassay showed that the adults were significantly attracted to Ricinus communis. In paired tests of the field cages, more than 60% adults were attracted to R. communis plants, while only 35.55%, 34.45%, 33.35%, and 26.65% were attracted to plants of Glycine max, Arachis hypogaea, Ipomoea batatas, and Gossypium hirsutum, respectively. In the laboratory, the selection response percentage of the adults to R. communis leaves reached up to 93% in the presence of other host plant leaves and still arrived at 70% in the absence of other host plant leaves. Feeding deterrence bioassay showed that the adults preferred to I. batatas leaves with 229.90 ± 4.25 mg leaf consumption and 41.30 ± 5.19 mg faeces excretion after 12 h, followed by the leaves of G. hirsutum and A. hypogaea. The adult did not prefer leaves of R. communi with only 7.10 ± 0.23 mg leaf consumption and corresponding 4.00 ± 0.84 mg fecal excretion. In summary, all experimental results suggested that the attraction of H. oblita adults to R. communi is not triggered for feeding. 相似文献
17.
丝氨酸蛋白酶是昆虫体内一类重要的消化酶, 为了了解该类酶的分子特性及功能, 本研究利用粉纹夜蛾Trichoplusia ni围食膜蛋白多克隆抗体筛选华北大黑鳃金龟Holotrichia oblita中肠cDNA表达文库, 首次得到编码华北大黑鳃金龟丝氨酸蛋白酶cDNA序列, 命名为HoSP1(GenBank登录号为FJ573146)。序列分析表明, 该基因长902 bp, 开放阅读框(ORF)长783 bp, 编码260个氨基酸, 推测分子量和pI值分别为26.7 kDa和4.19, 不含有N-糖基化位点, 但在Thr157处有一个O-糖基化位点, 含有6个保守的半胱氨酸残基, 组成3对二硫键, 对于维持蛋白质的三级结构起着重要的作用。通过与几种丝氨酸蛋白酶的比对发现, 该酶具有组氨酸(His)、 天冬氨酸(Asp)、 丝氨酸(Ser)催化中心, 与褐新西兰肋翅鳃金龟Costelytra zealandica的14种丝氨酸蛋白酶有明显的相似性, 其中与CzSP3的序列一致性最高, 为52.47%。把该基因与pET21b载体重组后, 进行体外表达, 以BTEE为底物, 测得该酶的活力为0.0378 μmol/mg·min。HoSP1基因的克隆及体外表达为进一步研究该酶在华北大黑鳃金龟体内的表达及功能提供了依据。 相似文献