间充质干细胞外泌体对肺脏上皮钠离子转运的调控作用研究

该文讨论了小鼠骨髓间充质干细胞来源的外泌体(bone mesenchymal stem cell-exosome,BMSC-exo)对肺损伤引起的肺泡上皮钠离子转运障碍的调控。从BMSCs的条件培养基中分离外泌体,利用透射电镜技术对其形态结构以及大小进行了鉴定;对培养的经典肺上皮细胞系H441细胞分别给予脂多糖或外泌体处理,应用qRT-PCR和Western blot技术检测了H441细胞中钠离子通道在mRNA和蛋白水平的表达情况。此外,研究结果表明,LPS处理的H441细胞中miR-199a-3p的表达明显降低;与单独应用LPS组相比,浓度为20μg/mL的外泌体处理组中miR-199a-3p的表达显著性升高;和阴性对照组(NC)相比,转染miR-199a-3p mimic的H441细胞中α-、γ-ENaC的表达明显升高,而和inhibitor NC组相比,miR-199a-3p inhibitor组的α-、γ-ENaC的表达则明显降低。网站预测结果显示,哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶蛋白(mammalian target of rapamycin,mTOR)是miR-199a-3p的靶蛋白,miR-199a-3p mimic组的mTOR蛋白的表达明显低于NC组;miR-199a-3p inhibitor组和inhibitor NC组相比,mTOR的表达显著性升高。以上结果表明,BMSC-exo可能经miR-199a-3p参与mTOR通路调节肺泡上皮细胞中钠离子通道的表达来促进肺脏上皮离子转运,进而可能促进病理条件下的肺脏液体清除,参与临床急性肺损伤等相关水肿性肺疾病的治疗。     

miR-106b在阿尔茨海默病中的作用机制

目的 探讨miR-106b在阿尔茨海默病(Alzheimer's disease,AD)发病中的作用.方法 取3月龄和6月龄APPswe/PSΔE9小鼠脑组织,进行microRNA芯片的检测;利用real-time PCR检测3、6、9月龄APPswe/PSΔE9小鼠脑组织中miR-106b的表达,对芯片检测结果进行验证;通过构建miR-106b稳定转染细胞系和miR-106b knockdown研究miR-106b与TGFBR2表达之间的关系; 构建TGFBR2 3'UTR-荧光素酶报告载体,验证miR-106b是否可以直接调控TGFBR2蛋白的表达;采用Western blot的方法检测APPswe/ΔPSΔE9小鼠和对照小鼠脑组织中TGFBR2蛋白的表达情况.结果 miR-106b在3月龄和6月龄AD模型小鼠脑组织中表达升高,在9月龄模型小鼠脑组织中表达降低;通过体外实验,我们发现miR-106b与TGFBR2蛋白的表达呈负相关;荧光素酶报告实验表明TGFBR2 3'UTR序列中包含miR-106b的结合位点;TGFBR2蛋白在3、6、9、12月龄AD模型小鼠脑组织中表达均降低.结论 miR-106b可能通过调控TGFBR2蛋白的表达影响TGF-β信号通路,从而参与AD的发病.     

miR-106b转基因小鼠的建立

目的:建立miR-106b转基因小鼠模型,探讨其在阿尔茨海默病(Alzheimer’s disease, AD)发病中的作用。方法:构建miR-106b表达载体,显微注射法建立miR-106b转基因小鼠。PCR鉴定转基因小鼠的基因型,real time RT-PCR检测miR-106b转基因小鼠脑组织中miR-106b的表达情况,Western blot检测miR-106b转基因小鼠脑组织中TGFBR2蛋白的表达。结果:构建了高表达miR-106b转基因小鼠;与对照相比,miR-106b转基因小鼠脑组织中TGFBR2蛋白的表达升高。结论:miR-106b转基因小鼠的建立为研究该microRNA在AD发病中的作用提供了工具。     

miR-130a靶向G3BP2促进乳腺癌侵袭

目的探讨基因预测软件Targetscan预测到的微小RNA-130a如何调节GTP酶激活蛋白SH3功能区结合蛋白2(GTPase activating protein SH3 binding protein 2,G3BP2)的表达,进而影响乳腺癌细胞的侵袭。方法应用实时荧光定量PCR(qRT-PCR)检测正常乳腺上皮及乳腺癌细胞系中miR-130a的表达水平;蛋白质印迹法(Western blot)检测改变miR-130a表达水平对乳腺癌细胞株MCF-7和MDA-MB-231中G3BP2及上皮间质转化(epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition,EMT)相关蛋白的影响;双荧光素酶报告基因实验检测miR-130a是否能与G3BP2靶向结合,以及Transwell侵袭实验检测miR-130a表达水平与MCF-7和MDA-MB-231细胞侵袭能力的关系。结果 qRT-PCR显示miR-130a表达量在高侵袭乳腺癌细胞株明显高于低侵袭乳腺癌细胞株MCF-7及正常乳腺上皮细胞;Western blot检测显示,miR-130a负向调控G3BP2的表达并促进乳腺癌细胞发生EMT;qRT-PCR显示改变乳腺癌细胞内miR-130a表达后G3BP2 mRNA基本没有变化;双荧光素酶报告基因结果显示,miR-130a能与G3BP2 mRNA的3’UTR结合;Transwell侵袭实验显示,miR-130a促进乳腺癌细胞的体外侵袭。结论 miR-130a通过靶向结合G3BP2 mRNA的3’UTR区,在翻译水平抑制G3BP2表达后促进乳腺癌细胞发生EMT,从而促进乳腺癌细胞的侵袭。     

miR-133b靶向抑制SGTB对oxLDL诱导的血管内皮细胞损伤的影响*

目的:探讨微小RNA-133b(miR-133b)靶向抑制富含谷氨酰胺三十四肽重复序列的小蛋白质分子(SGTB)对氧化低密度脂蛋白(oxLDL)诱导的血管内皮细胞损伤的影响。方法:采用100 μg/ml的oxLDL诱导人脐静脉血管内皮细胞(EVC-304)24 h构建血管内皮细胞损伤模型。将EVC-304细胞分为对照组、oxLDL组(oxLDL处理)、oxLDL+miR-NC组(转染20 nmol/L miR-NC+oxLDL处理)、oxLDL+miR-133b组(转染20 nmol/L miR-133b mimics+oxLDL处理)、oxLDL+si-NC组(转染20 nmol/L si-NC+oxLDL处理)、oxLDL+si-SGTB组(转染20 nmol/L si-SGTB+oxLDL处理)、oxLDL+miR-133b+pcDNA组(转染20 nmol/L si-SGTB和pcDNA+oxLDL处理)、oxLDL+miR-133b+pcDNA-SGTB组(转染20 nmol/L si-SGTB和pcDNA-SGTB处理)。实时荧光定量PCR(qRT-PCR)和蛋白质印记(Western blot)检测miR-133b和SGTB的表达水平;流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡;试剂盒检测丙二醛(MDA)含量、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)的活性;Western blot检测B细胞淋巴瘤/白血病-2(Bcl-2)和Bcl-2相关X蛋白(Bax)的表达水平。双荧光素酶报告基因实验和Western blot验证miR-133b对SGTB的靶向调控关系。结果:与对照组比较,oxLDL诱导后EVC-304细胞miR-133b、Bcl-2的表达水平显著降低(P＜0.05),SGTB、Bax的表达水平显著升高(P＜0.05),MDA含量和细胞凋亡率显著增加(P＜0.05),SOD和GSH-Px活性显著降低(P＜0.05)。过表达miR-133b或干扰SGTB均可抑制oxLDL诱导的EVC-304细胞凋亡和氧化应激损伤(P＜ 0.05)。miR-133b与SGTB直接结合,过表达miR-133b显著下调SGTB表达(P＜0.05),抑制miR-133b显著上调SGTB表达(P＜0.05)。过表达SGTB可逆转过表达miR-133b对oxLDL诱导的血管内皮细胞损伤的影响(P＜0.05)。结论:miR-133b通过靶向抑制SGTB的表达,可减轻oxLDL诱导的血管内皮细胞氧化应激损伤和细胞凋亡。     

PARP-1对高糖诱导的心肌细胞增殖的影响及机制研究

目的:研究PARP-1对高糖诱导的心肌细胞增殖的影响及可能机制。方法:用高糖处理H9C2细胞,qRT-PCR和Western blot检测细胞中PARP-1 m RNA和蛋白水平。H9C2细胞转染PARP-1 si RNA和si RNA control,q RT-PCR和Western blot检测细胞中PARP-1 m RNA和蛋白水平。用高糖处理转染PARP-1 si RNA后的H9C2细胞,CCK-8检测细胞增殖情况,硫代巴比妥酸法检测丙二醛(MDA)水平,黄嘌呤氧化酶法检测超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)水平,Western blot检测增殖细胞核抗原(PCNA)、p38丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(p38MAPK)、磷酸化的p38MAPK(p-p38MAPK)蛋白的表达。结果:高糖诱导的H9C2细胞中PARP-1 m RNA和蛋白水平明显高于正常培养的H9C2细胞(P0.05)。PARP-1 si RNA能够明显下调H9C2细胞中PARP-1 m RNA和蛋白水平。高糖处理后H9C2细胞存活率明显降低,细胞中MDA水平升高,细胞中SOD水平降低,细胞内的PCNA水平降低,p38MAPK磷酸化水平升高,与正常培养的H9C2细胞相比,差异均具有统计学意义(P0.05)。用高糖培养下调PARP-1的H9C2细胞,细胞存活率有所升高,细胞中MDA水平降低,细胞中SOD水平也升高,细胞中PCNA水平升高,细胞中p38MAPK磷酸化水平降低,与单纯高糖培养的细胞相比,差异均具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:PARP-1在高糖诱导的心肌细胞中表达上调,可能通过激活p38MAPK信号途径,增加细胞脂质氧化应激抑制心肌细胞增殖。     

miR-29b对人子宫内膜癌RL95-2细胞凋亡的影响

为了探讨miR-29b对人子宫内膜癌(endometrial cancer, EC) RL95-2细胞凋亡的影响及机制,本研究将RL95-2细胞转染miR-29b mimics和miR-NC后,采用MTT法检测细胞活力;运用Annexin V-PI法检测细胞凋亡;采用Western blotting检测Caspase-3蛋白表达;使用流式细胞术检测ROS水平。研究结果显示:与miR-NC组比较,miR-29b mimics过表达miR-29b组在培养24 h和48 h后的RL95-2细胞活力显著降低(p0.05)。与miR-NC组比较,miR-29b mimics组的RL95-2细胞凋亡率显著增加(p0.05)。与miR-NC组比较,miR-29b mimics组的RL95-2细胞Cleaved caspase-3蛋白表达水平显著增加(p0.05)。此外,miR-29b mimics组的RL95-2细胞ROS水平明显低于miR-NC组(p0.05)。本研究的初步结论表明:miR-29b可能通过调控ROS水平促进人RL95-2细胞凋亡。     

microRNA-125b调控心肌梗死后炎症的作用及其在不同心脏组成细胞中的调控作用

该研究旨在探究小鼠微小RNA-125b(microRNA-125b,miR-125b)调控心肌梗死后,内源性危险因子即高迁移率族蛋白1(high mobility group box-1 protein,HMGB1)释放诱导的炎症反应及其在3种心脏主要组成细胞中调控作用的比较。首先建立小鼠心梗模型,检测心梗早期miR-125b及炎性细胞因子白细胞介素-1β(interleukin-1β,IL-1β)、白细胞介素-6(interleukin-6,IL-6)、白细胞介素-12(interleukin-12,IL-12)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(tumor necrosis factor-α,TNF-a)的表达变化并观察心梗后miR-125b过表达对心功能的影响;用免疫组织化学和免疫荧光方法检测小鼠心肌梗死后内源性HMGB1的释放,并合成重组小鼠HMGB1(recombinant mouse high mobility group box-1 protein,rm HMGB1)蛋白进行体外实验研究。选择心梗后参与疾病病程调控的3种主要心脏组成细胞类型心肌细胞系H9C2、成纤维细胞系10T1/2以及原代巨噬细胞进行研究。构建miR-125b过表达腺病毒及对照腺病毒载体体外感染H9C2和10T1/2细胞及体内感染心梗后心脏组织;合成miR-125b模拟物miR-125b mimic或对照模拟物control mimic转染小鼠原代巨噬细胞;心梗后感染腺病毒的心脏组织予CD11b阳性细胞磁珠分选出巨噬细胞。通过qPCR和ELISA技术检测细胞因子IL-1β、IL-6、IL-12、TNF-a的表达水平。Western blot方法检测炎症反应核因子-κB(nuclear factor-kappa B,NF-κB)和丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(mitogen activated protein kinase,MAPK)信号通路中P65、C-Jun氨基末端激酶(C-Jun N-terminal kinase,JNK)、P38以及细胞外信号调节激酶(extracellular signal-regulated kinase,ERK)的磷酸化水平。结果显示,小鼠心梗早期心肌组织中miR-125b表达增加,同一时期心肌组织检测到,内源性HMGB1释放以及大量炎性细胞因子产生;miR-125b过表达促进心梗后巨噬细胞中生成炎性细胞因子;rm HMGB1重组蛋白可以诱导心肌H9C2细胞、成纤维细胞10T1/2以及原代巨噬细胞中炎性细胞因子IL-1β、IL-6、IL-12、TNF-α表达水平不同程度变化,但是过表达miR-125b仅对rm HMGB1刺激原代巨噬细胞产生炎性细胞因子有选择性正向调控作用,其原因可能与巨噬细胞中P65的磷酸化水平变化有关。该研究结果表明,miR-125b正调控心肌梗死后巨噬细胞中内源性HMGB1诱导的炎症反应,对rm HMGB1诱导心肌细胞及成纤维细胞炎症反应无显著调控作用。     

环状RNA circTCF25通过miR-103a-3p/miR-107调控CDK6的表达促进膀胱癌的增殖和迁移

该文旨在探讨环状RNA circTCF25对膀胱癌增殖和迁移的影响。采用RT-q PCR检测膀胱癌及癌旁组织中miR-103a-3p和miR-107的表达水平;采用Western blot和免疫组化检测膀胱癌细胞及膀胱癌和癌旁组织中CDK6的蛋白表达;将circTCF25过表达载体转染两种膀胱癌细胞后,采用RT-q PCR检测细胞中circTCF25以及miR-103a-3p和miR-107的表达水平;采用双荧光素酶报告基因实验验证circTCF25靶向结合miR-107及miR-107的靶基因CDK6;划痕实验检测细胞迁移能力;Edu实验检测细胞增殖能力。RT-q PCR结果表明,膀胱癌组织中miR-103a-3p和miR-107的表达明显低于癌旁组织。免疫组化和Western blot结果显示,膀胱癌组织中CDK6蛋白质水平明显高于癌旁组织。转染circTCF25过表达载体的细胞中,circTCF25的表达水平高于对照组。过表达circTCF25后,细胞中miR-103a-3p和miR-107的表达显著下降,CDK6的蛋白水平增加。双荧光素酶报告基因实验表明,circTCF25可以直接结合miR-107并降低其对靶基因CDK6的抑制。过表达circTCF25后,细胞迁移和增殖能力增强。该研究说明,环状RNA circTCF25可通过miR-103a-3p/miR-107调控CDK6的表达促进膀胱癌的增殖和迁移。     

microRNA-378i抑制横纹肌肉瘤细胞增殖和迁移

该文主要研究了microRNA-378i(miR-378i)在人横纹肌肉瘤细胞中的表达水平及其对细胞增殖和迁移能力的影响。通过q RT-PCR(quantitative RT-PCR)法检测在横纹肌组织和横纹肌肉瘤细胞中miR-378i成熟体的水平。采用阳离子脂质体介导的方法将miR-378i成熟体转染入横纹肌肉瘤细胞,通过MTS法检测细胞增殖能力、细胞克隆形成实验检测细胞增殖和生长能力、流式细胞技术检测细胞周期,以及应用x CELLigence细胞功能分析仪检测细胞迁移能力。Western blot方法检测miR-378i对靶基因蛋白质水平的调控。结果显示,在横纹肌肉瘤细胞中,miR-378i成熟体的水平较正常横纹肌组织显著下调。恢复miR-378i的表达水平能显著抑制横纹肌肉瘤细胞的增殖、细胞克隆形成和迁移能力,并诱导细胞发生G1或G2期阻滞。Western blot结果显示,miR-378i能够下调IGF1Rβ的蛋白质水平。综上所述,miR-378i能够显著抑制横纹肌肉瘤细胞的增殖和迁移。     

The mechanism involved in the loss of PTEN expression in NSCLC tumor cells

Loss of PTEN expression is observed in most non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLC). However, the mechanism by which PTEN expression is regulated in NSCLC has not been fully elucidated. In this study, we investigated the role of DNA methyltransferases (Dnmts), microRNA-29b (miR-29b), and anti-miR-29b inhibitor in PTEN promoter methylation and PTEN gene expression in H358 NSCLC cells in vitro and in vivo. PTEN mRNA was measured by RT-PCR. PTEN and Dnmts protein levels were measured by Western blot. miR-29b expression was detected by Northern blot. A xenograft H358 tumor mouse model was established by subcutaneously inoculating H358 cells into the right hind limbs of nude mice. We found that radiation induced cell apoptosis and hypomethylation in PTEN promoter, PTEN and miR-29b expression, and downregulation of Dnmt1, 3a and 3b expression in H358 tumor cells. The effect of radiation on gene expression and apoptosis was blocked by anti-miR-29b inhibitor. In the xenograft H358 tumor model, anti-miR-29b inhibitor reversed radiation-induced tumor growth delay, PTEN reexpression and downregulation of Dnmts expression. Our study suggested that miR-29b is an upstream molecule of PTEN. miR-29b regulates PTEN gene expression through downregulating Dnmts expression and subsequently induces hypomethylation in PTEN promoter. Targeting therapy could be established in NSCLC by upregulating miR-29b expression.     

microRNA-383 regulates cell viability and apoptosis by mediating Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in non–small cell lung cancer

The aim of this study was to investigate the roles of microRNA-383 (miRNA-383) in progression of non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and the potential mechanism. The expressions of miR-383 and Wnt1 protein were detected in lung cancer tissues and cells by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and Western blot analysis. After the transfection of miR-383 mimics, si-Wnt1 or miR-383+Wnt1, the viability and apoptosis of NSCLC cells were detected by cell counting kit-8 and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase–mediated dUTP nick-end labeling, respectively. The interaction between miR-383 and Wnt1 was investigated by luciferase activity and Western blot analysis. Cells stably transfected with miR-383 mimics were inoculated into the right axillary of nude mice by subcutaneous injection. The tumor volume and weight were measured, and the expressions of miR-383, Wnt1, β-catenin, and cyclin D1 were detected by qRT-PCR and Western blot analysis. The expression of miR-383 was significantly decreased, and the level of Wnt1 was significantly increased (P < 0.05) in lung cancer tissues and cells. Upregulation of miR-383 or inhibition of Wnt1 expression inhibited the cell viability and induce apoptosis in NSCLC cells. Moreover, Wnt1 was the target gene of miR-383, and its overexpression weakened the regulatory effect of miR-383 on cell viability and apoptosis in NSCLC cells. Besides, the addition of miR-383 decreased the tumor volume and size and inhibited the expressions of Wnt1, β-catenin, and cyclin D1 at the protein level in nude mice. Collectively, miR-383 induced apoptosis and inhibited cell viability as well as tumorigenic capacity in nude mice via regulating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.     

LncRNA CYTOR attenuates sepsis-induced myocardial injury via regulating miR-24/XIAP

This work aims to investigate the function and mechanism of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) cytoskeleton regulator RNA (CYTOR) in myocardial injury induced by sepsis. The sepsis-induced myocardial injury model in mice was established by intraperitoneal injection of LPS (10 mg/kg) in vivo, and cardiomyocyte H9c2 was treated with LPS to mimic sepsis in vitro. CYTOR expression and miR-24 expression were detected by qRT-PCR. After up-regulation or down-regulation of CYTOR and miR-24 expression in the H9c2 cells, and the viability of the cells was detected via MTT assay, and cell apoptosis was detected by TUNEL assay. Western blot was applied to determine the expression level of caspase 3, Bax and X-chromosome-linked inhibitor of apoptosis (XIAP). Interaction between CYTOR and miR-24 was determined by bioinformatics analysis, RT-PCR and dual luciferase reporter assay. Interaction between miR-24 and XIAP was determined through bioinformatics analysis, RT-PCR, western blot and dual luciferase reporter assay. CYTOR was markedly down-regulated. CYTOR interacted with miR-24, and negatively regulated its expression level. Over-expression of CYTOR or transfection of miR-24 inhibitors significantly promoted viability and inhibited apoptosis of H9c2 cells, while the knockdown of CYTOR and transfection of miR-24 mimics had opposite effects. CYTOR suppressed the expression level of apoptosis-related proteins, but miR-24 increased them. miR-24 directly targeted the 3'UTR of XIAP, and suppressed it, and XIAP was modulated indirectly by CYTOR. Down-regulation of CYTOR aggravates sepsis-induced cardiac injury via regulating miR-24 and XIAP.     

MiR-29b-3p aggravates cardiac hypoxia/reoxygenation injury via targeting PTX3

Our current research aimed to decipher the role and underlying mechanism with regard to miR-29b-3p involving in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. In the present study, cardiomyocyte H9c2 cell was used, and hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) model was established to mimic the myocardial I/R injury. The expressions of miR-29b-3p and pentraxin 3 (PTX3) were quantified deploying qRT-PCR and Western blot, respectively. The levels of LDH, TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 were detected to evaluate cardiomyocyte apoptosis and inflammatory response. Cardiomyocyte viability and apoptosis were examined employing CCK-8 assay and flow cytometry, respectively. Verification of the targeting relationship between miR-29b-3p and PTX3 was conducted using a dual-luciferase reporter gene assay. It was found that miR-29b-3p expression in H9c2 cells was up-regulated by H/R, and a remarkable down-regulation of PTX3 expression was demonstrated. MiR-29b-3p significantly promoted of release of inflammatory cytokines of H9c2 cells, and it also constrained the proliferation and promoted the apoptosis of H9c2 cells. Additionally, PTX3 was inhibited by miR-29b-3p at both mRNA and protein levels, and it was identified as a direct target of miR-29b-3p. PTX3 overexpression could reduce the inflammatory response, increase the viability of H9c2 cells, and inhibit apoptosis. Additionally, PTX3 counteracted the function of miR-29b-3p during the injury of H9c2 cells induced by H/R. In summary, miR-29b-3p was capable of aggravating the H/R injury of H9c2 cells by repressing the expression of PTX3.     

Retracted: LncRNA-ROR alleviates hypoxia-triggered damages by downregulating miR-145 in rat cardiomyocytes H9c2 cells

Chronic hypoxic heart disease (CHD) is a common clinical type of congenital heart disease. Long noncoding RNA regulator of reprogramming (lncRNA-ROR) exerts an important regulating effect in cardiovascular diseases. In our study, we explored the effect of lncRNA-ROR and the possible mechanisms against hypoxia-caused apoptosis in H9c2 cells. H9c2 cells were exposed to hypoxia (1% O₂) to construct the in vitro model of CHD. The level of lncRNA-ROR and microRNA (miRNA/miR)-145 was detected. To upregulate the level of lncRNA-ROR and miR-145, transfection was carried out. Western blot assay was performed to quantified protein expression. The interaction of lncRNA-ROR with miR-145 was verified by RIP and Dual-luciferase reporter assays. The expression of p53 and Bax was largely elevated and Bcl-2 was suppressed by hypoxia induction. We found that lncRNA-ROR was elevated by hypoxia. LncRNA-ROR overexpression was able to relieve the damages of H9c2 cells induced by hypoxia through rescuing viability, suppressing apoptosis, and blocking Cytochrome c release. miR-145 was suppressed by overexpressed lncRNA-ROR and the combination of miR-145 mimic was able to abolish the protective effect of lncRNA-ROR. Moreover, we found that lncRNA-ROR activated Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK and PI3K/AKT transduction cascades by suppressing miR-145. Besides, lncRNA-ROR directly targeted miR-145 and negatively modulated the level of miR-145. Our present study revealed that lncRNA-ROR protected H9c2 cells against hypoxia-caused damages by regulation of miR-145 through activating Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK and PI3K/AKT.