PCR技术在检测鼠金黄色葡萄球菌中的应用研究

目的　建立实验大小鼠金黄色葡萄球菌的快速检测方法———PCR法。方法　根据已公布的金黄色葡萄球菌耐热核酸酶nuc基因的序列 ,设计并合成一对特异性的引物 ,利用PCR技术扩增nuc基因片段。对金黄色葡萄球菌和其他非金黄色葡萄球菌菌株抽提的DNA进行扩增。结果　金黄色葡萄球菌PCR产物出现 6 6 8bp的特异性DNA扩增片段 ,而其他非金黄色葡萄球菌未出现扩增片段 ,证实了合成的引物对金黄色葡萄球菌具有特异性。将抽提的金黄色葡萄球菌DNA进行系列稀释 ,测定此PCR体系的敏感性 ,结果显示 ,该PCR体系能检出 3pg金黄色葡萄球菌DNA ,且从抽提DNA到PCR扩增及电泳结束仅需 4h。结论　本研究所建立的扩增耐热核酸酶nuc基因检测鼠金黄色葡萄球菌的PCR方法 ,具有快速、可靠、敏感和特异的特点 ,可用于临床样品和金黄色葡萄球菌感染时的检测 ,适合应用于实验大小鼠的监测。     

坂崎肠杆菌DNA提取方法比较和增菌研究

利用坂崎肠杆菌对婴儿配方奶粉进行人工污染,增菌培养,在不同的增菌时间用FTA滤膜法[1]、热裂解法、试剂法、试剂盒法4种不同的方法提取坂崎肠杆菌DNA,进行PCR检测,检出限为分别为1.5、2.5、2.0、2.0 cfu/100 g;由于4种方法的灵敏度不同,所以4种方法能检测出该菌的增菌时间也不一样,实验结果显示FTA滤膜法、热裂解法、试剂法、试剂盒法分别增菌2、6、4、4 h后分别达到15、2.5×105、2.0×104、2.0×104cfu/mL能检出。     

基于免疫磁分离的三重荧光定量PCR检测食品中沙门氏菌、志贺氏菌和金黄色葡萄球菌

【目的】开发一种同时对食品中沙门氏菌、志贺氏菌和金黄色葡萄球菌快速、灵敏、准确的检测方法。【方法】利用特异性免疫磁球,在37°C条件下从250 m L猪肉增菌液体系中边富集边循环捕获目标菌。快速提取DNA后,利用特异性的引物与探针,对3种食源性致病菌进行三重荧光定量PCR检测。【结果】针对沙门氏菌、志贺氏菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的检测限分别达到2.0、6.8和9.6 CFU/g。方法总体灵敏度、特异性和准确度达到99.2%、100%及99.5%。对151份实际样品进行检测,与国标(GB/T 4789.4-2010、GB 4789.5-2012和GB/T4789.10-2010)方法的检测结果相比,金黄色葡萄球菌有一例阴性偏差。【结论】开发的基于免疫磁分离的三重荧光定量PCR方法,能够在8 h内完成对食品中3种致病菌检测,并且灵敏度高、特异性好、检测准确,可以作为快速应对此类食品安全突发事件的检测手段。     

环介导等温扩增技术快速检测肉中金黄色葡萄球菌

应用环介导等温扩增（loop-mediated isothermal amplification,LAMP）技术建立了对肉中金黄色葡萄球菌检测的方法。实验中,使用了最新的Bst 20 WarmStart DNA聚合酶完成LAMP扩增反应,并针对金黄色葡萄球菌所特有的保守性耐热核酸酶基因（nuc）设计得到了一套LAMP扩增引物。对LAMP法和PCR法的检测灵敏度进行了比较,同时对人工污染肉中的金黄色葡萄球菌进行检测。结果表明：所建立的LAMP法能够特异性的检测金黄色葡萄球菌,并且检测金黄色葡萄球菌纯菌的灵敏度为201×100CFU/mL,是普通PCR检测灵敏度的100倍。在检测肉中金黄色葡萄球菌时,检测限为201×101CFU/mL。因此,本实验所建立的LAMP法检测肉中金黄色葡萄球菌的方法,具有灵敏、快速以及简便等的优点,是一种具有很好的发展前景的检测手段。     

PMA结合ddPCR检测食品中金黄色葡萄球菌的研究

研究了将叠氮溴化丙锭(PMA)与微滴式数字PCR(ddPCR)技术相结合,用于金黄色葡萄球菌活菌的检测。结果表明,强烈光照15 min,可以使PMA与死菌DNA共价交联,同时钝化游离的PMA;可以有效抑制金黄色葡萄球菌死菌DNAPCR扩增的PMA终浓度为2.0μg/m L;不抑制活菌DNA扩增的PMA最高浓度是5.0μg/m L。在不同死、活菌比例下,PMA-ddPCR可以定量检测活菌,避免了死菌DNA的干扰,本方法的检出限为10 copy/20μL。利用PMA-ddPCR检测人工污染鸡肉样品,最低可检出102cfu/m L的金黄色葡萄球菌。表明PMA-ddPCR方法的灵敏度高。     

一种能同时富集沙门氏菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和单增李斯特菌的培乔基

[目的]设计制备一种能够同时富集沙门氏菌、金黄色葡萄球菌及单增李斯特菌的复合增菌肉汤.[方法]挑选合适的添加剂进行单因素实验,确定增菌肉汤的成分及配比,采用平板计数法及三重荧光PCR技术验证肉汤的增菌效果.[结果]结果得到一种能同时富集沙门氏菌、金黄色葡萄球菌及单增李斯特菌的选择性增菌肉汤(SSL),经验证SSL可使得3种目标菌以相对一致的速度进行富集,经过37℃ 150 r/min振荡培养24 h后,菌体浓度到达10~7～10~8 CFU/mL,非目标菌生长受到抑制.应用荧光PCR扩增样品,可同时得到3种目标菌的扩增曲线.在710份实际样品检测中,无假阳性及假阴性报告.[结论]研究结果表明,SSL肉汤可用于沙门氏菌、金黄色葡萄球菌及单增李斯特菌的共增菌,可用于多重PCR检测的前增菌.     

鸡葡萄球菌的生物学特性及快速鉴定

目的探讨鸡葡萄球菌的生物学特性、可能存在的毒力因子及快速检测方法。方法首先观察鸡葡萄球菌的培养特性,镜下观察菌体结构。采用自动微生物分析仪（VITEK60、VITEK-Ⅱ）和分子生物学方法（细菌的通用引物16S rRNA进行PCR扩增）进行鉴定。以金黄色葡萄球菌的5种毒力因子基因序列设计引物,采用PCR方法扩增鸡葡萄球菌相应的毒力因子,同时采用悬浮芯片技术对该菌进行快速检测。结果鸡葡萄球菌的初始菌落形态与金黄色葡萄球菌类似,48h后菌落变粗糙,颜色加深;在VITEK60上细菌不能鉴定,在VITEK—Ⅱ上鉴定为鸡葡萄球菌并且该菌的16S rRNA的PCR产物序列与标准序列同源性达99％;鸡葡萄球菌的毒力因子均为阴性,悬浮芯片技术可以在4—6h内检测出鸡葡萄球菌。结论VITEK-Ⅱ可以鉴定鸡葡萄球菌等罕见细菌,分子生物学方法可以对该菌进行快速准确鉴定;鸡葡萄球菌的致病性和毒力有限;鸡葡萄球菌可能引起新的人畜共患病,应引起足够重视。     

多重PCR快速检测化妆品中三种致病菌的研究

利用多重PCR技术建立快速检测化妆品中三种致病菌的方法。根据已报道的大肠杆菌phoA基因、铜绿假单胞菌外膜蛋白基因oprL和金黄色葡萄球菌特异性序列SmaI选择特异性引物,对人工染菌化妆品进行多重PCR检测。结果显示,三种致病菌的基因组DNA均可与各自引物特异性结合,扩增产物大小分别为622 bp、504 bp和426 bp。该方法用于人工污染的化妆品中,大肠杆菌的检出限浓度为103 CFU/mL,铜绿假单胞菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的检出限浓度为105 CFU/mL。作者建立的多重PCR方法可同时快速、特异地对化妆品中三种致病菌进行检测,在化妆品行业具有较大的应用价值。     

PCR法快速鉴定眼源性蜡样芽胞杆菌

目的建立一种快速、灵敏、特异的眼源性蜡样芽胞杆菌PCR检测方法,为蜡样芽胞杆菌性眼内炎患者的快速诊断提供依据。方法选择编码蜡样芽胞杆菌细胞毒素的cytK为靶基因设计引物,建立检测眼源性蜡样芽胞杆菌PCR;PCR产物用琼脂糖凝胶电泳鉴定,基因序列与GenBank比对验证扩增产物;将计数过的5株蜡样芽胞杆菌菌悬液,梯度稀释后分别提取DNA进行PCR扩增,确定检测方法的灵敏度;分别用眼部常见感染菌金黄色葡萄球菌、表皮葡萄球菌、甲型溶血性链球菌、化脓性链球菌、藤黄微球菌、铜绿假单胞菌、大肠埃希菌、普通变形杆菌和白假丝酵母菌以及枯草芽胞杆菌DNA进行特异性试验;进一步将该方法应用到人工污染致病蜡样芽胞杆菌的房水标本中,并分析其灵敏度。结果5株分离自眼内炎患者标本中的蜡样芽胞杆菌均扩增出360bp左右的DNA片段,测序结果与GenBank比对一致;该法检测在5h内完成,方法灵敏度达7．5～15．0CFU／mL;其他菌株检测未出现非特异性扩增;对模拟感染房水标本的PCR鉴定结果与分离培养对比,二者符合率为100％,模拟标本的检测灵敏度与纯菌结果一致。结论cytK基因为靶基因的PCR用于眼源性蜡样芽胞杆菌的快速检测,具有简便、快速、敏感、特异等特点,为眼内炎患者的快速诊断提供依据,在实际检验工作中有良好的应用前景。     

兔支气管败血波氏杆菌PCR检测方法的建立及应用

目的建立一种简便、快速、敏感、特异的适用于支气管败血波氏杆菌的PCR检测方法。方法根据兔支气管败血波氏杆菌（Bordetella bronchiseptica）的fim2基因序列设计了一对特异性引物,进行PCR扩增、特异性和敏感性试验,并将其应用于临床样品的检测。结果利用该PCR方法扩增出425bp的目的基因片段,该产物序列与GeneBank上公布的基因序列同源性为100％。特异性试验表明,该方法对大肠埃希氏菌、多杀性巴氏杆菌、魏氏梭菌和金黄色葡萄球菌均无交叉性反应;并且最小可检出菌液浓度为3．6CPU。用该PCR方法检测了从江苏、山东等地采集的146份兔鼻拭子,结果检出支气管败血波氏杆菌阳性92例,阳性率为63．01％。结论建立了快速检测支气管败血波氏杆菌的PCR方法。     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Enterovirus 71 3C proteolytically processes the histone H3 N-terminal tail during infection

Highlights
1. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 is specifically cleaved during EV71 infection.
2. Viral protease 3C is identified as a protease responsible for proteolytically processing the N-terminal H3 tail.
3. Our finding reveals a new epigenetic regulatory mechanism for Enterovirus 71 in virus-host interactions.     

Detection of EBV and HHV6 in the Brain Tissue of Patients with Rasmussen’s Encephalitis

Rasmussen’s encephalitis (RE) is a rare pediatric neurological disorder, and the exact etiology is not clear. Viral infection may be involved in the pathogenesis of RE, but conflicting results have reported. In this study, we evaluated the expression of both Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human herpes virus (HHV) 6 antigens in brain sections from 30 patients with RE and 16 control individuals by immunohistochemistry. In the RE group, EBV and HHV6 antigens were detected in 56.7% (17/30) and 50% (15/30) of individuals, respectively. In contrast, no detectable EBV and HHV6 antigen expression was found in brain tissues of the control group. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in 20.0% (6/30) of individuals. In particular, a 4-year-old boy had a typical clinical course, including a medical history of viral encephalitis, intractable epilepsy, and hemispheric atrophy. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in neurons and astrocytes in the brain tissue, accompanied by a high frequency of CD8⁺ T cells. Our results suggest that EBV and HHV6 infection and the activation of CD8⁺ T cells are involved in the pathogenesis of RE.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.