大肠杆菌K88菌毛蛋白发酵工艺的初步研究

采用液体培养基包括牛肉膏蛋白胨培养基和强化营养肉汤培养基对大肠杆菌K88进行发酵培养,采用不同摇瓶培养时间和不同pH值的培养基观察发酵结果,研究菌体和菌毛生产量的相关性,并通过紫外分光光度计UV751于600nm处测量菌体OD值以对菌种发酵情况进行检测.热激分离菌体和菌毛蛋白,(NH4)2SO4盐析分离纯化K88菌毛蛋白并用分光光度计于280nm处测定其OD值.透析后经SDSP-AGE检测菌毛蛋白纯度.根据实验结果优化发酵培养条件,确定菌种的最佳发酵工艺,以收获最多的K88菌毛蛋白.经过实验研究,最终确定了大肠杆菌K88在pH值为6.5、转速为250r/min的条件下发酵18个h,菌体和菌毛生产量均达到高峰,同时得出菌毛蛋白和菌体成正相关.     

L-缬氨酸发酵条件的研究

报道了L 缬氨酸高产菌XQ 6(Leu1AHVrα ABhr2 TAhr)摇瓶发酵条件的研究结果。试验结果表明 ,当发酵培养基中葡萄糖、(NH4 ) 2 SO4 、KH2 PO4 、MgSO4 ·H2 O、玉米浆和生物素的最适用量分别为 1 4 %、5 %、0 .1 %、0 .0 5 %、0 .5 %和2 5 μg/L时 ,经发酵培养 72h ,L 缬氨酸积累可达 5 8g/L ,最高为 62g/L。     

玉米浆对Vc二步发酵产2-酮基-L-古龙酸影响的研究

通过在培养基中添加不同量的玉米浆,研究其对氧化葡萄糖酸杆菌（俗称小菌）生产Vc前体2-酮基-L-古龙酸的影响,并研究玉米浆成分中的12种主要氨基酸对小菌产酸的影响。结果表明：每100 mL发酵培养基中添加2.5 g左右过滤除菌玉米浆时,2-酮基-L-古龙酸产量高达26.84 mg/mL,小菌活菌数为不添加玉米浆时小菌单菌发酵下的9.74倍。过量玉米浆抑制小菌产酸。12种氨基酸单独与氧化葡萄糖酸杆菌发酵培养及全部混合后与氧化葡萄糖酸杆菌发酵培养对产酸及菌体生长无影响。     

响应面法优化产酰胺酶发酵培养基

采用响应面分析方法,对阿萨希丝孢酵母（Trichosporon asahii）ZZB-1产酰胺酶的发酵培养基进行了优化。运用单N子试验筛选出麦芽糖和酵母浸膏为最适碳源、氮源,金属离子Ca^2＋、Mn^2＋可提高发酵酰胺酶产量;通过最陡爬坡实验逼近以上4个因子的最大响应区域后,采用Box—Behnken响应面分析法,确定产酰胺酶最佳发酵培养基为麦芽糖18．84g／L、酵母浸膏9．55g／L、NaC15g／L、KH2PO41g／L、MgSO4·7H2O0．2g／L、FeS040．001g／L、CaC0370．84μmol／L、MnS0465．39肚mo[／L（1％丙烯酸诱导）,NH4·H2O调节pH至7．0。培养基优化后酰胺酶产量由初始2554U／L提高到4156U／L,为原始发酵培养基配方酶活产量的1．63倍。     

玉米浆在产甘油假丝酵母甘油发酵中的作用机理

以复合培养基和合成培养基进行比较发酵,研究了玉米浆在产甘油假丝酵母甘油发酵过程中的作用机理。结果表明:玉米浆中的磷、氮和微量元素是影响产甘油假丝酵母甘油发酵的3个关键因素。当玉米浆磷浓度为121·75mg/L(玉米浆浓度为14g/L),最大甘油转化率达到53·44%。玉米浆磷可以调节EMP途径与HMP途径之间碳架代谢流的分布,随着玉米浆浓度进一步增加,过量磷能抑制HMP途径而激活EMP途径,因而复合培养基各项发酵参数的变化非常显著。玉米浆氮对磷的调节功能有协同作用,但并不是产甘油假丝酵母甘油发酵的理想氮源。玉米浆中的微量元素能够显著提高葡萄糖的消耗速率、促进菌体的生长和增加甘油的产量。     

玉米浆对转酮酶缺陷型短小芽孢杆菌菌株成链的影响

在研究D 核糖发酵过程中发现 ,培养基中玉米浆的含量直接影响着菌体的形态及D 核糖产量。在不同培养基中加入不同浓度的玉米浆 ,镜检菌株的生长情况 ,并测定发酵培养基中D 核糖的产量。研究表明 ,转酮酶缺陷是突变株在菌体生长过程中出现链状的内因 ,而玉米浆中所含的芳香族氨基酸是转酮酶缺陷型突变株在生长过程中出现链状的外因。     

毕赤氏酵母植酸酶工程菌高密度培养条件的研究

研究了毕赤氏酵母植酸酶工程菌高密度生长的培养条件 ,包括不同碳源、酵母粉、(NH4 ) 2 SO4 、KH2 PO4 等不同用量对菌体生长的影响。结果是甘油 4 %、蛋白陈 2 %、酵母粉 0 5%、(NH4 ) 2 SO4 0 .8%、K2 HPO4 0 1%、KH2 PO4 0 6 %。在此基础上 ,对温度、起始pH、接种量等影响该工程菌菌体生长的因素也作了初步研究。     

产葡萄糖异构酶工程菌工业发酵条件模拟研究

高效表达葡萄糖异构酶的大肠杆菌工程菌Ｋ３８／ｐＧＰＩ－２,ｐＴＫＤ－ＧＩ菌株,在玉米浆培养基中能高效合成葡萄糖异构酶,观察了细菌生长的细胞浓度（ＯＤ）、ｐＨ和酶产生的动态变化。玉米浆培养基成本低、制备工艺简单,在５０Ｌ发酵罐中酶活力为１４３ｕ／ｍＬ,比在ＬＢ培养基中高约１０倍。用超声波破碎细胞液作酶源吸附于大孔阴离子交换树脂制成固定化葡萄糖异构酶、其酶活力达到１０２００ｕ／ｇ（干）。     

产葡萄糖异构酶工程菌工业发酵条件模拟研究*

高效表达葡萄糖异构酶的大肠杆菌工程菌Ｋ３８／ｐＧＰＩ－２,ｐＴＫＤ－ＧＩ菌株,在玉米浆培养基中能高效合成葡萄糖异构酶,观察了细菌生长的细胞浓度（ＯＤ）、ｐＨ和酶产生的动态变化。玉米浆培养基成本低、制备工艺简单,在５０Ｌ发酵罐中酶活力为１４３ｕ／ｍＬ,比在ＬＢ培养基中高约１０倍。用超声波破碎细胞液作酶源吸附于大孔阴离子交换树脂制成固定化葡萄糖异构酶、其酶活力达到１０２００ｕ／ｇ（干）。     

CpG基序重组菌发酵培养基的优化

目的:为提高CpG基序重组菌的发酵水平,降低CpG重组质粒的生产成本,运用响应面法优化CpG重组菌发酵培养基。方法:利用Plackett-Burman试验筛选出影响发酵水平的3个最显著因素:糖蜜、玉米浆和工业蛋白胨。然后用响应面设计试验并优化得到最显著因素的最佳浓度,并进一步通过发酵试验验证优化后的培养基。结果:得到一组具有较高菌浓及质粒产量且价格低廉的发酵用培养基:糖蜜4.5g/L,玉米浆8.5g/L,工业蛋白胨8.5g/L,甘油10mL/L,KH2PO41.5g/L,K2HPO42.3g/L,MgSO4.7H2O 0.25g/L,在此培养条件下,OD600实测值为0.6771,理论值为0.6643,两者接近,与标准LB培养基相比,质粒产量提高了15%左右。结论:最终筛选到的培养基具有较高的性价比。     

响应面分析法优化黑根霉胞外多糖发酵工艺

实验以商品化的马铃薯葡萄糖液体培养基为基础培养基,以胞外粗多糖产量为考察指标,运用响应面分析法考察玉米浆浓度、KH₂PO₄浓度和发酵时间3个因素对胞外多糖发酵产量的影响,以获得黑根霉胞外多糖发酵最优工艺,建立高产、稳定、可控的胞外多糖发酵生产工艺技术方案。经响应面分析,各因素按照对响应值的影响顺序为：玉米浆浓度>发酵时间> KH₂PO₄浓度,且玉米浆浓度、发酵时间对胞外多糖产量的影响极显著,KH₂PO₄浓度对胞外多糖产量的影响不显著。胞外多糖发酵最优工艺为：玉米浆3.2mg/mL、KH₂PO₄ 1.5mg/mL和发酵时间132h,在此条件下胞外多糖的最大预测产量为0.824mg/mL。实验重复性好,是一个高产、稳定、可控的胞外多糖发酵生产工艺技术方案,可以指导黑根霉胞外多糖发酵。     

漏斗多孔菌液体菌种培养基及其栽培条件

为实现漏斗多孔菌资源化利用,设计单因素试验,以菌丝生物量、菌球密度和菌球直径为指标,获得漏斗多孔菌Polyporus arcularius液体菌种培养基配方为马铃薯（去皮）200g、玉米粉20.0g、蛋白胨5.0g、KH₂PO₄ 3.0g、K₂HPO₄ 1.0g,MgSO₄·7H₂O 1.5g,初始pH 5.0,并优化培养条件为装液量250mL/500mL,接种量2%,培养温度32℃,转速170r/min,种龄6d;依上述条件制备液体菌种,以固体菌种为对照,进行出菇试验,调查农艺性状,试验结果表明液体菌种接种后,菌袋满袋时间提前7d,子实体原基产生时间提前8d,头潮菇鲜重提高22.5%;配方试验结果表明,以细木屑为主料的配方产量最高,头潮菇鲜重为270.6g/袋。     

Simultaneous and comparative assessment of parent and mutant strain of Rhizobium meliloti for nutrient limitation and enhanced polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) production using optimization studies

Nutrient limitation conditions, optimization and comparison of polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) yields and biomass production by parent and mutant strains of Rhizobium meliloti were investigated. Complex interactions among concentrations of sucrose (5–55 g/l), urea (0.05–0.65 g/l) inoculum (10–250 ml/l) and K₂HPO₄ (0.5–2 g/l), were studied using central composite rotatable design (CCRD) experiments. Phosphate-limiting medium (0.33 g K₂HPO₄/l) in the presence of excess carbon (sucrose 42.5 g/l) results in more production of PHA (2.2 g/l) in the parent strain. In comparison, the mutant strain required moderate levels of sucrose (30 g/l), along with excess of phosphate (1 g/l) for high PHA content of cell biomass (80%) and PHA yield (3.3 g/l). Optimised PHA production (biomass 4.8 g/l and PHA 3.09 g/l) by the parent strain occurred at: sucrose 51.58 g/l, urea 0.65 g/l, K₂HPO₄ 0.48 g/l and inoculum 10 ml/l. In the mutant strain, higher yields of biomass (9.05 g/l) and PHA (5.66 g/l) were obtained in Optimised medium containing: sucrose 55 g/l, urea 0.65 g/l, K₂HPO₄ 1.0 g/l and inoculum 150.58 ml/l.     

Optimization of culture conditions for production of cis-epoxysuccinic acid hydrolase using response surface methodology

Response surface methodology, which allows for rapid identification of important factors and optimization of them to enhance enzyme production, was employed here to optimize culture conditions for the production of cis-epoxysuccinic acid hydrolase from Bordetella sp. strain 1–3. In the first step, a Plackett–Burman design was used to evaluate the effects of nine variables (yeast extract, cis-epoxysuccinic acid, KH₂PO₄, K₂HPO₄ · 3H₂O, MgSO₄ · 7H₂O, trace minerals solution, culture volume, initial pH and incubation time) on the enzyme production. Yeast extract, cis-epoxysuccinic acid and KH₂PO₄ had significant influences on cis-epoxysuccinic acid hydrolase production and their concentrations were further optimized using central composite design and response surface analysis. A combination of adjusting the concentration of yeast extract to 7.8 g/l, cis-epoxysuccinic acid to 9.8 g/l, and KH₂PO₄ to 1.12 g/l would favor maximum cis-epoxysuccinic acid hydrolase production. An enhancement of cis-epoxysuccinic acid hydrolase production from 5.6 U/ml to 9.27 U/ml was gained after optimization.     

蝙蝠蛾拟青霉液体发酵工艺优化及菌丝体腺苷含量的检测

通过摇瓶液体培养的方法,以菌丝体生物量为主要考察指标,筛选蝙蝠蛾拟青霉PH-2菌株液体发酵的培养基成分和条件。进一步采用正交试验,以菌丝体生物量和腺苷含量为联合指标,确定PH-2菌株液体发酵高产菌丝体和腺苷的培养基配方。通过试验获得的最佳配方为：玉米淀粉40g/L,葡萄糖5g/L,玉米浆25g/L,硫酸镁·7H₂O 1g/L,磷酸二氢钾1g/L,硫酸锌1.5g/L,维生素B1 25mg/L;培养条件为：初始pH 6.0,装液量150mL/500mL,接种量8%（V/V）,温度26℃,转速120r/min,培养7d。在该工艺下,菌丝体生物量达到25.2g/L。应用高效液相色谱（HPLC）法,检测到菌丝体中腺苷含量为2.76mg/g。该方法简便、快速、准确,可作为蝙蝠蛾拟青霉菌丝体或其相关产品中腺苷的检测手段。本工艺的优化试验获得了较高的菌丝体收率,菌丝体质量良好。     

高温下喷施水杨酸和磷酸二氢钾对中稻生理特征和产量的影响

为探寻减轻水稻抽穗开花期高温热害的技术途径,以3个籼型杂交稻品种为材料,于2017—2018年在江西省吉安县、余干县、南昌县进行田间试验.在抽穗开花期自然高温下,设置叶面喷施5个不同浓度的水杨酸(SA)处理(SA₁～SA₅分别为100、500、1000、1500、2000 μmol·L^-1)和5个不同浓度的磷酸二氢钾(KH₂PO₄)处理(K₁～K₅分别为7.35、14.70、22.05、29.40、36.75 mmol·L^-1),并以叶面喷施蒸馏水为对照(CK),分析中稻生理特征和产量.结果表明: 与对照相比,SA处理和KH₂PO₄处理分别降低了剑叶丙二醛含量,提高了叶绿素、可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白、脯氨酸含量和超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化物酶活性,其中SA₂和K₃处理效果最好.SA₂、SA₃和K₃、K₄处理提高了水稻穗粒数、结实率和产量,其中SA₂和K₃处理效果显著,与对照相比,SA₂处理分别使穗粒数、结实率和产量增加了7.0%、4.0%和11.9%,K₃处理增加了3.9%、4.7%和6.6%.抽穗开花期高温下,采取叶面喷施500 μmol·L^-1 SA或22.05 mmol·L^-1 KH₂PO₄的技术措施可显著提高中稻产量.     

古尼虫草胞内多糖高产培养基优化研究

以古尼虫草Cordyceps gunnii胞内多糖产量为目标,利用单因素法筛选古尼虫草产胞内多糖的最适碳源、氮源和无机盐,运用正交试验筛选最佳培养基组合,用最佳培养基研究古尼虫草产胞内多糖的发酵动力学。结果表明：古尼虫草产胞内多糖最佳培养基为葡萄糖35g/L、蛋白胨15g/L、硫酸锌1g/L、KH₂PO₄ 1g/L、K₂HPO₄ 0.5g/L,用最佳培养基获得胞内多糖（5.169±0.274）g/L,产量是优化前的1.81倍;动力学研究表明,144h是古尼虫草胞内多糖最佳培养时间,此时产量最高为（6.794±0.221）g/L,是目前报道古尼虫草胞内多糖的最高产量。     

Practical Methods for the Control of Hydrogenion Concentration in Staining Procedures—The Use of “Buffers”

Data are given for the simple preparation of dry chemical mixtures to be used in the easy preparation of buffer solutions for use in the control of stain procedures. Two of these mixtures of special value in practical staining operations are the following: 4.539 g. KH₂PO₄, 5.940 g. Na₂.HPO₄.2H₂O. (pH=6.8); 7.262 g. KH₂PO₄, 2.376 g Na₂HPO₄.2H₂O (pH = 7.4). Hydrogen-ion control has been found to be essential to consistent results with the compound blood and tissue stains such as Wright's and Giemsa preparations. The more general use of a pre-determined pH in staining procedures is indicated; several possible methods of application are suggested.     

Hydrogenotrophic denitrification of synthetic aquaculture wastewater using membrane bioreactor

A hydrogenotrophic denitrification system was evaluated in removing nitrate from synthetic aquaculture wastewater for recirculation purposes. Two membrane bioreactor (MBR) systems, namely, aeration–denitrification system (ADS) and denitrification–aeration system (DAS) were studied with 50 mg/L of influent concentrations for both organic matter and nitrate nitrogen. The DAS achieved better removal efficiency of 91.4% total nitrogen (T-N) and denitrification rate of 363.7 mg/L.day at a HRT of 3 h compared to ADS. Further, there was no nitrite accumulation in the DAS effluent. The nitrite accumulation in ADS effluent was lesser when CO₂ was used as buffer rather than K₂HPO₄ and KH₂PO₄. Estimation of kinetic parameters of hydrogenotrophic bacteria indicated lesser sludge production compared to heterotrophic denitrification. In the DAS, membrane fouling was nonexistent in the aeration reactor that was used to produce the recirculating effluent. On the contrary, membrane fouling was observed in the denitrification reactor that supplied hydrogen to the mixed liquor. Thus, this study demonstrated DAS capability in maintaining the acceptable water quality appropriate for aquaculture, in which a closed recirculating system is typically used.     

The Differentiation of Live From Dead Sperms in Fowl Semen

A combined stain solution is made by dissolving 0.1 gm bromphenol blue and 0.2 gm nigrosin in 100 ml of a M/15 buffer solution of KH₂PO₄ and Na₂HPO₄ adjusted to pH 7.5. This staining solution was used to prepare stained fowl semen smears. Such smears give stable differentiation of live from dead sperms. The dead sperms are stained with a dark violet color while the live ones are not stained.