SARS病毒核蛋白基因的克隆及其表达研究

从一例输入性传染性非典型性肺炎病人血清中提取病毒RNA,通过RT—PCR方法扩增出SARS病毒核蛋白基因片段,克隆入质粒载体pUCm—T后,进行核苷酸序列的测定及分析,与已公布的SARS病毒基因序列进行比较,证实为SARS冠状病毒核蛋白基因。为了解该病毒核蛋白的抗原特性,将核蛋白基因插入表达载体,构建重组质粒pET28a—SN,转导大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)后,加IPTG诱导表达。产物经SDS—PAGE电泳分析,表达出相对分子量约为50kDa的蛋白,占整个菌体的45％左右。Westem—blot分析表明,表达产物仅与SARS阳性病人血清起反应,而与正常血清不起反应。间接ELISA免疫检测,抗原滴度达1：12500。表明表达的核蛋白为SARS特异性抗原,这为SARS病毒的诊断试剂的研制提供了方便而安全的抗原来源。     

鸡传染性支气管炎病毒核蛋白基因在大肠杆菌中的表达及抗原性初步研究

为了研究重组鸡传染性支气管炎病毒核蛋白能否作为群特异性诊断抗原加以应用,将鸡传染性支气管炎病毒国内分离株IBV—LX4核蛋白基因亚克隆于大肠杆菌原核表达载体pPROEX^TM HT中。构建拟表达重组鸡传染性支气管炎病毒核蛋白的重组质粒pPROEX^TM HT—N。经核苷酸序列测定后,阳性质粒转化大肠杆菌DH5α,并进行诱导表达。表达产物经SDS-PAGE、Western blot鉴定,表明核蛋白在大肠杆菌中获得了表达,表达产物是分子量分别为约56kD和45kD的蛋白,其中分子量为56kD的蛋白表达量约为菌体总蛋白的13％。包涵体被6mol盐酸胍裂解后。通过镍离子亲和树脂进行了纯化,并用纯化的分子量为56kD的重组蛋白免疫新西兰白兔,所获得的兔抗鸡传染性支气管炎病毒核蛋白多克隆抗体,分别与不同致病型的鸡传染性支气管炎病毒进行琼脂扩散反应,结果表明。该多克隆抗体可与各不同致病型毒株发生反应。这初步表明重组鸡传染性支气管炎病毒核蛋白。可作为群特异性诊断抗原用于该病毒的诊断中。     

水泡性口炎病毒核蛋白基因的表达及初步应用

将水泡性口炎病毒编码群特异性抗原的N基因片段克隆至pMD18-T克隆载体质粒中,构建N基因克隆重组质粒,进行核苷酸序列分析。然后亚克隆插入pBAD/Thio TOPO表达载体,经PCR限制性内切酶分析、测序鉴定,筛选获得N基因正向插入、有正确读码框的阳性克隆,成功构建了水泡性口炎病毒N基因重组表达载体。经L-Arabinose诱导表达,可稳定、高效地表达N蛋白抗原。SDS-PAGE、Western blotting及间接ELISA试验结果表明,表达蛋白为融合蛋白,质量约63.5 kD,其表达产量约占菌体总蛋白的16％,相当于92mg/L。融合蛋白中含有水泡性口炎病毒群特异性的核蛋白抗原,应用表达的VSV核蛋白抗原建立了酶联免疫吸附试验,通过对186份山羊、豚鼠实验动物人工感染VSV的血清样品和参考血清样品的检测,并与微量血清中和试验进行了比较,结果表明：以表达的VSV核蛋白为包被抗原的酶联免疫吸附试验是一种特异性强、敏感性高、快速、简单、安全的检测方法,抗原制备成本低。     

SARS冠状病毒N蛋白基因的克隆、表达及活性测定

利用PCR基因扩增法,以SARS冠状病毒全基因质粒为模板,获得N蛋白相应抗原基因,构建了表达载体pBV220／SARS-N,并在E．coli中获得高效表达。用纯化后的N蛋白抗原包被测定板,通过间接ELISA法对阴阳性血清进行活性测定,结果表明,在46份阳性血中有41份被测出,检出率为89．13％。本研究克隆并表达了SARS冠状病毒N蛋白,为进一步研制SARS病人抗体检测试剂和SARS疫苗奠定了基础。     

SARS病毒BJ01株核壳蛋白在大肠杆菌中的表达与鉴定

通过RTPCR从SARS病毒BJ01株的RNA中扩增全长N基因,经凝胶回收后插入pBAD/TOPOThioFusion表达载体。然后在Top10中利用阿拉伯糖进行诱导表达,在优化的条件下,表达产物以可溶性为主,表达量约占细菌可溶性总蛋白的47%。表达产物采用ProBond蛋白纯化系统纯化后,目的蛋白约占67%。经免疫印迹法检测,表达产物与SARS病人恢复期血清和兔的抗血清均可进行特异反应。BJ01株核壳蛋白在大肠杆菌中的高效可溶性表达为后续的ELISA试剂盒的研制奠定了基础。     

六种致病性白蛉病毒原核表达核蛋白抗原性初步研究

初步研究六种致病性白蛉病毒原核表达核蛋白(Nucleocapsid protein,NP)抗原的抗原性,为开发相应的血清学诊断试剂提供理论依据。利用原核表达系统表达纯化六种致病性白蛉病毒核蛋白,并分别免疫新西兰白兔。通过间接ELISA方法及Western-blotting方法对所获得的兔免疫血清进行交叉反应检测,确定其抗体ELISA滴度。此外,分别用上述六种致病性白蛉病毒NP抗原包被ELISA反应板并对发热伴血小板减少综合征病毒(Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus,SFTSV)病人血清进行间接ELISA检测,确定其血清学交叉反应及IgG抗体滴度。通过原核表达系统表达并纯化的六种白蛉病毒NP抗原浓度及纯度均达到免疫和检测要求。ELISA及Western-blotting检测结果显示六种病毒NP抗原兔免疫血清中的每种血清与其余五种病毒NP抗原可能存在血清学交叉反应。SFTSV病人血清与除SFTSV-NP以外的五种NP抗原亦可能存在部分交叉反应。本研究初步评价了原核表达的六种致病性白蛉病毒核蛋白的抗原性和免疫反应性,为相应诊断试剂的研制奠定了基础。     

Epstein-Barr病毒胸苷激酶在大肠杆菌表达的研究

研究重组EB病毒胸苷激酶(thymidine kinase of Epstein-Barr virus,EBVTK)在大肠杆菌中的表达,将EB病毒的tk基因与原核表达载体pBV220进行重组,构成质粒pBV220/tk,并在大肠杆菌DH5α中获得表达;采用限制性内切酶分析进行重组质粒的鉴定,SDS-PAEG电泳和Western blot反应检测蛋白的表达。结果显示成功地构建了pBV220/tk质粒,并有重组蛋白的表达,该重组蛋白可与鼻咽癌病人血清发生特异性反应。结果表明该重组蛋白可作为抗原应用于鼻咽癌病人血清TKIgA抗体的检测,为重组TK的生产,临床应用提供了实验依据。     

汉坦病毒陈株S基因编码区的克隆、序列分析及表达

从汉坦病毒陈株感染的Vero-E6细胞裂解液中提取病毒RNA,经逆转录PCR获得病毒S基因编码区约1.3kb cDNA片段,克隆该片段后进行核苷酸序列测定,并与汉坦病毒76-118株进行同源性比较,结果二者核苷酸序列同源性为86%,推导的氨基酸序列同源性为97%.将该基因片段插入原核表达载体pGEX-4T-1,在大肠杆菌中获得高效表达.表达产物为GST-NP融合蛋白.SDS-PAGE检测表达蛋白分子约72kD左右.Western blotting和ELISA试验结果表明,表达产物可与多株抗汉坦病毒核蛋白的McAb发生反应,其抗原表位及McAb反应谱与76-118株相比存在某些差异.     

猪水泡病病毒VPl基因抗原区的原核表达

利用RT-PCR和nested PCR(nPCR)技术扩增出猪水泡病病毒VPl基因的抗原区,将其克隆到表达载体pProEX-HTb中,获得重组质粒,经PCR、酶切和序列分析鉴定表明,目的基因插入的位置、大小和读码框均正确。将重组质粒导入BL21(DE3),经IPTG诱导表达后SDS-PAGE检测表明,重组菌能表达猪水泡病病毒VPl抗原区蛋白;Western blot检测表明,诱导表达的抗原区蛋白能与猪水泡病阳性血清发生特异性反应。     

汉滩病毒截短S基因重组梭菌载体构建及表达

目的：构建含汉滩病毒截短核蛋白基因的重组质粒,并在口服疫苗载体产气荚膜梭菌中表达。方法：以质粒pGEX-4T-2/SA为模板,PCR扩增汉坦病毒截短核蛋白（SA）基因片断,克隆入穿梭载体pJRC200,构建重组质粒pJRC200-SA,转化E.coliDH5α,酶切鉴定。将pJRC200-SA电穿孔转化产气荚膜梭菌,厌氧培养,促芽孢形成诱导蛋白表达。超声裂解产气荚膜梭菌芽孢,对裂解产物进行SDS-PAGE、Western blotting鉴定。结果：酶切、测序表明,SA基因片段被正确插入pJRC200中,Western blotting分析显示SA蛋白成功表达,并能被肾综合征出血热患者阳性血清特异性识别。结论：汉坦病毒截短核蛋白重组克隆构建成功,并能在产气荚膜梭菌中成功表达,为口服疫苗研发奠定了基础。     

六种藓类植物茎的比较解剖学研究

通过对6种藓类植物,即褶叶青藓(Brachythecium salebrosum(Web.et Mohr.)B.S.G.)、湿地匐灯藓(Plagiomnium acutum(Lindb.)Kop.)、侧枝匐灯藓(Plagiomnium maximoviczii(Lindb.)Kop.)、大凤尾藓(Fissidensnobilis Griff.)、大羽藓(Thuidium cymbifolium(Doz.et Molk.)B.S.G.)和大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme Wils.)嫩茎和老茎的石蜡切片和显微观察发现,同一藓类植株的嫩茎和老茎,茎结构稳定,不同种藓类植物茎横切面具有不同特征.植物体茎横切面形状、表层细胞的层数、细胞大小和细胞壁厚薄、皮层细胞大小和形状、中轴的有无以及比例等特征可以作为藓类植物的分科分类依据之一.     

Photoregulation of seed germination of wild-type and of an aurea-mutant of tomato

Seed germination of an aurea mutant of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is promoted by continuous irradiation with red, far-red or long-wavelength far-red (758 nm) light as well as by cyclic irradiations (5 min red or 5 min far-red/25 min darkness). Far-red light applied immediately after each red does not change the germination behaviour. Seed germination of the isogenic wild-type, cv. UC-105, is promoted by continuous and cyclic red light while it is inhibited by continuous and cyclic far-red light and by continious 758 nm irradiation. Far-red irradiation reverses almost completely the promoting effect of red light. The promoting effect (in the aurea mutant) and the inhibitory effect (in the wild-type) of continuous far-red light do not show photon fluence rate dependency above 20 nmol m⁻² s⁻¹. It is concluded that phytochrome controls tomato seed germination throgh low energy responses in both the wild type and the au mutant. The promoting effect of continuous and cyclic far-red light in the au mutant can be attributed to a greater sensitivity to P_fr.     

Cause of Senescence of Nine Sorts of Flowers

The levels of endogenous phytohormones and respiratory rate in nine sorts of flowers such as Cymbidium faberi Rolfe, Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth and others were investigated both at full bloom and senescence and meanwhile the effect of exogenous phytohormones on prolonging the blossoms and promoting ethylene production were tested. There is a high content of endogenous ethylene in all the long-lived flowere, about 3–16 folds higer than the short-lived ones. There is a high level of ABA at full blooming flowers of short-lived flowers, in which there is no or only some cytokinins in it, but the ratio of CTK (6BA+zeatin)/ABA is smaller(l.7). The endogenous ABA reached a much higher level at senescence in all nine sorts of flowers, so it is reasonable to consider that it is ABA which plays an important role of regulation in controlling flower's senescence. There is a much higher level of GA3 and zeatin in the long-lived flowers which is not demonstrated in the shortlived ones. The respiratory rate is one of the factors controtling the longevity of flowers, but it does not play a decided role. Application of 6BA and zeatin prolongs distinctly orchid’s longevity, however exogenous IAA through the promotive action on ethylene production, evidently extends the longevity of the flowers of the Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth.     

龙胆科药用植物化学成分的研究现状

龙胆科植物在我国的分布范围很广,且多数为药用植物,其多数种属的药用植物,至今其化学成分尚未被系统研究。综述了目前龙胆科药用植物的化学成分的研究现状及一般提取方法,对近年来发现的环烯醚萜及裂环烯醚萜类化合物进行了总结,为本科药用植物的更深入研究提供了参考。     

Interconnection of parameters of regulation system of lipid peroxidation and of morphophysiological parameters of mouse liver

A complex analysis of seasonal fluctuations of the mean group parameters of the system of regulation of lipid peroxidation has been performed in liver of Balb/c mice. Association of lipid characteristics and morphophysiological parameters is studied in the Balb/c mouse liver. An inter-connection is revealed between the liver index and the amount of lysoforms of phospholipids, the scale and character of the interconnection differing essentially depending on proportion of phos-phatidylcholine in mouse liver phospholipids.     

The effects of glutamine of the maintenance of embryogenic cultures of Cryptomeria japonica

Summary Embryogenic tissues of sugi (Cryptomeria japonica) were induced on a modified Campbell and Durzan (CD) medium containing 1 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 600 mg l⁻¹ glutamine, and subcultured in the medium of the same composition for over 1 yr. This resulted in a mixed culture of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells. When embryogenic cells were isolated and cultured independently, their capacity to form embryogenic aggregates was lost. Thus, the non-embryogenic cells present within a mixed culture system were essential to the formation of embryogenic aggregates. When embryogenic tissues were isolated and cultured independently on a high glutamine-containing (2400 mg l⁻¹) medium, dry weights and endogenous levels of glutamine increased, and the tissue could generate a large number of embryogenic aggregates. Amino acid analysis of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells from the maintenance culture indicated a higher level of glutamine was present in the latter. The high endogenous level of glutamine in the non-embryogenic portion of mixed cell masses may be the supplier of glutamine for maintaining the embryogenic property of the tissues.     

Specificity of action of piperidylcholine derivatives as substrates of cholinesterases of various origin

The review deals with study of enzymologic properties of a novel highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate, N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium iodomethylate (“piperidylcholine”), and its 30 derivatives that were tested as effectors of cholinesterases of mammals and various species of Pacific squids. It was proven for the first time that responsible for specificity of action was structure of cyclic ammonium grouping of the alcohol part of molecule of the ester substrate. Analysis of specificity is performed based on enzymatic hydrolysis parameters—activity of catalytic center of cholinesterases and bimolecular constant of the reaction rate that are determined at optimal and low substrate concentrations. Among the specially synthesized group of thioester compounds there is revealed one more highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate—N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium.     

Physiological characteristics of various species of strains of carboxydobacteria

Seven strains of aerobic carbon monoxide-oxidizing bacteria (carboxydebacteria) when growing on CO as sole source of carbon and energy had doubling times which ranged from 12–42 h. The activity profiles obtained after discontinuous sucrose density gradient centrifugation indicated that the CO-oxidizing enzymes are soluble and the hydrogenases are membrane-bound in all strains examined. The CO-oxidizing enzymes of Pseudomonas carboxydohydrogena, Pseudomonas carboxydoflava, Comamonas compransoris, and the so far unidentified strains OM2, OM3, and OM4 had a molecular weight of 230,000; that of Achromobacter carboxydus amounted to 170,000. The molecular weights of the CO-oxidizing and H₂-oxidizing enzymes turned out to be identical. The cell sonicates were shown to catalyze the oxidation of both CO and H₂ with methylene blue, thionine, phenazine methosulfate, toluylene blue, dichlorophenolindophenol, cytochrome c or ferricyanide as electron acceptors. Methyl viologen, benzyl viologen, FAD⁺, FMN⁺, and NAD(P)⁺ were not reduced. The spectrum of electron acceptors was identical for all strains tested. Neither free formate, hydrogen nor oxygen gas were involved in the CO-oxidation reaction. Methylene blue was reduced by CO at a 1:1 molar ratio. The results indicate that CO-oxidation by carboxydobacteria is catalyzed by identical or similar enzymes and that the reaction obeys the equation CO+H₂OCO₂+2H⁺+2e^- as previously shown for Pseudomonas carboxydovorans.Dedicated to Otto Kandler remembering almost three decades of enjoyable cooperation     

Modulation of allostery of pyruvate kinase by shifting of an ensemble of microstates

Since the introduction of the concepts of allostery about four decades ago, much advancement has been made in elucidating the structure-function correlation in allostery. However, there are still a number of issues that remain unresolved. In this review we used mammalian pyruvate kinase (PK) as a model system to understand the role of protein dynamics in modulating cooperativity. PK has a triosephosphate isomerase (TIM)(α/β)₈ barrel structural motif. PK is an ideal system to address basic questions regarding regulatory mechanisms about this common (α/β)₈ structural motif. The simplest model accounting for all of the solution thermodynamic and kinetic data on ligand-enzyme interactions involves two conformational states, inactive E^T and active E^R. These conformational states are represented by domain movements. Further studies provide the first evidence for a differential effect of ligand binding on the dynamics of the structural elements, not major secondary structural changes. These data are consistent with our model that allosteric regulation of PK is the consequence of perturbation of the distribution of an ensemble of states in which the inactive E^T and active E^R represent the two extreme end states. Sequence differences and ligands can modulate the distribution of states leading to alterations of functions. The future work includes: defining the network of functionally connected residues; elucidating the chemical principles governing the sequence differences which affect functions; and probing the nature of mutations on the stability of the secondary structural elements, which in turn modulate allostery.