新丛赤壳属真菌DNA条形码研究

以新丛赤壳属19个种为材料,选择ITSrDNA,β-tubulin,EF—1α和RPB2作为候选基因,对获得的205个序列片段采用不同方法进行分析,筛选该属的DNA条形码．将种内与种间序列差异以及序列获得的难易程度作为评价指标．结果表明,任何一个单独的基因都不宜作为其DNA条形码,EF-1α与RPB2基因组合可以准确识别种内与种间差异,建议作为该类真菌的DNA条形码．研究过程中,将形态学与序列分析相结合,发现顶环新丛赤壳和小孢新从赤壳两个隐存种．     

丛赤壳科5个中国新记录种

对采自安徽、河南、湖北、云南和西藏等地的丛赤壳科标本进行系统分类研究,综合形态解剖、培养性状、DNA序列和无性阶段特征,报道5个中国新记录种：肯达拉赤壳Cosmospora khandalensis,翠绿赤壳C. viridescens,剑孢新赤壳Neocosmospora protoensiformis,罗杰森假赤壳Pseudocosmospora rogersonii和瘤顶赤壳Tumenectria laetidisca,对它们的宏微观特征和菌落形态进行了描述及图示。     

中国的捕食线虫真菌——Ⅴ.节丛孢属

本文报道了分离自我国部分省区的捕食根结线虫(Meloidogyne spp.)、蘑菇堆肥线虫(Aphelenchoides composticla)、小杆线虫(Rhabditis sp.)和秀丽隐杆线虫(Caenorhabditis elegans)的节丛孢属菌18个种,其中2个新种,7个我国新记录种。新种是贵州节丛孢Arthrobotrys guizhouensis K.Q.Zhang sp.nov.和秀丽节丛孢A.venusta K.Q.Zhang sp.DOV.。此外,文中还列出了节丛孢属18个种的检索表。     

丛赤壳类真菌8个新组合（英文）

按现行的国际命名法规和肉座菌目名称提案委员会对属名的处理建议,对生赤壳科和丛赤壳科4个属中8个种的名称进行了命名上的订正,建立8个新组合:蜜黄枝穗霉Clonostachys mellea、平截枝穗霉C.truncata、囊胞枝穗霉C.vesiculosa、竹镰孢菌Fusarium bambusae、庐山新赤壳Neocosmospora lushanensis、平铺假赤壳Pseudocosmospora effusa、河南假赤壳P.henanensis和炭团假赤壳P.nummulariae。     

银杏内生真菌多样性研究(英文)

采用组织块分离法,从中国福建、江苏、贵州三省银杏Ginkgo biloba的根、茎、叶、树皮组织中分离内生真菌,利用形态学与ITS rDNA序列分析相结合的方法对所分离的菌株进行鉴定。结果表明从根、茎、叶和树皮分离出175株内生真菌,归为47类,每一类取代表菌株进行ITS测序及系统分析,分别属于子囊菌门的8个目,即Eurotiales、Hypocreales、Xylariales、Trichosphaeriales、Glomerellales、Diaporthales、Botryosphaeriales、Pleosporales,11科,16属。其中刺盘孢属Colletotrichum(19.75%)、链格孢属Alternaria(19.15%)、镰孢菌属Fusarium(10.64%)和拟茎点霉属Phomopsis(10.64%)为优势菌群;并且新丛赤壳属Neonectria和生赤壳属Bionectria为首次从银杏中分离出。Shannon-Wiener指数(H=2.4192)和Simpson指数(1-D=0.8856)的计算结果反应出所获得的银杏内生真菌菌群具有较高的多样性。     

生赤壳科和丛赤壳科的中国新记录种*

本文报道了生赤壳科和丛赤壳科的中国新记录16个种,它们隶属于生赤壳属 (Bionectria)、丽赤壳属 (Calonectria)、赤壳属 (Cosmospora)、血赤壳属 (Haematonectria)、丛赤壳属 (Nectria)和拟赤壳属 (Nectriopsis),变更了一个种的名称。     

中国的捕食线虫真菌：V.节丛孢属

本文报道了分离自我国部分省区的捕食根结线虫、蘑菇堆肥线虫、小杆线虫和秀丽隐杆线虫的节丛孢属菌１８个种,其中２个新种,７个我国新记录种。新种中贵洲节从孢Ａｒｔｈｒｏｂｏｔｒｙｓ ｇｕｉｚｈｏｕｅｎｓｉｓＫ．Ｑ．Ｚｈａｎｇ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ。和秀丽节丛孢Ａ．ｖｅｎｕｓｔａＫ．Ｑ．Ｚｈａｎｇ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ。此外,文中还列出了节丝孢属１８个种的检索表。     

生赤壳科和丛赤壳科的中国新记录种

本文报道了生赤壳科和丛赤壳科的中国新记录16个种,它们隶属于生赤壳属(Bionectria)、丽赤壳属(Calonectria)、赤壳属(Cosmospora)、血赤壳属(Haematonectria)、丛赤壳属(Nectria)和拟赤壳属(Nectriopsis),变更了一个种的名称。     

中国的捕食线虫真菌V．节丛孢属

本文报道了分离自我国部分省区的捕食根结线虫(Meloidogyne spp)、蘑菇堆肥线虫(Aphelenchoides composticla)、小杆线虫(Rhabditis sp.)和秀丽隐杆线虫(Caenorhabditiselegans)的节丛孢属菌18个种,其中2个新种,7个我国新记录种。新种是贵州节丛孢Arthrobotrys guizhouensis K. Q. Zhang sp. Nov.和秀丽节丛孢 A. venusta K. Q. Zhangsp．Nov.。此外,文中还列出了节丛孢属18个种的检索表。     

中国粪生子囊真菌Ⅰ:中国新记录属异接柄孢属和新记录种盘孢锥毛壳(英文)

报道了中国粪生真菌的1个新记录属——异接柄孢属和1个新记录种——盘孢锥毛壳。在观察所采集标本的基础上,概述了异接柄孢属的特征,并描述了美丽异接柄孢和盘孢锥毛壳的形态特征。文中还讨论了所采集的标本与模式标本原始描述的差别。     

松口蘑复合种形态学及生物地理学研究

松口蘑复合种含有松口蘑Tricholoma matsutake (也称松茸)、北欧口蘑T. nauseosum、喜栎口蘑T. zangii和美洲口蘑T. magnivelare等4个分类单元。在对来自中国、日本、法国、西班牙、瑞典、芬兰和美国的标本进行形态学研究的基础上,认为松口蘑、北欧口蘑、喜栎口蘑形态十分接近,它们的分类地位应该重新考虑。美洲口蘑和它们的差别也不大。对松口蘑复合种的寄主和地理分布也进行了总结,发现松口蘑和美洲口蘑的寄主范围较广,寄主专化性不强,而北欧口蘑和喜栎口蘑的寄主比较专一。在地理分布上,松口蘑和美洲口蘑形成亚洲—北美地理替代种的分布格局;松口蘑和北欧口蘑形成欧亚间断分布的分布格局;喜栎口蘑的地理分布范围完全包含在松口蘑的分布范围中。松口蘑复合种种类的分布区和它们各自寄主的分布不一定完全相同。在松口蘑复合种内,北欧口蘑和松口蘑已被认为是同一个种,而其余两个分类单元的分类地位值得进一步研究。     

Nectria eustromatica sp. nov., an exceptional species with a hypocreaceous stroma

A new species with remarkable morphology, Nectria eustromatica, is described, based on morphology of the teleomorph and anamorph, ecology and molecular phylogenetic analyses. Nectria eustromatica is characterized by sphaeroid perithecia immersed in pseudoparenchymatous stromata formed singly or collectively on a subiculum. Despite its deviating teleomorph morphology, it is placed within Nectria sensu stricto in phylogenetic analyses of a combined dataset of LSU, ITS, rpb2 and tef1 sequences with high internal support. Nectria eustromatica has been collected specifically on Hippocrepis (Coronilla) emerus in southern Europe. The anamorph of N. eustromatica shares morphological traits with the genera Stilbella and Tubercularia but produces non-phialidic macroconidia in addition to phialoconidia.     

A new species ofNectria onMauritia flexuosa (Arecaceae) in Ecuador and a key toNectria and allied genera on palms

A new species ofNectria, N. palmicola on rachides ofMauritia flexuosa, is described from Ecuador. It is compared with the similar species.N. calami andN. pseudopezizia. Nectria palmicola is illustrated with light and SEM micrographs and line diagrams. A key and host index to species ofNectria and allied genera on palms is given.     

Production and use of calli from yellow birch buds for in vitro assessment of virulence of Nectria galligena isolates

Field studies of perennial Nectria canker of northern hardwoods, caused by the ascomycete fungus Nectria galligena, are time-consuming since the disease develops slowly on the stem of trees. In this report, an in vitro bioassay is described for determining and comparing the virulence of different isolates of Nectria galligena by using calli produced from yellow birch buds. The technique facilitates the distinction between highly virulent and less virulent isolates of the pathogen within one week following the inoculation.     

Use of a Monoclonal Antibody-Based Immunoassay for the Detection and Quantification of Heliscus lugdunensis Colonizing Alder Leaves and Roots

A genus-specific monoclonal antibody, NG-CF10, raised in a previous study to the fungal pathogen Nectria galligena, was found to recognize the aquatic hyphomycete Heliscus lugdunensis (anamorph) and its teleomorph Nectria lugdunensis. Using this MAb in a plate trapped antigen- ELISA we could detect and determine the biomass of Heliscus lugdunensis in mixed assemblages in both naturally occurring and artificially inoculated leaves and roots of Alnus glutinosa trees. Initial studies indicate that the biomass associated with naturally occurring leaf material is significantly lower than that recorded with laboratory inoculated leaves, suggesting that biomass production is limited in the natural environment. Significantly lower biomass was associated with roots when compared with leaf material, which supports the proposition that rather than a major substrate for the growth of aquatic hyphomycetes, roots act as a refugium for fungal growth.     

Biochemical Changes in Cultures of Nectria galligena during the Autolytic Phase of Growth

Some biochemical changes occurring in cultures of Nectria galligenaduring its autolytic phase of growth have been investigated.In nitrate-grown and autolysed cultures of this fungus the degreeof autolysis amounted to 57 per cent. The amount of myceliallipids decreased continuously with the age of the culture. Totalmycelial nitrogen did not substantially change within the first50 days of autolysis. The constancy in the amount of bound aminoacids released from mycelium of Nectria galligena strongly suggeststhat mycelial protein are not affected by autolysis.     

中国拟缺齿藓属Haplodontium Hampe(真藓科)的分类学研究

报道了中国新记录属--拟缺齿藓属（Haplodontium Hampe）分类学的研究进展。目前本属在中国分布有3种,其中包括1新种：臧氏拟缺齿藓（Haplodontium zangii X.R.Wang&J.C.Zhao）,2个新组合：喜马拉雅拟缺齿藓[H.himalayanum（Mitt.）X.R.Wang&J.C.Zhao]和中华拟缺齿藓[H.sinensis（Dix.）X.R.Wang&J.C.Zhao]。笔者对中国拟缺齿藓属3种植物的形态学特征绘制了墨线图,在光学显微镜和电子显微镜下拍摄显微形态照片,并对每种的主要识别特征、生境和地理分布以及与相似种的形态学比较进行了讨论。     

Neonectria and Cylindrocarpon: the Nectria mammoidea group and species lacking microconidia

Neonectria (Hypocreales: Nectriaceae) species having Cylindrocarpon anamorphs that lack microconidia and chlamydospores include: Neo. discophora var. discophora, Neo. discophora var. rubi, stat nov. et comb. nov., Neo. lucida, comb. nov., Neo. viridispora, sp. nov. and Neo. westlandica, comb. nov. Perithecia of these species are red and perithecial anatomyis of the N. mammoidea type, with a palisade of hypha-like cells in the outer perithecial wall. These species occur on recently dead or dying trees. Perithecia of Neo. betulae, sp. nov and Neo. dumontii, sp. nov. are anatomically and biologically similar to those of Neo. discophora. The only known culture of Neo. betulae remained sterile, while Neo. dumontii has not been cultured; their anamorphs are presumed to be Cylindrocarpon. Analyses of mit ssu rDNA sequences indicate that Neonectria/Cylindrocarpon is monophyletic. Within the genus, species having N. mammoidea type perithecia are paraphyletic. Most species cluster with Neo. discophora, but Neo. westlandica and Neo. trachosa are basal to a clade that includes species that do not have a N. mammoidea-type perithecium. Nectria fuckeliana clusters independently of Neonectria and Nectria. Although reported to have a Cylindrocarpon anamorph, fresh ascospore isolates of N. fuckeliana did not produce Cylindrocarpon macroconidia but produced acremonium- or verticillium-like anamorphs. A key to nectriaceous species of Neonectria that have Cylindrocarpon anamorphs that lack microconidia and chlamydospores and/or that have a N. mammoidea type perithecial wall anatomy is presented. New combinations are proposed for other species formerly included in Nectria that have non-microconidial Cylindrocarpon anamorphs: Neonectria cinnamomea, Neo. jungneri, Neo. platycephala, Neo. phaeodisca and Neo. verrucospora.     

Ascospore diversity of bryophilous Hypocreales and two new hepaticolous Nectria species

Hypocreales represents one of the most successful orders of ascomycetes on mosses and hepatics, and more than 30 obligately bryophilous species belonging to seven genera of Bionectriaceae and Nectriaceae are known. These fungi have a remarkably wide range of ascospore types that differ in form, size and septation. Especially heterogeneous are the ascospores of the six hypocrealean parasites recorded on European populations of Frullania dilatata. Patterns of distribution of bryophilous Hypocreales on this host appear to follow the principles of island biogeography. Two new leaf-perforating species of Nectria with unusual ascospores are described. Nectria foertheri D?bbeler sp. nov. grows biotrophically on Porella sp. in Guatemala, and N. lagodes D?bbeler sp. nov. is a necrotroph on Frullania dilatata in Italy and Greece.