海南省三亚市15例新冠病毒Omicron变异株BA.5.1.3亚型的基因组特征分析

本文选取15例SARS-CoV-2感染病例的鼻咽拭子样本,采用新冠病毒全基因组三代Nanopore测序技术进行全基因组测序并对病毒的变异位点进行分析;结果显示,15株病毒均为BA.5.1.3变异株（Omicron）,NextStrain进化分析为22B。15株毒株共同发现了71个核苷酸突变位点,氨基酸的变异位点有54个,其中存在相同的16个同义突变。15株毒株具有5个特有的核苷酸变异,4个特有的氨基酸变异位点,个别毒株还具有其他突变位点。这是中国境内首次发现Omicron BA.5.1.3变异株,此变异株存在引发本地的流行和暴发风险,需要严密持续的对境外输入病例进行流行病学调查和病毒基因分子特征分析。本研究构建测序方法和分析结果可用于新冠病毒的变异分析和病例溯源,对新冠疫情防控具有重要意义。     

SARS-CoV-2污染的进口冷链产品导致的一起大连本土新冠疫情

2020年12月15日,大连市报告了4名码头冷链货物搬运工人SARS-CoV-2核酸检测呈阳性,在此之前,大连市已经连续136天没有报告本土病例.在这次大连COVID-19疫情(简称"大连新冠疫情")中,我们收集了2020年12月15日至2021年1月8日期间大连新冠疫情中全部感染者(83)及部分接触的轮船货物样本,其中确诊病例占61.45％(51/83),无症状感染者占38.55％(32/83).通过高通量测序,共获得76条SARS-CoV-2全基因组序列,其中72条(86.75％,72/83)来自临床样本,4条来自R国籍A货船上的冷链食品外包装样本.基因组分析数据显示,与武汉参考株(NC_045512)相比,76条全基因组分别存在12～16个核苷酸突变位点,共享12个核苷酸突变位点,符合B.1.1进化分支突变特征.结合病毒基因组学和现场流行病学调查结果综合分析表明,大连新冠疫情是一起由SARS-CoV-2污染的进口冷链产品感染码头工人导致的本土疫情,在传播过程中至少形成了3个病毒代际和3个相对独立的传播链.     

庆阳市本土新冠病毒Omicron变异株的全基因组特征分析

本文将高通量测序技术应用于新型冠状病毒感染（COVID-19）的疫情防控当中,从基因组水平上了解新型冠状病毒（SARS-CoV-2）的分子学特征及变异情况,从而为疫情的防控提供科学的参考及准确的研判依据。我们选取2022年8月-9月庆阳市报告的新冠疫情本土感染者标本作为研究对象,对标本进行核酸检测和病毒全基因组测序并进行序列比对,使用MEGA分析软件基于邻接法构建病毒进化树,从而了解病毒的分子学特征及相关性。本研究所选取的9例病例均为普通型病例,核酸检测Ct值均较低。Nextclade分型结果显示：9条序列均属于21L型Omicron变异株;Pangolin分型结果显示：9条序列均处于Pangolin谱系中的BA.2.76进化分支上。与武汉参考株Wuhan-Hu-1(NC＿045512.2)相比,9条SARS-CoV-2序列的核苷酸同源性中位数为94.6%,核苷酸突变类型包括76～78个替换突变和3处缺失突变,氨基酸突变位点共涉及10个基因编码框,按氨基酸错义突变总数由多到少依次为：S蛋白区,ORF1ab区,N蛋白区,M蛋白区,E蛋白区和ORF3a、ORF6、ORF8、ORF9b区。进...     

喀什边境口岸陆运卡车及集装箱污染的新冠病毒基因特征分析

新疆维吾尔自治区喀什地区作为我国与中亚和欧洲的重要陆路货运口岸,来往货物运输频繁,引入新型冠状病毒(SARS-CoV-2)风险大,对我国新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)疫情防控造成压力.2020年11月我国新疆维吾尔自治区喀什地区发生输入SARS-CoV-2导致的本土聚集性COVID-19疫情.为明确货物运输载体携带SARS-CoV-2的基因特征以及边境快速物流系统作为SARS-CoV-2传播载体的可能性,本研究对2020年11月6日-2020年11月10日期间在喀什边境口岸货运卡车及运输的集装箱采集的35份SARS-CoV-2核酸阳性样本进行SARS-CoV-2全基因组序列测定和比对分析.结果 显示,35份样本ORFlab基因Ct值的中位数(最小值～最大值)为37.64(28.91～39.81),N基因Ct值的中位数(最小值～最大值)为36.50(26.35～39.30),Reads数匹配率的中位数(最小值～最大值)为51.95％(0.86％～99.31％),病毒载量较低;35份样本中基因组覆盖度达到70％以上的共计18份.基于Pango命名法,18条SARS-CoV-2基因组序列分别属于B.1、B.1.1、B.1.9、B.1.1.220、B.1.153和B.1.465共6个不同的基因型,其中3个基因型(B.1、B.1.1和B.1.153)在喀什边境接壤或邻近的四个国家同期采集的病例样本中也有发现.核苷酸突变位点和系统进化树分析显示,同一个地点采集的样本病毒基因组相似程度高;18条序列中的4条与喀什COVID-19疫情毒株代表序列处在同一个进化分支;其中1条序列与喀什COVID-19疫情毒株基因组存在1个或2个核苷酸突变位点差异,高度同源.本研究证实喀什COVID-19疫情期间边境货运卡车和集装箱存在境外多种基因型病毒的污染,其中存在喀什COVID-19疫情毒株的祖父代病毒,高度提示边境快速物流系统卡车及集装箱作为载体携带SARS-CoV-2病毒入境造成了本土疫情,这些数据为我国边境口岸地区的新冠防控策略制定及后续疫情溯源提供了关键的参考依据.     

2022年海南省新型冠状病毒奥密克戎（BA.1.1）变异株基因特征分析

为进一步积累和完善海南省新型冠状病毒（Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2,SARS-CoV-2）奥密克戎（Omicron）变异株病原学特点的认识,本研究对2022年海南省14例感染奥密克戎（BA.1.1）变异株病例进行新冠病毒基因特征分析。应用Illumina公司MiSeqDX深度测序平台进行全基因组序列测定,Nextclade在线分析平台和DNASTAR 7.0.1生物信息学软件进行多序列比对和基因组特征分析,采用MEGA 10.1.8邻位归并法（Neighbour-joining）绘制系统进化树,结合流行病学调查进行回顾性溯源分析。海南省14例病例感染的奥密克戎（BA.1.1）变异株基因组高度相似,同武汉参考序列（GenBank No.NC＿045512）相比,存在63或64个核苷酸突变位点,39个核苷酸位点缺失,22204位点有9个核苷酸插入,引起43个氨基酸突变和16个氨基酸位点缺失。刺突（Spike, S）蛋白存在32个氨基酸突变位点,S1蛋白RBD区R346K是VOC/Omicron(BA.1.1)变异株特征性突变...     

深圳市一株境外输入新型冠状病毒C.1.2变异株的分子特征分析

为了了解境外输入的新型冠状病毒（SARS-CoV-2）变异株的分子特征,本研究对2021年6月深圳市一株从南非输入的SARS-CoV-2毒株进行了全基因组测序和序列分析。Illumina测序技术获得的SARS-CoV-2毒株基因组长度为29 567nt。根据"Pango lineages"分型法,本研究测定的毒株属于C.1.2系,该谱系属世界卫生组织定义的监测变异株（Variants Under Monitoring,VUM）成员之一。与参考株Wuhan-Hu-1(NC＿045512.2)比较,本研究C.1.2系毒株共出现了58个核苷酸变异位点,其中56个变异位点位于编码区。氨基酸变异位点共有33个,氨基酸变异位点分布于6个开放阅读框,变异数由多到少依次为：S蛋白区12个,ORFlab蛋白区9个,ORF3a蛋白区2个,M区2个,ORF8区2个,E区1个。本研究测定的SARS-CoV-2毒株属我国大陆首例境外输入的C.1.2变异株。开展境外输入的SARS-CoV-2毒株基于基因组测序的分子监测,对防控由境外输入的SARS-CoV-2变异株引起本地新型冠状病毒肺炎（COVID-19）暴发与...     

全球新型冠状病毒变异株研究进展

截至2021年5月11日,基于Pango命名法,依据新型冠状病毒(SARS-CoV-2)的基因组变异变迁将其划分为1281种亚型或分支.而SARS-CoV-2刺突(spike,S)蛋白的变异直接影响病毒的生物学功能.2020年下半年至今,全球多个国家和地区监测发现SARS-CoV-2的S蛋白发生氨基酸突变,特别是受体结合区或单克隆抗体结合位点氨基酸突变引起病毒的传播力和致病力改变以及部分免疫逃逸等.世界卫生组织将重要变异株划分为"关切变异株(variant of concern,VOC)"和"关注变异株(variant of interest,VOI)".其中,VOC 有4个,分别是 VOC 202012/01、501Y.V2﹑P.1 和 B.1.617;VOI 有6个,分别是 CAL.20C、P.2、B.1.526、B.1.525、B.1.616和P.3.一些氨基酸突变在多个VOC和VOI病毒株中交叉出现或同时出现,E484K/Q等重要氨基酸突变引起的部分免疫逃逸导致全球现有疫苗免疫效力下降,但现有新冠疫苗对VOC和VOI变异株仍然有效.本文通过对SARS-CoV-2变异株流行概况及S蛋白重要氨基酸突变特征进行归纳分析,为新冠病毒变异株的监测、防控和二代疫苗的研制策略提供科学参考.     

新型冠状病毒变异株VOC 202012/01的全球早期传播与刺突蛋白进化特征分析

新型冠状病毒(SARS-CoV-2)自2019年底流行至今,已进化出多个不同的亚型或分支并在全球共同传播。2020年12月14日,英国报道了一种新的SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern 202012/01(VOC 202012/01)变异株,其刺突(spike,S)蛋白累积了10个氨基酸突变,传播力增强。为分析SARS-CoV-2 VOC 202012/01变异株的全球传播与进化规律,本研究对截至到2020年12月31日的GISAID数据库中符合VOC 202012/01变异株特征的全基因组序列进行了时空分布及S蛋白进化特征分析。结果表明,VOC 202012/01变异株自2020年9月20日于英国首次出现后,在英国境内迅速蔓延,毒株数量逐月增多,并逐步扩散到全球4个大洲22个国家。在2020年9~12月传播期间,VOC 202012/01变异株的S蛋白除10个特征性位点稳定突变以外,均呈随机突变,仅有2个氨基酸突变位点存在于50条以上的序列中,行成小的分支。本文初步阐明了SARS-CoV-2 VOC 202012/01变异株的在全球早期流行中的传播与S蛋白的进化特征,为我国应对VOC 202012/01变异株的监测与防控提供科学依据。     

急性弛缓性麻痹病例中Ⅱ型脊髓灰质炎疫苗病毒变异株基因特征分析

研究Ⅱ型脊髓灰质炎(脊灰)疫苗变异株的基因特征,为我国使用口服脊灰减毒活疫苗/脊灰灭活疫苗使用策略,维持无脊灰状态和全球最终消灭脊灰提供科学依据。根据型内鉴定的检测结果,从2000~2001年AFP病例分离到的Ⅱ型脊灰疫苗变异株中选取有聚集性的5株病毒进行全基因组序列测定(贵州省3株、山东省2株),并进行核苷酸、氨基酸同源性分析。贵州省3株病毒全基因组序列完全一致,但与SabinⅢ型病毒发生重组,重组区域在3A区(nt5343~5353);与疫苗株相比,Ⅱ型区域变异10个碱基,其中VP1区变异4个,与SabinⅡ型株核苷酸同源性为99·56%,氨基酸同源性99·34%;Ⅲ型区域变异9个碱基。山东省2株病毒全基因序列共享16个突变位点,没有发生重组,与SabinⅡ型株相比,VP1区分别变异7个和4个碱基,核苷酸同源性分别为99·22%和99·56%,氨基酸同源性分别为99·0%和99·67%。上述5株病毒在重要的减毒位点nt481、nt2909均发生突变。此研究中5株病毒分属于两个不同的传播链,但是共享nt481、nt2909、nt2992三个突变位点,这3个突变位点不在重组区域内,他们的共同作用可能是影响病毒传播力的重要因素,但目前尚无证据证明脊灰疫苗病毒型间重组会增加病毒的毒力及传播力。     

丽水市早期新冠肺炎无症状感染者SARS-CoV-2全基因组序列分析

对1例新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情流行早期的无症状感染者临床标本进行SARS-CoV-2实验室鉴定和全基因组测定,在分子水平了解新型病毒的基因特点和变异情况,追溯病毒潜在来源.实时荧光定量PCR扩增丽水市庆元县首例确诊患者密切接触者的痰液标本SARS-CoV-2核酸,阳性RNA逆转录为cDNA构建文库后进行基于NGS的宏基因组深度测序,生物学软件分析处理数据.该密接无任何症状及体征,痰液标本SARS-CoV-2核酸阳性.测序数据包含有足够的病毒序列,组装成功后hCoV-19/Lishui/LS556/2020长29 887bp,G+C含量37.99％,在ORF1ab和N区域发现4个SNP,对应1个错义突变和3个同义突变.LS556与SARS-CoV-2参考序列核苷酸/氨基酸同源性在99.2％/97.4％以上,不同序列之间存在4～17个核苷酸差异,与蝙蝠病毒RaTG13核苷酸差异仅3.7％,存在1141个SNP,与穿山甲病毒Guangdong/1相似性90.9％.LS556属于β冠状病毒Lineage B谱系,与LS003和ZJU-06共享完全相同的病毒,与蝙蝠/穿山甲冠状病毒进化上最相关.结合流行病学、核酸诊断、病毒溯源判定其为无症状感染者.LS556组成和结构符合SARS-CoV-2典型的基因特征,为高覆盖率序列,在流行早期与其他SARS-CoV-2基因组具有高度的同一性,突变率保持在较低水平,多数导致氨基酸位点保守置换.     

Characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 transmission in a medium-sized city with traditional communities during the early COVID-19 epidemic in China

The nationwide COVID-19 epidemic ended in 2020, a few months after its outbreak in Wuhan, China at the end of 2019. Most COVID-19 cases occurred in Hubei Province, with a few local outbreaks in other provinces of China. A few studies have reported the early SARS-CoV-2 epidemics in several large cities or provinces of China. However, information regarding the early epidemics in small and medium-sized cities, where there are still traditionally large families and community culture is more strongly maintained and thus, transmission profiles may differ, is limited. In this study, we characterized 60 newly sequenced SARS-CoV-2 genomes from Anyang as a representative of small and medium-sized Chinese cities, compared them with more than 400 reference genomes from the early outbreak, and studied the SARS-CoV-2 transmission profiles. Genomic epidemiology revealed multiple SARS-CoV-2 introductions in Anyang and a large-scale expansion of the epidemic because of the large family size. Moreover, our study revealed two transmission patterns in a single outbreak, which were attributed to different social activities. We observed the complete dynamic process of single-nucleotide polymorphism development during community transmission and found that intrahost variant analysis was an effective approach to studying cluster infections. In summary, our study provided new SARS-CoV-2 transmission profiles representative of small and medium-sized Chinese cities as well as information on the evolution of SARS-CoV-2 strains during the early COVID-19 epidemic in China.     

Current development of COVID-19 diagnostics,vaccines and therapeutics

A novel coronavirus, designated as SARS-CoV-2, first emerged in Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China, in late December 2019. The rapidly increasing number of cases has caused worldwide panic. In this review, we describe some currently applied diagnostic approaches, as well as therapeutics and vaccines, to prevent, treat and control further outbreaks of SARS-CoV-2 infection.     

Seroprevalence and asymptomatic carrier status of SARS-CoV-2 in Wuhan City and other places of China

Wuhan City (WH) in China was the first place to report COVID-19 in the world and the outbreak of COVID-19 was controlled in March of 2020 in WH. It is unclear what percentage of people were infected with SARS-CoV-2 and what percentage of population is carriers of SARS-CoV-2 in WH. We retrospectively analyzed the SARS-CoV-2 IgG and IgM antibody positive rates in 63,107 healthy individuals from WH and other places of China using commercial colloidal gold detection kits from March 6 to May 3, 2020. Statistical approaches were utilized to explore the difference and correlation for the seropositive rate of IgG and IgM antibody on the basis of sex, age group, geographic region and detection date. The total IgG and IgM antibody positive rate of SARS-CoV-2 was 1.68% (186/11,086) in WH, 0.59% (226/38,171) in Hubei Province without Wuhan (HB), and 0.38% (53/13,850) in the nation except for Hubei Province (CN), respectively. The IgM positive rate was 0.46% (51/11,086) in WH, 0.13% (51/38,171) in HB, and 0.07% (10/13,850) in CN. The incidence of IgM positive rates in healthy individuals increased from March 6 to May 3, 2020 in WH. Female and older age had a higher probability of becoming infected than males (OR = 1.34; 95% CI: 1.08–1.65) or younger age (OR = 2.25; 95% CI: 1.06–4.78). The seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 was relatively low in WH and other places of China, but it is significantly high in WH than other places of China; a large amount of asymptomatic carriers of SARS-CoV-2 existed after elimination of clinical cases of COVID-19 in Wuhan City. Therefore, SARS-CoV-2 may exist in a population without clinical cases for a long period.     

Genomic analysis of SARS-CoV-2 reveals local viral evolution in Ghana

The confirmed case fatality rate for the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Ghana has dropped from a peak of 2% in March to be consistently below 1% since May 2020. Globally, case fatality rates have been linked to the strains/clades of circulating severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) within a specific country. Here we present 46 whole genomes of SARS-CoV-2 circulating in Ghana, from two separate sequencing batches: 15 isolates from the early epidemic (March 12–April 1 2020) and 31 from later time-points ( 25–27 May 2020). Sequencing was carried out on an Illumina MiSeq system following an amplicon-based enrichment for SARS-CoV-2 cDNA. After genome assembly and quality control processes, phylogenetic analysis showed that the first batch of 15 genomes clustered into five clades: 19A, 19B, 20A, 20B, and 20C, whereas the second batch of 31 genomes clustered to only three clades 19B, 20A, and 20B. The imported cases (6/46) mapped to circulating viruses in their countries of origin, namely, India, Hungary, Norway, the United Kingdom, and the United States of America. All genomes mapped to the original Wuhan strain with high similarity (99.5–99.8%). All imported strains mapped to the European superclade A, whereas 5/9 locally infected individuals harbored the B4 clade, from the East Asian superclade B. Ghana appears to have 19B and 20B as the two largest circulating clades based on our sequence analyses. In line with global reports, the D614G linked viruses seem to be predominating. Comparison of Ghanaian SARS-CoV-2 genomes with global genomes indicates that Ghanaian strains have not diverged significantly from circulating strains commonly imported into Africa. The low level of diversity in our genomes may indicate lower levels of transmission, even for D614G viruses, which is consistent with the relatively low levels of infection reported in Ghana.     

2003～2007年中国风疹病毒基因特征分析

本研究用Vero细胞或Vero/SLAM细胞从我国10个省(直辖市、自治区,下同)2003～2007年风疹暴发和散发病例的咽拭子标本中分离到57株风疹病毒,用RT-PCR方法扩增了57株风疹病毒E1基因1 107个核苷酸的片段,并对该PCR产物进行序列测定和分析.结果提示,在基于WHO基因定型靶序列739个核苷酸片段构建的基因亲缘关系树上,其中55株风疹病毒株属于1E基因型,相对于其他国家的1E基因型,形成一个独立分支;另外2株风疹病毒属于2B基因型.57株风疹病毒大部分核苷酸的突变为无义突变,氨基酸序列高度保守,除了2株风疹病毒在E1蛋白血凝抑制和中和位点区域第212位氨基酸由Thr变为Ser,其他病毒株均无重要抗原位点的改变;所有我国已分离到的1E基因型风疹病毒在E1蛋白第338位氨基酸共享突变位点(Leu338→Phe338),而其他基因型以及其他国家的1E基因型风疹病毒在该位点均未发生突变,提示该氨基酸(Phe338)可能是我国1E基因型风疹病毒所特有.2003～2007年在我国10个省均分离到1E基因型,而2B基因型只在2006年从四川省的越南输入病例中分离到,提示1E为绝对优势基因型,2B基因型为输入基因型.与1979～1984年和1999～2002年我国流行的风疹基因型不同,发生了基因型的更替,近年我国风疹的流行是由1E基因型为主的风疹野病毒的多个传播链引起.     

In-silico genomic landscape characterization and evolution of SARS-CoV-2 variants isolated in India shows significant drift with high frequency of mutations

In-silico studies on SARS-CoV-2 genome are considered important to identify the significant pattern of variations and its possible effects on the structural and functional characteristics of the virus. The current study determined such genetic variations and their possible impact among SARS-CoV-2 variants isolated in India. A total of 546 SARS-CoV-2 genomic sequences (India) were retrieved from the gene bank (NCBI) and subjected to alignment against the Wuhan variant (NC_045512.2), the corresponding amino acid changes were analyzed using NCBI Protein-BLAST. These 546 variants revealed 841 mutations; most of these were non-synonymous 464/841 (55.1%), there was no identical variant compared to the original strain. All genes; coding and non-coding showed nucleotide changes, most of the structural genes showed frequent nonsynonymous mutations. The most affected genes were ORF1a/b followed by the S gene which showed 515/841 (61.2%) and 120/841 (14.3%) mutations, respectively. The most frequent non-synonymous mutation 486/546 (89.01%) occurred in the S gene (structural gene) at position 23,403 where A changed to G leading to the replacement of aspartic acid by glycine in position (D614G). Interestingly, four variants also showed deletion. The variants MT800923 and MT800925 showed 12 consecutive nucleotide deletion in position 21982–21993 resulting in 4 consecutive amino acid deletions that were leucine, glycine, valine, and tyrosine in positions 141, 142, 143, and 144 respectively. The present study exhibited a higher mutations rate per variant compared to other studies carried out in India.     

Fish ACE2 is not susceptible to SARS-CoV-2

The ongoing pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has reshaped our daily life and caused > 4 million deaths worldwide (https://covid19.who.int/). Although lockdown and vaccination have improved the situation in many countries, imported cases and sporadic outbreaks pose a constant stress to the prevention and control of COVID-19. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the etiologic agent responsible for COVID-19, has a positive-sense single-stranded RNA genome of 30 kb (Coronaviridae Study Group of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses, 2020). We and other groups have demonstrated that the SARS-CoV-2 could use the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) as cell receptor, including orthologs of a broad range of animal species such as human, bats, ferrets, pigs, cats, and dogs (Hoffmann et al., 2020; Zhou et al., 2020; Liu et al., 2021). Although the evolutionary origin of SARS-CoV-2 can be linked to the discoveries of diverse coronaviruses related to SARS-CoV-2 in wild animals such as bats (Zhou et al., 2020; Wacharapluesadee et al., 2021) and pangolins (Liu et al., 2019; Lam et al., 2020), the direct origin of SARS-CoV-2 in humans remains unknown. In China, several sporadic outbreaks of COVID-19 in 2020 were linked to food in cold chain sold at trade markets, including salmon meat (http://www.nhc.gov.cn/xcs/yqtb/list_gzbd.shtml) (Yang et al., 2020). The detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA on the surface of frozen meat for as long as 20 days has also been reported (Feng et al., 2021). A concern regarding the potential role of fish in SARS-CoV-2 transmission has also been raised. Therefore, we investigated the susceptibility of fish ACE2 to SARS-CoV-2.     

Characterization of the F gene of contemporary mumps virus strains isolated in Japan

Mumps virus (MuV) strains isolated in Saitama Prefecture, Japan, from 1997 to 2001, were examined by analyzing the SH and the F gene nucleotide sequences. The results of the SH gene analysis showed that only genotype G was found in 2001 as well as in 2000, and that genotype J, which we proposed as a new genotype in a previous study, was from a different lineage than the genotype J described by Tecle et al. (J. Gen. Virol. 82, 2675-2680). We therefore, propose to rename the genotype as K to avoid confusion. Then, the F gene of genotypes G, H, and K strains were analyzed together with previously reported strains in this study. The results of phylogenetic analysis of the F gene nucleotide sequences showed that these strains formed a cluster as described by the SH gene analysis. Alignment of the F amino acid sequences showed that the F protein was well conserved among strains of different genotypes with a few amino acid differences. These results provide better information for the characterization of contemporary MuV strains in Japan.     

2018–2020年人轮状病毒锦州地方株VP4及VP7基因特征

【背景】人A组轮状病毒(Rotavirus Group A,RVA)是婴幼儿胃肠炎的主要病原体及发展中国家婴幼儿死亡的重要原因,目前无特效药物治疗,疫苗预防是唯一可行的预防感染方法。外衣壳蛋白VP7和VP4是疫苗设计的主要靶点,针对该基因加强RVA地方株分子流行病学监测十分必要。【目的】对锦州地方流行RVA株VP7和VP4基因进行型别鉴定和序列特征分析。【方法】收集锦州地区2018-2020年RVA感染腹泻患儿的粪便标本,提取病毒RNA,通过RT-PCR扩增VP7、VP4基因片段并测序,得到7株RVA VP7和VP4序列。使用在线基因分型工具Rota C V2.0对测序结果进行分型分析。应用BLAST、DNAStar、MEGA X、Bio Edit等生物软件与临床流行株及疫苗株进行系统发育分析及氨基酸序列比对分析。【结果】分型结果表明7株锦州地方株均为G9P[8]型,系统发育分析证实其VP7和VP4基因分别属于G9-Ⅵ和P[8]-3谱系,核苷酸序列相似性分别为99.32%-100%与99.41%-100%。JZ株VP7与疫苗株Rotavac和Rotasiil相比,在抗原表位区7-1a、7-1b、7-2中分别存在4个和3个氨基酸替换。JZ株VP4与疫苗株Rotarix和Rota Teq VP4氨基酸序列相比,发现7个和4个氨基酸替换,位于抗原表位区8-1和8-3。【结论】2018-2020年在辽宁锦州地区检测到7株G9P[8]型RVA株,VP7和VP4序列相似性高于99%,G9P[8]型可能是辽宁省锦州地区2018-2020年婴幼儿轮状病毒腹泻的主要流行基因型之一。与同基因型疫苗株比较,位于JZ株VP7和VP4抗原表位区的氨基酸位点差异对于野毒株免疫逃逸机制的研究具有意义。