黄花菜药材性状鉴别、HPLC指纹图谱建立及多组分含量测定

通过性状鉴别、含量测定和指纹图谱建立三个方面开展黄花菜药材质量研究,首先对不同产地黄花菜润湿后展开,测量各结构数据,并对测量结果进行相关性分析。其次采用HPLC法测定多批次黄花菜指纹图谱及主要成分含量,并对各批次指纹图谱进行相似性评价和主成分分析。本实验建立了黄花菜药材HPLC指纹图谱,确定了45个共有峰,根据对照品指认了4个共有峰,并对其含量进行测定。实验结果显示黄花菜药材的外部形态具有显著性差异,且和产地、海拔、经纬度等有一定的关联。研究结果可以为黄花菜药材的质量控制提供可靠评价方法。     

中国西北地区萱草属花粉形态研究

本文借助光学显微镜和扫描电镜,对我国西北地区萱草属6种1变种的花粉形态进行了比较研究,不同的种类,其花粉形态或多或少有所不同,说明花粉形态在种间具有分类意义,而且6种、1变种可自然地分为两大类群,第一类群包括小黄花菜、北萱草、黄花菜,第二类群包括北黄花菜、折叶萱草、萱草、重瓣萱草。#br#北黄花菜、小黄花菜的花粉形态差别较大,证明把小黄花菜做为北黄花菜的变种是不妥当的。     

黄花菜多糖的提取工艺及含量测定

采用单因子试验和L9（33）正交试验设计对水浴提取黄花菜多糖的最佳工艺条件进行了优化,并对苯酚—硫酸法测定黄花菜多糖作了修正。结果表明：提取黄花菜多糖的最佳工艺条件为：温度80℃、浸提6h、料液比1∶15时,黄花菜多糖的提取率最高,多糖含量为2.68%。并以此计算出苯酚—硫酸法葡萄糖标准曲线测黄花菜多糖的换算因子为4.2。     

萱草属有毒植物的研究

萱草属中某些种的根含神经性毒物,家畜采食或饲喂实验动物能引起中毒病的发生。在鉴于此对北萱草,黄花菜,北黄花菜,小黄花菜进行了植物调查鉴定及有毒成分—萱草根素的提取分离与毒性和结构再鉴定的研究,确认除黄花菜根外其它３种均含有萱草根素。讨论了黄花菜种鉴定中存在的问题。     

添加天然防腐剂的涂料在水果保鲜贮藏中的应用

系统跟踪研究了经保鲜处理的果品在贮存期间的生理活动和商品性能的变化 ,证实在保鲜涂料中添加天然防腐剂在失重率、烂果率、性状风味、VC 含量等指标上均优于化学防腐剂 ,为应用该天然保鲜涂料提供了依据。     

不同的贮藏方式对黄花菜品质的影响

对新鲜的黄花菜分别进行室温贮藏、冷藏、冻藏处理,分析在不同的贮藏条件下黄花菜的营养价值与感官品质随着贮藏天数增长而引起的变化规律。结果表明:新鲜黄花菜在室温(25℃～30℃)条件下2天就开始腐败变质,到第3天完全腐败;在冷藏条件下贮藏6～7天也开始腐败变质,第9天完全腐败变质;而在冻藏条件下能很好的保藏,但是口感会很差,另外,随着贮藏天数的增长,黄花菜的颜色、维生素C、叶绿素和还原糖等指标的变化也会导致黄花菜品质下降。     

国产萱草夜间开花类群的分类研究

在《中国植物志》第14卷中,萱草属Hemerocallis夜间开花类群被处理为3个独立的物种,北黄花菜、黄花菜和小黄花菜。但是,它们之间因严重的性状重叠和交叉,用单个性状如花数、花被管长度、根的直径等区分它们极为困难。本文根据国产干标本和栽培材料,对9个常用检索性状以及核型做了定量分析。另外,这3个类群的地理分布式样表明,它们似乎是不同的地理宗,因为三者替代性分布在由暖湿到旱冷的气候梯度中。本文结论是,将三者处理为同一物种北黄花菜的3个亚种也许更令人信服,即原亚种北黄花菜,亚种黄花菜和亚种小黄花菜。     

NaCl胁迫对黄花菜生长和生理特性的影响

为探明黄花菜的耐盐性及其生理机制,该试验以大同黄花菜为材料,采用砂培法,以正常营养液为对照（CK）,用不同浓度（50、100、150、200、250 mmol·L^-1）NaCl溶液浇灌大同黄花菜,分别于处理后5、10、15、20、25 d测定生长指标和生理指标,以明确NaCl胁迫对大同黄花菜生长、膜脂过氧化以及有机渗透调节物质含量的影响。结果表明：（1）随NaCl浓度提高,黄花菜根长和根系鲜质量先增大后减小,其他生长指标则逐渐显著降低,同时地上部含水量变化较小,根系含水量明显增加。（2）黄花菜叶片叶绿素a、叶绿素b和类胡萝卜素含量随NaCl浓度提高均明显降低。（3）随NaCl浓度提高,黄花菜叶片丙二醛含量和POD活性逐渐显著增加;抗坏血酸含量在胁迫后20 d明显增加,25 d时呈先增加后降低的变化趋势,并在150 mmol·L^-1 NaCl胁迫下达到最大值;SOD活性在处理后10 d先增加后降低,在200 mmol·L^-1 NaCl处理下达到最大值,15 d后随NaCl浓度提高而显著增加。（4）随NaCl浓度提高,叶片脯氨酸含量逐渐显著增加,可溶性糖含量明显降低,可溶性蛋白含量在短期内逐渐增加,在胁迫15 d后呈先增加后降低的变化趋势,在150 mmol·L^-1 NaCl下达到最大值。研究发现,NaCl胁迫对黄花菜叶片光合色素合成的抑制和过氧化伤害程度均随浓度增加而增大;植株自身抗氧化能力和渗透调节能力在盐胁迫下明显提高,一定程度上缓解了盐胁迫对其植株的伤害,但仍不足以消除胁迫带来的不利影响,使得黄花菜植株生长受到显著抑制;黄花菜对NaCl胁迫的耐性较强,植株在250 mmol·L^-1高盐胁迫下仍能存活。     

国产萱草属夜间开花类群的分类研究

在《中国植物志》第14卷中,萱草属Hemerocallis夜间开花类群被处理为3个独立的物种,北黄花菜、黄花菜和小黄花菜。但是,它们之间因严重的性状重叠和交叉,用单个性状如花数、花被管长度、根的直径等区分它们极为困难。本文根据国产干标本和栽培材料,对9个常用检索性状以及核型做了定量分析。另外,这3个类群的地理分布式样表明,它们似乎是不同的地理宗,因为三者替代性分布在由暖湿到旱冷的气候梯度中。本文结论是,将三者处理为同一物种北黄花菜的3个亚种也许更令人信服,即原亚种北黄花菜,亚种黄花菜和亚种小黄花菜。     

不同保鲜剂对唐菖蒲切花保鲜效果的研究

唐宫蒲（Gladiolus）又名大葛兰,为国际市场上重要的切花之一。近年来我国不少地方在发展唐营蒲切花生产,因此进行其切花保鲜的研究具有重要的现实意义。据调查,对瓶插唐茁蒲保鲜及生理效应的研究报道较少”·”。鉴此,我们在前人研究基础上,研究了不同保鲜剂对瓶插唐宫蒲     

金针菜和萱草花药育性与透性的关系

对育性高低不同的三个金针菜品种即高葶黄花、马莲黄花、沙苑金针和与金针菜同属的萱草的花药进行了花粉活力检测。通过电导法、紫外吸收法测定了花药的透性。结果表明,金针菜的育性高低与花粉生活力大小成正相关,与花药透性也成正相关。     

Effects of the growth retardant paclobutrazol on large-scale micropropagation of daylily (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Hemerocallis</Emphasis> spp.)

Summary Meristematic clusters were induced from daylily scape explants (pedicel-scape junction) in the presence of the growth retardant Paclobutrazol on semisolid agar medium. Liquid shake culture was used to proliferate meristematic clusters. Highly efficient regeneration of adventitious shoots occurred on clusters after subculture on a 0.8% agar strength semisolid medium with the addition of activated charcoal. Paclobutrazol and sucrose levels in the media were found to significantly affect starch accumulation, growth value, and dry weight percentage of liquid-cultured meristematic clusters. The use of liquid shake cultures for mass proliferation of meristematic clusters followed by regeneration of adventitious shoots on semisolid agar culture could be an efficient system for large-scale micropropagation of daylily.     

Characterization of proteolytic activity during senescence in daylilies

From 12 to 24 h after the opening of daylily flowers ( Hemerocallis hybrid cv. Stella d'Oro), the petals begin to degrade and the protein levels of soluble, microsomal‐ and plastid‐enriched fractions decrease by 50%, on a per petal basis. To help determine some of the components for the cell death program in daylily petals, we studied the mechanisms that regulate this loss of protein. Enzyme activities capable of digesting native daylily protein, gelatin, and azocasein markedly increase after flower opening, and their appearance is inhibited by the translation inhibitor, cycloheximide. Protein hydrolysis in vitro is prevented by inhibitors of cysteine, serine and metalloproteinases. Immunoblots using antibodies to ubiquitin pathway enzymes indicate that the ubiquitin system is not senescence specific. However, ion leakage is delayed by two inhibitors of the 26S proteasome. We propose that programmed cell death in daylily petals may involve the increase in activity of at least three classes of proteinases, and discuss the possibility that these proteinases may operate in concert with the ubiquitin pathway.     

AM真菌对采煤沉陷区黄花菜生长及根际土壤养分的影响

于陕北黄土沟壑采煤沉陷区内布设试验小区,对黄花菜(Hemerocallis citrina Baroni)接种丛枝菌根真菌(arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi,AMF)—摩西管柄囊霉菌,通过测定黄花菜光合性能、植株生长、抗逆性、土壤养分含量、根际微生物数量等,揭示AM真菌对黄花菜生长和土壤养分的影响。结果表明,黄花菜种植3—5个月后,接种AM真菌显著提高了黄花菜株高、冠幅及其根系菌根侵染率、菌丝密度。与不接种对照区相比,接种AM真菌后黄花菜叶片的光合速率、可溶性糖含量和过氧化氢酶活性分别提高了51%、12%、79%。接种AM真菌处理区黄花菜根际土壤的电导率、有机质、碱解氮和速效钾含量等均显著高于对照区,细菌数量和磷酸酶活性的菌根贡献率分别达77%和24%。表明采煤沉陷区扰动土壤接种AM真菌具有增强土壤微生物活性、改善土壤肥力和提高黄花菜植株抗逆性的作用,对促进陕北黄土沟壑采煤沉陷区经济作物生长和提高土壤质量具有重要现实生态意义。     

Effect of light on in vivo urediniospore germination, lesion development and sporulation of Puccinia hemerocallidis on daylily and Puccinia pelargoniizonalis on geranium

The presence of rusts of daylily and geranium caused respectively by Puccinia hemerocallidis and P. pelargoniizonalis can result in reduced value of these ornamental crops. Experiments were conducted to determine the effects of fluorescent light and sunlight on urediniospore germination, germ tube elongation, lesion development and sporulation of the two fungal pathogens on detached leaves and whole plants. Exposure of dry or hydrated urediniospores of P. hemerocallidis to cool white fluorescent light (600 μmol s(-1) m(-2)) or to sunlight (950-1910 μmol s(-1) m(-2)) for 2 h or 4 h significantly reduced germination and germ tube elongation on detached daylily leaves. Germination but not germ tube elongation of hydrated urediniospores of P. pelargoniizonalis on detached geranium leaves was significantly reduced when exposed to fluorescent light for 2 h or 4 h. A 4 h exposure to either light source significantly reduced lesion development of P. hemerocallidis on detached daylily leaves with fewer lesions developing from hydrated compared to dry urediniospores. Sunlight exposures of 1 h and 2 h of hydrated and dry urediniospores respectively significantly reduced lesion development by either fungus on whole plants. Increasing exposure to fluorescent light negatively affected sporulation of P. hemerocallidis and P. pelargoniizonalis. Complete suppression of sporulation was not observed for either fungus with up to a 24 h exposure to fluorescent light. Light exposure negatively affected disease development by P. hemerocallidis and P. pelargoniizonalis. Exposure to high light intensities may affect spread of rust diseases on ornamental plants.     

Microclonal propagation and some regularities of morphogenesis of daylily and hosta in vitro

Technology of express propagation of daylilies and hosta species in vitro is elaborated. The results of comparative morphologo-anatomical study of regeneration in florets explants of daylily and hosta species are described, with particular emphasis on their similarity and differences. The possibility of obtaining the regenerants via direct organogenesis is demonstrated. Morphogenesis in two daylily species is going in a similar way. The distinctive peculiarity of hosta morphogenesis in vitro is its high regeneration activity which due to the formation of several collateral buds in the axillar complex.     

Evaluation of genetic variation in the daylily (Hemerocallis spp.) using AFLP markers

The daylily (Hemerocallis spp.) is one of the most economically important ornamental plant species in commerce. Interestingly, it is also one of the most heavily bred crops during the past 60 years. Since the American Hemerocallis Society began acting as the official registry of daylily cultivars in 1947, more than 40 000 registrations have been processed. In order to determine the effects of intensive breeding on cultivar development, and to study relationships among different species, genetic variation in the daylily was estimated using AFLP markers. Nineteen primary genotypes (species and early cultivars) and 100 modern cultivars from different time periods were evaluated using 152 unambiguous bands (average 79% polymorphism rate) derived from three AFLP primer combinations. Overall, pairwise similarity estimates between entries ranged between 0.618 and 0.926 (average=0.800). When comparing cultivar groups from different time periods (1940–1998), genetic similarity was initially increased, compared to the primary diploid genotypes, remained constant from 1940 to 1980, and then steadily increased as breeding efforts intensified and hybridizers began focusing on a limited tetraploid germplasm pool derived by colchicine conversion. Among modern (1991–1998) daylily cultivars, genetic similarity has increased by approximately 10% compared to the primary genotypes. These data were also used to evaluate recent taxonomic classifications among daylily species which, with a few minor exceptions, were generally supported by the AFLP data. Received: 15 March 2000 / Accepted: 13 June 2000     

Development of leucine aminopeptidase activity during daylily flower growth and senescence

The possibility that exopeptidases, i.e. aminopeptidases and carboxypeptidases, in addition to the previously studied endopeptidase might also be developmentally regulated in daylily petals was examined. The level of leucine aminopeptidase and endopeptidase activities changed after the flower was fully open while that of carboxypeptidase activity remained relatively unchanged throughout senescence. Leucine aminopeptidase activity seemed to increase after the flower was fully open and peaked several hours earlier than endopeptidase did. Taken together, it is postulated that leucine aminopeptidase might play a role in protein turnover during flower opening and in the initiation of protein hydrolysis associated with petal senescence while the endopeptidase could be responsible for the breakdown of the bulk of proteins at the later stages. The drop in leucine aminopeptidase activity associated with the onset of daylily petal senescence was effectively halted by a cycloheximide treatment of cut daylily flowers for 24 h which was previously shown to prolong the vase life of the flowers and prevent protein loss from the petals. Apart from both being developmentally regulated in daylily petals, the leucine aminopeptidase activity and the previously studied endopeptidase are different in several aspects. They appear to have different pH optima, 8 for leucine aminopeptidase and 6.2 for endopeptidase. Unlike the endopeptidase activity, no new leucine aminopeptidase isozymes appeared during petal senescence, and the leucine aminopeptidase did not appear to belong to the cysteine class of proteolytic enzymes.     

Recovery of Totipotent Cells and Plantlet Production from Daylily Protoplasts

The release of protoplasts by means of enzymes from a totipotentcell suspension of a diploid daylily (Hemerocallis cv. ‘AutumnBlaze’), their collection and distribution in plasticculture vessels and their subsequent regeneration is described.Attention is given to aggregation and to the different formsof growth during the initial stages of culture. The methodsfor the subsequent multiplication of the regenerated cells intomorphogenetically competent compact clusters and the manipulationof these clusters to yield embryo-plantlets are also outlined.The implications of all this in terms of potential for the geneticmodification of daylily is discussed. Hemerocallis, cloning, protoplasts