中国西北地区萱草属花粉形态研究

本文借助光学显微镜和扫描电镜,对我国西北地区萱草属6种1变种的花粉形态进行了比较研究,不同的种类,其花粉形态或多或少有所不同,说明花粉形态在种间具有分类意义,而且6种、1变种可自然地分为两大类群,第一类群包括小黄花菜、北萱草、黄花菜,第二类群包括北黄花菜、折叶萱草、萱草、重瓣萱草。#br#北黄花菜、小黄花菜的花粉形态差别较大,证明把小黄花菜做为北黄花菜的变种是不妥当的。     

驯化栽培与加工 黄花菜野生引为家种及采集加工

黄花菜,又名金针花,有些地方称为萱草,是多年生宿根草本植物。它是黄花菜的花朵,经过蒸制加工成干菜食品。其含有多种维生素和糖分营,养价值很高,一向被誉为是干菜中的尚品。通常用作各种菜肴或面点的佐料,滋味清甜,且有特殊香味。我国民间常把黄花菜作为哺乳妇女的发奶特效药膳。黄花菜的根,含有冬门素、秋水仙碱和萱草根素等,具有清热、镇痛、利尿、消肿等作用;其叶和箭秆,还可作为引火燃料,几乎全身是宝。     

甘肃萱草属植物的核型研究

本文研究了甘肃萱草属6种、1变种的染色体核型;黄花菜K(2n)=22=12m+10sm(2SAT);小黄花菜K(2n)=22=10m+12sm;北萱草K(2n)=22=8m+14sm;北黄花菜K(2n)=22=14m+6sm+2st;萱草K(2n)=22=12m+8sm+2st;重瓣萱草K(2n)=33=18m+12sm+3st:折叶萱草K(2n)=22=10m+10sm+2st。以上核型可自然地分成两大类群,第一类群包括小黄花菜、北萱草、黄花菜;第二类群包括折叶萱草、萱草、重瓣萱草、北黄花菜。     

中国萱草属数量分类研究

用聚类分析和主成分分析研究了国产萱草属11个类群的分类。结果发现这些类群形成4簇。第一簇：北黄花菜、黄花菜、小黄花菜和多花萱草。第二簇：小萱草和大苞萱草。第三簇：折叶萱草,西南萱草和矮萱草。第四簇：萱草及其三倍体类型。各簇都有其区别特征。讨论了簇内各类群之间的亲缘关系及属下分组问题。     

国产萱草夜间开花类群的分类研究

在《中国植物志》第14卷中,萱草属Hemerocallis夜间开花类群被处理为3个独立的物种,北黄花菜、黄花菜和小黄花菜。但是,它们之间因严重的性状重叠和交叉,用单个性状如花数、花被管长度、根的直径等区分它们极为困难。本文根据国产干标本和栽培材料,对9个常用检索性状以及核型做了定量分析。另外,这3个类群的地理分布式样表明,它们似乎是不同的地理宗,因为三者替代性分布在由暖湿到旱冷的气候梯度中。本文结论是,将三者处理为同一物种北黄花菜的3个亚种也许更令人信服,即原亚种北黄花菜,亚种黄花菜和亚种小黄花菜。     

国产萱草属夜间开花类群的分类研究

在《中国植物志》第14卷中,萱草属Hemerocallis夜间开花类群被处理为3个独立的物种,北黄花菜、黄花菜和小黄花菜。但是,它们之间因严重的性状重叠和交叉,用单个性状如花数、花被管长度、根的直径等区分它们极为困难。本文根据国产干标本和栽培材料,对9个常用检索性状以及核型做了定量分析。另外,这3个类群的地理分布式样表明,它们似乎是不同的地理宗,因为三者替代性分布在由暖湿到旱冷的气候梯度中。本文结论是,将三者处理为同一物种北黄花菜的3个亚种也许更令人信服,即原亚种北黄花菜,亚种黄花菜和亚种小黄花菜。     

黄花菜

黄花菜是我们日常生活中一种很普通的蔬菜,但是它历史悠久,内涵丰寓……名称之谜提起黄花菜,人们总会联想到萱草,二者在现代植物学上的区别其实不大,最显著的不同在于花色,黄花菜的花为纯淡黄色,而萱草的花则为桔红或者桔黄色。黄花菜的花蕾可以入蔬,但萱草的花蕾却不能。可是在古人那里,二者常被混为一谈。据《本草纲     

33个黄花菜品种及3种野生黄花菜的过氧化物酶同工酶分析

１９８４－１９８７年先后全国１６个省区收集了３３个黄花菜（ＨｅｍｅｒｏｃａｌｌｉｓｃｉｔｒｉｎａＢａｒａｎｉ）品种和３个野生黄花菜品种。８７－９４年连续７年观察了各品种的主要形态特征,农艺性状。利用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳技术分析比较了各品种的过氧化物酶同工酶谱。结果表明,凡形态上差异较大者,过氧化物酶谱同工酶谱差异也大;形态上无明显差异者,过氧化物酶同工酶谱也基本相同,表现了很强的对应性。各地栽培的黄花菜中普遍存在着同物异名或同名异物现象。收集的３３个黄花菜品种整理归并为２５个不同的品种;１７号早黄花（野生）、１９号四月花（栽培）均为北萱草（Ｈｅｍｅｒｏｃａｌｌｉｓｅｓｃｕｌｅｎｔｓ）,１８号野黄花为折叶萱草（Ｈｅｍｅｒｏｃａｌｌｉｓｐｌｉｃａｔａ）。为研究黄花菜品种的亲缘起源关系及进行杂交育种工作提供了一些理论依据。     

北黄花菜的开花物候及传粉特性研究

北黄花菜是百合科萱草属的优秀观赏植物材料,也是进行品种创新的极有价值的野生种质资源。该研究对野生环境中北黄花菜的开花物候与传粉特性进行了连续三年的追踪观测,探讨其开花进程和传粉机制。结果表明:(1)北黄花菜种群的开花物候只有1个高峰期; 种群始花时间为5月末,盛花期为6月中旬,开花时间在30 d以上,单株花期为6～12 d; 开花同步性指数(S_i)分别为0.36、0.27和0.21,种群内个体开花时间重叠程度较低。(2)北黄花菜的开花数量与坐果数呈显著正相关(P<0.05),坐果数与单株花期长度呈极显著正相关(P<0.01),单株花期长度与始花时间呈显著负相关(P<0.05),表明北黄花菜开花数量越多,其坐果数越高。(3)北黄花菜的访花昆虫分属于4目10科共10种; 各访花昆虫的访花时间和行为区别较大; 主要的传粉昆虫有4种,其活动范围大,活动特点与北黄花菜午后开放的规律相匹配,能保证传粉效果; 部分访花昆虫虽然活动范围小,但可以帮助植物进行自花授粉; 两类访花昆虫的共同作用,使得北黄花菜的自然结实得到较大保障。上述结果可为北黄花菜的引种栽培和资源创新发挥实际作用。     

北萱草与大苞萱草区分为不同物种的核型证据

在文献中,小萱草Hemerocallis dumortierii Morr、北萱草H．esculenta Koidz．和大苞萱草H．mid- dendorfii Trautv et Mey被认为属于同一生物学复合体,并被处理为同一物种的不同变种。本文比较分 析了北萱草及大苞萱草的核型。北萱草和大苞萱草的核型分别为:2n=2x=22=12m+8sm+2T和2n =2x=22=10m+6sm+4st+2T。两个类群的核型差异水平已超出种内变异水。另外,大苞萱草以其 具有宽大苞片包裹的类头状花序,并且产黑龙江和吉林东部,南达辽宁干山地区,但绝不分布到大陆40° N以南地区而显著不同于分布华中、华北的北萱草。根据核型、外部形态及地理分布资料的综合分析,北萱草与大苞萱草应区分为不同物种,而不是同一物种的不同变种;同时,在系统发育上大苞萱草比北萱草进化。     

黄花莱三个品种的细胞学研究

本文对黄花菜三个品种进行了细胞学研究。三个品种的染色体数目均为22,核型有所不同,核型公式分别为:线黄花2n=2x=22=12m+10sm;马连黄花2n=2x=22=10m+10sm+2st(SAT);小黄花2n=2x=22=6m+14sm+2st。核型均属2B型。线黄花与马连黄花的核型接近。细胞学研究说明,根据植物形态分类划分的黄花菜三个品种是确切的。     

Taxonomic Studies on the Nocturnal Flowering Group of Hemerocallis (Liliaceae) from China

The nocturnal-flowering group of Hemerocallis was treated as including three separate species, H．lilioasphodelus,H.citrina and H．minor in the Florae Reipublicae Popularis Sinicae Vol．14(1980)．However it is difficult to distinguish them from one another by a single feature,such as the flower number,length of perianth tube,diameter of tuberous roots,for they are strongly overlapping．In the present paper,numerical analysis was made of nine morphological characters and karyotype divergences which are of taxonomic significance as shown in the study of H． fulva and its two varieties (Xiong and Chen,1992),based on dry and living materials from China．In addition,geographical distribution pattern of the three taxa studied shows that they seem to be different geographical races or allopatric ecotypes in a topocline,since they inhabit a climate gradient from warm and moist to cold and drought condition．As a result,the present authors tend to consider it more reasonable to treat them as a single species,H．lilioasphodelus,with three subspecies,that is, H．lilioasphodelus ssp．lilioasphodelus,H．lilioasphodelus ssp． citrina (stat．nov) and H．lilioasphodelus ssp．minor(stat．nov．)     

金针菜和萱草花药育性与透性的关系

对育性高低不同的三个金针菜品种即高葶黄花、马莲黄花、沙苑金针和与金针菜同属的萱草的花药进行了花粉活力检测。通过电导法、紫外吸收法测定了花药的透性。结果表明,金针菜的育性高低与花粉生活力大小成正相关,与花药透性也成正相关。     

The Separation and Structure of a New Anthraquinone from the Roots of Hemerocallis citrina Baroni(Liliaceae)

A new anthraquinone, hemerocal (V) along with other four anthraquinones (chryso- phanol, 2-methoxy-obtusifolin, obtusifolin and aloe-emodin) have been isolated from the ethanol extract of the roots of Hemerocallis citrina Baroni. The structure of hemerocal, as 2, 8-dihydroxy-l-methoxy-3-hydroxymethyl-9, 10-anthraquinone, has been established on the basis of spectral evidences, as well as confirmed by chemical reactions. We have in addition studied the 13C NMR of hemerocal and primary assignments of all carbons have been made by utilising the data documented for related compounds.     

Ti质粒基因在单子叶植物石蒜和金针菜中的表达

本文报道了用胭脂碱型致瘤农杆菌感染单子叶植物石蒜和金针菜的实验结果。石蒜和金针菜的花茎幼嫩部位被致瘤农杆菌A_(208)感染后,一个月内形成小瘤。纸电泳结果表明,所有瘤组织都含有胭脂碱,证明石蒜和金针菜的细胞可被转化并表达nos基因;本文讨论了致瘤农杆菌转化单子叶植物的范围和筛选方法。     

Numerical Cytotaxonomic Studies of Hemerocallis (Liliaceae) from China

Comparative studies of karyotypes in Hemerocallis from China have been carried out using numerical techniques. Taxa studied are as follows: Hemerocallis citrina, H. dumortieri , H. esculenta , H. forrestii , di- and triploid H. fulva , H. lilioasphodelus , H. middendorffii, H. minor, H. multiflora and H. plicata. The results show that variation in speciation has taken place at chromosomal level, and that karyotype variations have largely paralleled the morphological ones. Taxonomic proposals are given to treat H. citrina and H. minor as subspecies of H. lilioasphodelus, and H. esculenta as a variety of H. dumortieri. The results are not in favour of considering H. middendorffii as a variety ofH. dumortieri, and H. multiflora closely related to H. plicata.     

对苞萱草的核型研究

本文报道用光学显微镜观察对苞萱草Ｈｅｍｅｒｏｃａｌｉｓｆｕｌｖａ（Ｌ．）Ｌ．ｖａｒ．ｏｐ ｐｏｓｉｔｉｂｒａｃｔｅａｔａＨ．ＫｏｎｇｅｔＣ．Ｊ．Ｗａｎｇ,ｖａｒ．ｎｏｖ．的染色体,按全国第一次植物染色体学术讨论会建议的标准进行核型分析。研究结果表明,对苞萱草体细胞染色体数目２ｎ＝２２,核型公式ｋ（２ｎ）＝２２＝１２ｍ＋６ｓｍ＋４ｓｔ,属于Ｓｔｅｂｂｉｎｓ核型的２Ｂ型。甘肃萱草属植物的核型可分为两大类群,对苞萱草的核型属于第二类群。对苞萱草与萱草Ｈ．ｆｕｌｖａ（Ｌ．）Ｌ．的核型较接近,为新变种的确立提供了细胞学方面的依据。     

Immunoblots of Integrin-like Proteins in Pollen Tube Membrane of Hemerocallis citrina

Antiserum against human VnR integrin, and ay, β3 integrin subunit cytoplasmic domain in Western blots were applied to determine if integrin-like proteins be present in the pollen tube membrane of Hemerocallis citrina Baroni. The results showed that anti-β3 integrin subunit serum could recognize 140 kD and 97 kD bands in SDS-PAGE gels under the reducing conditions, while antiserum against VnR and ay integrin could recognize 160 kD and 155 kD bands respectively under the reducing conditions, and also two small bands of higher molecular weight under the non-reducing conditions. Non-immune semm control could not cross react with any protein bands. The present study suggest that the integTin-like protein, the receptor of vitronecttn could exist in the form of av and β3 subunits in the pollen tube membrane, with its molecular mass quite similar to that of the integrin reported in animal.