改造大肠杆菌卟啉代谢途径对重组过氧化物酶活性的影响

【目的】原核表达某些需辅因子的外源蛋白时往往酶活偏低,为提高酶活和减少外加辅因子的成本,我们尝试在大肠杆菌中表达外源过氧化氢-过氧化物酶的同时提高大肠杆菌中与该酶辅因子相关的合成代谢。【方法】本研究克隆了中度嗜盐菌Halomonas elongata DSM2581的过氧化氢-过氧化物酶CAT-POD(catalase-peroxidase)编码基因kat G的ORF,构建原核表达载体p ET28a-kat G,实现了CAT-POD在大肠杆菌中的重组表达。由于CAT-POD活性依赖其活性中心血红素,而血卟啉是血红素的骨架,通过构建原核表达载体p UC19-tac-hem A,将编码5-氨基乙酰丙酸合成酶的hem A基因在大肠杆菌中过量表达,提高卟啉的含量,从而提高重组蛋白CAT-POD的酶活。【结果】最终的CAT酶活达到了377 U/m L,为对照组的7.5倍。【结论】本研究为工业生产高活性CAT-POD提供了有效的方案,也为体外重组表达含辅因子的蛋白提供可借鉴的思路。     

产碱假单胞菌脂肪酶的克隆表达及酶学性质研究

【目的】克隆产碱假单胞菌的脂肪酶基因,实现其在大肠杆菌中异源表达并进行酶学性质研究。【方法】通过基因文库构建和PCR,获得脂肪酶基因,并以pET30a(+)为表达载体、E.coli BL21(DE3)为宿主菌,在大肠杆菌中进行异源表达,表达产物经HisTrapTM亲和层析柱纯化后进行酶学性质研究。【结果】从产碱假单胞菌中克隆得到一个脂肪酶基因,大小为1 575 bp(GenBank登录号为JN674069)。该酶分子量为55 kD,最适底物为p-NPO,最适反应温度和pH分别为35°C、pH 9.0。重组酶经1 mmol/L的Cu2+处理30 min可使酶活提高至156%。在最适反应条件下重组酶的比活力为275 U/mg,Km和Vmax分别为80μmol/L和290 mmol/(min.g protein)。【结论】产碱假单胞菌脂肪酶基因的克隆与表达不仅积累了脂肪酶基因的资源,并为其在手性拆分中的应用奠定基础。     

不吸水链霉菌ZB01 cyp107z基因的克隆及原核表达纯化

【目的】克隆不吸水链霉菌ZB01中的cyp107z基因,在E.coli中异源表达纯化,测定重组酶蛋白的酶动力学参数,为该基因的进一步研究奠定基础。【方法】根据cyp基因保守区序列设计引物,扩增不吸水链霉菌ZB01基因组中cyp107z基因的部分序列,通过染色体步移技术获取全长基因。利用pET28a表达载体构建该基因原核表达载体并于E.coli中诱导表达,以Ni-NTA亲和层析纯化表达出的重组蛋白。以阿维菌素为底物,构建重组蛋白体外催化体系,通过测定体系中NADPH的消耗,计算重组蛋白催化阿维菌素反应的酶动力学参数。【结果】从不吸水链霉菌ZB01基因组扩增出一条cyp107z基因同源基因,全长1290 bp,编码429个氨基酸残基,命名为cyp107z13,在E.coli中诱导表达了该重组酶蛋白,纯化后的重组酶蛋白催化阿维菌素的Km值为1.4μmol/L,Vmax为0.041μmol/min.mg,kcat为0.033 s-1。【结论】从不吸水链霉菌ZB01中克隆到cyp107z13基因,异源表达的CYP107Z13重组蛋白能够催化以阿维菌素为底物的氧化反应。     

基因重组大肠杆菌表达血红素加氧酶-1及培养条件优化

【背景】血红素加氧酶-1 (HO-1)具有抗氧化应激、抗凋亡和抗纤维化等多种生理效应,有望成为一种新型药物应用于临床疾病的治疗。【目的】构建表达HO-1的基因重组大肠杆菌(Escherichiacoli),并优化其表达培养条件,实现HO-1高产率的表达。【方法】PCR法克隆集胞藻(Synechocystissp.)PCC6803的HO-1基因(ho1),构建重组质粒pET-28a-ho1,转化大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)菌株,单因素实验优化表达培养基的种类、诱导剂添加时间、诱导培养时间、诱导剂浓度和诱导培养温度。【结果】构建了表达HO-1的基因重组大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)/pET-28a-ho1菌株,用甘油(GY)培养基培养至菌体浓度OD_(600)约为0.8时,加入终浓度为0.1 mmol/L的IPTG诱导,30°C诱导培养6 h,HO-1的表达量最高,Ni-NTA柱分离纯化得到的HO-1收率占细胞总蛋白的10.9%。【结论】获得了可溶性表达HO-1的基因重组大肠杆菌及其较佳的培养条件,为进一步研究集胞藻来源的HO-1的酶学性质和应用奠定了基础。     

Proteus sp.脂肪酶基因在大肠杆菌中表达及性质研究

目的:筛选获得高活力的微生物脂肪酶,实现其异源高效表达。方法:通过富集培养、平板筛选、单菌落发酵验证以获得产脂肪酶菌株,克隆脂肪酶基因,构建重组质粒在大肠杆菌中表达,纯化后进行酶学性质研究。结果:获得一株高产脂肪酶的菌株,经16S rDNA鉴定属于Proteus sp。根据已报道的来源于Proteus vulgaris的脂肪酶基因设计引物,克隆其全长基因,大小为864 bp,编码287个氨基酸。构建重组表达质粒pET32a-lipK19,在大肠杆菌中表达酶活达1 500 U/mL。该脂肪酶的最适温度为40℃,最适pH为9,在pH 8~10之间稳定性较好,Ca2+对酶有激活作用,表面活性剂等对酶抑制作用明显,对有机溶剂有一定的耐受性。结论:克隆表达了一Proteus sp脂肪酶,并对其性质进行了研究,为其应用奠定基础。     

破囊壶菌脂肪酶基因的克隆、双温控自诱导表达及酶学性质研究

【目的】克隆破囊壶菌Aurantiochytrium sp.PKU#SW7的脂肪酶基因,实现其在大肠杆菌细胞中异源高效表达,并进行初步酶学性质研究。【方法】基于转录组数据注释,获得脂肪酶基因lip,构建重组基因工程菌Rosetta(DE3)/p ET30-lip,利用双温控自诱导方法高效表达蛋白,表达产物(LIP)经Ni-Agarose His亲和层析柱纯化后进行酶学性质研究。【结果】从Aurantiochytrium sp.PKU#SW7中克隆得到一个大小为873 bp的脂肪酶基因(Gen Bank登录号为KT305964),该酶对p-NPB最适反应温度和pH分别为40°C和8.0。以不同浓度的金属离子Ca~(2+)和Co~(2+)溶液分别保温处理酶液30 min可使酶活提高1.3倍左右;甲醇对脂肪酶的抑制作用不明显。在最适反应条件下对p-NPP与p-NPB的酶活力分别为70.0±3.1 U/mg和102.5±2.6 U/mg。【结论】Aurantiochytrium sp.PKU#SW7脂肪酶具有良好的特性,符合生物柴油生物催化剂基本要求。     

疏棉状嗜热丝孢菌脂肪酶基因在毕赤酵母工程菌中的遗传稳定性

【背景】重组工程菌的传代稳定性是保证外源蛋白高效稳定表达的前提,是决定工业化生产能力的关键因素之一。【目的】对异源的疏棉状嗜热丝孢菌脂肪酶基因在毕赤酵母重组工程菌中的遗传稳定性进行研究。【方法】将工程菌连续传代15次,取第1、5、10、15代作为受检代次,结合重组菌的菌落及菌体形态、水解酶活、目的基因片段、外源基因拷贝数等指标综合评价其遗传稳定性。【结果】传代过程中重组菌的菌落和菌体形态、目的蛋白分子量、目的基因序列均保持一致。目的基因的整合拷贝数经5次传代后发生一定损失,但随后稳定为7左右,而脂肪酶的相对酶活则提高至90%以上。【结论】适量的整合拷贝数更有利于该脂肪酶基因在毕赤酵母重组菌中的表达,经综合评价此工程菌的遗传稳定性良好,应用于工业化大规模生产是可行的。     

高分子量腈水合酶在大肠杆菌中的表达策略及重组菌的细胞催化

【目的】实现红球菌Rhodococcus rhodochrous J1来源的高分子量腈水合酶H-NHase在Escherichia coli BL21(DE3)中过量表达,以提高菌体总酶活,缩短菌体发酵周期,提高生产效率。【方法】将H-NHase中编码α亚基的基因nhh A和调控基因nhh G上游的核糖体结合位点(Shine-Dalgarno sequence,SD)替换成翻译起始强度更高的异源SD,同时优化各亚基之间间隔序列的长度,并根据大肠杆菌密码子偏好性对目的基因进行优化。通过E.coli重组表达系统过表达优化后的腈水合酶基因。采用离子交换层析对H-NHase进行纯化,并通过凝胶过滤层析确定重组酶的相对分子量。优化了全细胞催化条件,并建立底物恒速流加的细胞催化工艺,模拟了烟酰胺的生产工艺。【结果】H-NHase在E.coli中实现了过量表达。重组蛋白粗酶液的活性为85.5±4.3 U/mg,纯酶比活为234.0±11.7 U/mg,H-NHase相对分子质量为504.5±9.8 k D。细胞催化最适p H为7.5,最适温度为25°C,底物浓度为400 mmol/L。在此条件下,重组菌细胞酶活为256.0±10.4 U/m L,流加工艺最终的产物转化率可达99.9%。【结论】重组H-NHase大肠杆菌细胞生长迅速,发酵周期短,应用此重组菌进行细胞催化可以提高酰胺类物质的生产效率,具有潜在的工业价值。     

黑曲霉脂肪酶：基因克隆、表达及体外复性

根据黑曲霉F044脂肪酶N-端氨基酸序列,运用生物信息学方法,找到与黑曲霉脂肪酶基因同源的候选基因A84689。根据该基因序列,设计引物直接PCR扩增得到黑曲霉脂肪酶全长基因anl。anl全长1044bp,含3个内含子,编码297个氨基酸(含信号肽27个氨基酸),与其它脂肪酶基因没有明显同源性。将编码成熟脂肪酶的anl连接到pET28a载体上得到重组表达质粒,转化大肠杆菌BL21(De3),诱导表达并纯化出目的蛋白。通过大量稀释和DEAESepharoseFastFlow层析相结合的方法,变性后的纯化蛋白在体外实现再折叠复性。     

细菌麦芽糖淀粉酶在枯草芽孢杆菌中的诱导型异源表达

【目的】实现地衣芽孢杆菌麦芽糖淀粉酶在枯草芽孢杆菌中的高效异源表达,并研究该重组酶的酶学性质。【方法】克隆巨大芽孢杆菌木糖异构酶基因的启动子区域及其调控蛋白,构建一个大肠杆菌/芽孢杆菌穿梭型诱导表达质粒,使用该诱导型启动子介导麦芽糖淀粉酶编码基因,实现其在枯草芽孢杆菌中的功能表达。对重组枯草芽孢杆菌的诱导条件进行优化,提高麦芽糖淀粉酶的产量。【结果】获得了诱导表达麦芽糖淀粉酶基因的重组枯草芽孢杆菌菌株。最适诱导温度为45°C,最适诱导剂添加浓度为1%,最适添加诱导剂时间为接种培养9 h后。重组酶蛋白分子量大小为67 k D,对该酶的酶学性质研究发现,以可溶性淀粉为底物,反应生成麦芽糖和葡萄糖,其中麦芽糖含量为60.42%。重组酶最适作用温度为45°C,最适作用p H为6.5,Ca2+、Co2+、EDTA对该重组麦芽糖淀粉酶具有激活作用。【结论】通过木糖诱导表达系统可以实现麦芽糖淀粉酶在枯草芽孢杆菌中的高效诱导型表达,酶活最高可达296.64 U/m L发酵液,在工业上有着较好的应用前景。     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

鸡传染性法氏囊病病毒研究进展

传染性法氏囊病(Infection bursal disease, IBD)是由鸡传染性法氏囊病毒(Infectious bursal disease virus, IBDV)引起的鸡和火鸡的一种高度接触性传染病,给世界各国的禽养殖业带来了巨大损失.自IBDV发现至今新的变异株不断出现,分子结构的改变导致病毒致病力的改变及宿主对疫苗应答的改变,使得传统的疫苗已不能控制其流行,因此各国学者对其基因组结构和功能进行了广泛深入的研究,并积极研制新型有效的疫苗以达到防治的目的.     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).     

Enterovirus 71 3C proteolytically processes the histone H3 N-terminal tail during infection

Highlights
1. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 is specifically cleaved during EV71 infection.
2. Viral protease 3C is identified as a protease responsible for proteolytically processing the N-terminal H3 tail.
3. Our finding reveals a new epigenetic regulatory mechanism for Enterovirus 71 in virus-host interactions.