乳杆菌DM9811代谢产物对固定正畸治疗患者口腔内主要致龋菌的影响

目的从维护口腔内菌群平衡的角度出发,观察乳杆菌DM9811代谢产物对固定正畸治疗患者口腔内主要致龋菌的影响及其临床效果,探索一种适用于固定正畸治疗患者,无副作用,效果好的新型微生态防龋药物。方法将20例接受固定正畸治疗的无龋病病例随机分为试验组和对照组,每组各10例。试验组给予乳杆菌代谢产物含漱液;对照组给予纯净水。2组病例分别与含漱前,含漱20、40和60 d进行改良菌斑指数(MPLI)、唾液pH的检测和口腔微生物学检查。以对照组为标准观察固定正畸治疗患者口腔内主要致龋菌数量的变化趋势和乳杆菌代谢产物含漱液对MPLI和唾液pH的影响。结果(1)乳杆菌DM9811代谢产物使固定正畸治疗患者的MPLI指数降低、唾液pH升高。(2)乳杆菌DM9811代谢产物使固定正畸治疗患者口腔内主要致龋菌数量下降。结论乳杆菌DM9811代谢产物对固定正畸治疗患者MPLI和唾液pH具有改善作用;对变形链球菌、乳杆菌有明显的杀菌抑菌作用,并对维持正畸治疗患者口腔内菌群平衡有重要作用。     

口腔乳酸杆菌的分离及其益生特性

[目的]从口腔环境中筛选具有潜在益生特性的乳酸杆菌,用于防治口腔疾病的益生菌疗法.[方法]利用选择性培养基从健康志愿者的唾液和牙菌斑样品中筛选得到乳酸杆菌,然后验证他们对龋齿致病菌变异链球菌生长的抑制作用.同时考察分离得到的微生物是否具有可以定植或在口腔环境中生存的特性.[结果]本研究从牙菌斑样品中分离得到一株发酵乳杆菌Y29.该菌能够抑制变异链球菌的生长,并有自聚集和与其他口腔微生物共聚集形成生物膜的能力.此外,发酵乳杆菌Y29可耐受1.0 mg/mL溶菌酶和140μg/g过氧化氢,有利于其在可能含有多种抑菌物质的口腔动态环境中生存.[结论]发酵乳杆菌Y29在防治龋齿和保证口腔健康方面具有潜在的益生特性.     

一株分离自口腔的鼠李糖乳杆菌及其特性

目的分离筛选出在维护口腔微生态平衡方面具有潜在益生特性的乳杆菌菌株。方法从健康志愿者的口腔样本中分离乳杆菌,采用生理生化和16S rDNA分子测序进行菌株鉴定,并检测其抑菌能力、凝集能力、表面疏水性以及对溶菌酶耐受性。结果筛选出1株鼠李糖乳杆菌LR863,对变形链球菌、戈登链球菌、牙龈卟啉单胞菌、具核梭杆菌和伴放线放线杆菌具有抑菌作用,经蛋白酶处理后其抑菌活性降低。同时鼠李糖乳杆菌LR863有较强的自凝集能力并对上述5株指示菌有共凝集效果,对二甲苯、氯仿和乙酸乙酯的疏水率依次为76.91%、87.46%和41.88%,能耐受2.0 mg/mL浓度的溶菌酶。结论鼠李糖乳杆菌LR863具有优良生物学特性,可作为口腔保健产品的候选益生菌株。     

新疆传统发酵乳品中益生菌的益生特性

目的以新疆传统发酵乳品中分离得到的14种发酵菌为研究对象,评价14种益生菌自聚集性能、表面疏水性、粘附性等益生特性;评价其抗生素耐药性的安全性能,并筛选对α-葡萄糖苷酶有一定抑制功能的益生菌。方法首先对14种发酵菌α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制率进行检测,然后检测14种发酵菌自聚集性能、表面疏水性和对Caco-2细胞的粘附率,最后进行耐药性试验。结果 14种发酵菌株均有良好的自聚集性能,哈尔滨乳杆菌自聚集性能最好(87.60%±0.16%);14种益生菌对乙酸乙酯有较高的表面疏水性,但对不同有机溶剂疏水性存在差异;乳酸菌中希氏乳杆菌对Caco-2细胞的粘附率最高(8.78%±0.65%)。酵母中乙醇假丝酵母对Caco-2细胞的粘附率最高(2.35%±0.04%)。14种发酵菌对Caco-2细胞的粘附性均大于1%;马乳酒样乳杆菌的α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制率最高(14.55%±0.74%),且除了瑞士乳杆菌(1.87%±0.09%),其他菌株抑制率都达到5%以上。戊糖乳杆菌和高加索乳杆菌对大多数抗生素表现出较高的敏感性,4种酵母对氟胞嘧啶和酮康唑均敏感。结论 10种乳酸菌和4种酵母都具有良好的益生特性,且未见对抗生素、抗真菌药物发生耐药。     

肝硬化患者与健康人群唾液菌群的对比分析

目的 分析肝硬化患者（LC组）与健康人群（N组）唾液菌群丰度及多样性的差异，为后续研究提供参考。方法 收集45例肝硬化患者和44例健康人群唾液样本，应用高通量测序技术进行测序分析，对有效序列进行物种注释及多样性分析。结果 共获得7 729 352条有效序列，平均每个样本获得有效序列86 847条。两组人群唾液样本内菌群丰度及多样性差异无统计学意义（均P>0.05）；而唾液菌群结构差异有统计学意义（F=20.13,P<0.01）。肝硬化患者口腔中厚壁菌门（Firmicutes）、拟杆菌门（Bacteroidota）、梭杆菌门（Fusobacteriota）相对丰度较高，而在健康人群口腔中变形菌门（Proteobacteria）相对丰度较高（均P<0.05）。结论 肝硬化患者与健康人群唾液菌群结构有差异，肝硬化患者相较于健康人群可能更易患龋病、牙周炎。重视口腔健康，防治口腔菌群失调对肝硬化的治疗具有重要意义。     

植物乳杆菌粘附性与其表面特征关系的探究

本文通过16s rDNA鉴定获得4株植物乳杆菌,并以HT29细胞为体外黏附筛选模型,进一步探讨了这些菌株粘附能力与表面疏水性、自聚共聚能力等表型特征的相关性。结果表明,植物乳杆菌AR326菌株对HT29细胞的粘附性最强,并显示高度的自聚性(25%)和共聚性(25%),但其表面疏水性偏低(15%);通过相关性分析发现,植物乳杆菌的自聚性和共聚性与HT29细胞粘附性呈显著相关性(r=1.0和0.8,p0.05),但表面疏水性、自凝聚性和共聚性两两之间并无显著相关性(p0.05)。本研究结果为建立快速筛选高粘附性植物乳杆菌的方法及其菌株在体内定植和分布研究提供一定参考依据。     

健康老年人肠道双歧杆菌和乳杆菌种群多样性分析

从31个60岁以上的符合中华医学会老年医学分会健康老年人标准的健康老人中随机选取4例作为研究对象,使用分子生物学方法,对他们的肠道双歧杆菌和乳杆菌种群多样性进行分析.研究结果表明,健康老人肠道中双歧杆菌的优势种群为长双歧杆菌（Bifi∥dobacterium longum）和假小链双歧杆菌（Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum）,分别占双歧杆菌种群的55%和45%;而肠道乳杆菌则有唾液乳杆菌（Lactobacillus salivarius）50%、Lactobacillus mocosae 31.1%、口腔乳杆菌（Lactobacillus oris）6.3%、鼠李糖乳杆菌（Lactobacillus rhamnosus）6.3%和瑞士乳杆菌（Lactobacillus helveticus）6.3%,其中唾液乳杆菌、Lactobacillus mocosae为健康老人肠道优势乳杆菌种群.     

女性阴道中产细菌素的乳杆菌筛选与鉴定

目的对从60例健康女性阴道中筛选出产生细菌素的优势乳杆菌进行鉴定,并为研制开发微生态制剂提供优良可靠菌种。方法利用牛津杯法筛选出19株乳杆菌,其菌株发酵乳酸量高并且产生细菌素。对19株乳杆菌进行了多项理化鉴定。结果19株乳杆菌分别为：格氏乳杆菌9株,唾液乳杆菌1株,卷曲乳杆菌9株。结论筛选的19株乳杆菌是健康女性阴道中的优势有益菌,具有较强的产酸能力,都产生细菌素,其中16株产生过氧化氢,某些菌株具有较高的生产应用价值。     

唾液乳杆菌ZDY159a抑菌机制的研究

目的对唾液乳杆菌(Lactobacillus salivarius)ZDY159a的产酸能力和体外抑菌影响因素进行初步研究。方法采用共培养法和牛津杯法,以大肠埃希菌(Escherichia coli O157:H7)NCTC 12900和金黄色葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus aureus)CMCC 26003作为指示菌。结果唾液乳杆菌ZDY159a发酵产生的乳酸和乙酸均具有较强抑菌活性;发酵全液的抑菌活性强于发酵上清液;低p H与发酵上清液的抑菌活性呈正相关;蛋白酶和过氧化氢酶处理可降低发酵上清液的抑菌活性。结论唾液乳杆菌ZDY159a的抑菌活性与发酵过程中产生的有机酸、细菌素(蛋白或多肽类物质)和过氧化氢有关,且菌体可提高发酵上清液的抑菌活性。     

唾液乳杆菌的研究进展

唾液乳杆菌属于乳杆菌科、乳杆菌属,广泛地存在于人和动物的肠道。近年来,唾液乳杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物益生菌制剂的生产。在分析与唾液乳杆菌相关的文献和生物信息数据的基础上,就唾液乳杆菌的生物学特征、作用机制、应用及发展前景进行了简要综述,为唾液乳杆菌的研究提供参考。     

Lactobacilli Isolation from Dental Plaque and Saliva of a Group of Patients with Caries and Characterization of their Surface Properties

The oral cavity is a complex ecosystem colonized by micro-organisms which play different roles. The aims of this study were to identify Lactobacillus strains from the teeth and saliva of children lacking in dental care and to study the surface characteristics related to the adhesion capability of these micro-organisms. The population considered is from Tucumán, Argentina. It is characterized by a dmfs index over 5 and an absence of dental care. Lactobacilli were isolated and identified by microscopic observations, biochemical tests and modified API CH 50. Bacterial surface studies included: hydrophobicity, acid and basic characteristics, blood cell agglutination and salt aggregation. Thirty strains were isolated. The major group was facultative heterofermentative. The surface characteristic studies did not indicate that lactobacilli are hydrophobic, neither do they show high basic nor acid charges. Lactobacilli isolated from saliva auto-agglutinated and also agglutinated ABO red blood cells. Salt aggregation was not a characteristic property. In this preliminary work, lactobacilli from teeth and saliva from this specific population were not demonstrated to have relevant adhesion properties.     

Correlation between the cariogenic response in biofilms generated from saliva of mother/child pairs

This study aimed to correlate the cariogenic responsiveness of biofilms generated from the saliva of mothers and children. The mother–child pairs were classified according to the children’s caries levels: caries-free, early childhood caries (ECC) or severe ECC. Microcosm biofilms were grown on enamel discs for 10?days. Factors under evaluation were caries experience levels, inoculum source (mothers and children) and growth conditions including cariogenic challenge (growth medium provided with and without sucrose) and no cariogenic challenge (growth medium sucrose-free). Statistical analysis was performed with ANOVA and Tukey’s test, and the Spearman correlation test. Regular sucrose exposure resulted in a higher surface hardness change (%SHC). The correlation between biofilms formed from saliva of mother–child pairs was significant regarding pH, total aciduric microorganisms and lactobacilli counts under cariogenic challenge. Biofilm growth originating from mother–child pairs under regular sucrose exposure promoted the same cariogenic response independently of caries experience and the microbiological profile of the donors.     

Antibacterial protection and the microbiological status of the oral cavity in Sj?gren's disease

The microflora of the oral cavity was studied with a view to the evaluation of the microbiological status and the content of lysozyme in mixed saliva samples from 14 patients with Sj?gren's syndrome and the control group of 19 persons. Disturbances in the biocenosis of the oral cavity of the patients, characterized by the increased occurrence of rod-shaped forms of lactobacilli, yeast-like fungi of the genus Candida and cariogenic streptococci (S. mutans) in the cultures obtained by the inoculation of oral smears, was detected. This "cariogenic situation" was confirmed by clinical data on the stomatological status. In patients with Sj?gren's syndrome the intensity of caries, determined by the ratio of carious, filled and extracted teeth, was high and reached 27.4 +/- 1.0 in comparison with 15.3 +/- 0.7 in the control group (P less than 0.05). A decrease in the level of mixed saliva secretion and in the content of lysozyme in secreted saliva was noted in the patients in comparison with the control group (P less than 0.05). The results thus obtained indicate that in Sj?gren's syndrome the use of the preparations of eubiotic microorganisms with a view to the correction of the microflora of the oral cavity, as well as the application of 0.1% lysozyme solution to the mucous membrane of the oral cavity, may be recommended among other therapeutic measures.     

Bacterial diversity in the human saliva from different ages

To obtain primary idea on oral bacterium species that are generally present in periodotally healthy Koreans, the oral bacterial flora in the saliva of four periodontally healthy Koreans at different ages (5, 32, 35, 65) was investigated in this study. For this investigation, 16SrRNA gene clone libraries were generated from the saliva of the four healthy Koreans, and 50 clones were randomly selected from each saliva clone library and sequenced. Totally, 37 different kinds of bacterial 16S rRNA gene sequences were identified based on sequence homology search through GenBank database. The 37 kinds of saliva clone sequences were classified to 14 genera and 2 uncultured and 1 unidentified bacteria. Among the 14 identified genera, Streptococcus, Prevotella, and Veillonella were common genera, and Streptococcus was dominant genus that accounted for 7 different species. Among the seven Streptococcus species, S. salivarius appeared as the most common species. More numbers of species belonging to the genera Streptococcus and Prevotella was present in saliva from ages 32 and 35. While saliva from ages 5 and 65 showed more numbers of species belonging to the genera Rothia, including potential pathogenic species. Overall, saliva of a young child and a senior showed higher bacterial diversity than that of young adults.     

Human parotid and submandibular glands express and secrete surfactant proteins A,B, C and D

The oral cavity and the salivary glands are open to the oral environment and are thus exposed to multiple microbiological, chemical and mechanical influences. The existence of an efficient defense system is essential to ensure healthy and physiological function of the oral cavity. Surfactant proteins play an important role in innate immunity and surface stability of fluids. This study aimed to evaluate the expression and presence of surfactant proteins (SP) A, B, C, and D in human salivary glands and saliva. The expression of mRNA for SP-A, -B, -C and -D was analyzed by RT-PCR in healthy parotid and submandibular glands. Deposition of all surfactant proteins was determined with monoclonal antibodies by means of Western blot analysis and immunohistochemistry in healthy tissues and saliva of volunteers. Our results show that all four surfactant proteins SP-A, SP-B, SP-C and SP-D are peptides of saliva and salivary glands. Based on the known direct and indirect antimicrobial effects of collectins, the surfactant-associated proteins A and D appear to be involved in immune defense inside the oral cavity. Furthermore, by lowering surface tension between saliva and the epithelial lining of excretory ducts, SP-B and SP-C may assist in drainage and outflow into the oral cavity. Further functions such as pellicle formation on teeth have yet to be determined.     

Exploring bacterial flora in oral squamous cell carcinoma: a microbiological study

The oral cavity contains a unique and diverse micro?ora. While most of these organisms exhibit commensalism, shifts in bacterial community dynamics cause pathological changes within the oral cavity and at distant sites. We assessed the microbial flora using cultured saliva and oral swabs from subjects with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and healthy controls. Microbial samples were collected from the carcinoma site, contralateral healthy mucosa, and saliva of the study group and samples were collected from healthy mucosa and saliva of controls. Samples were stored on ice and transported to the laboratory for culture. The median number of colony forming units (CFU)/ml at carcinoma sites was significantly greater than at the contralateral healthy mucosa. Similarly,?in saliva of carcinoma subjects, the median number of CFU/ml was significantly greater than in saliva of control subjects.     

High Molecular Complexes of Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I in Human Saliva

Insulin-like growth factor-I is one of the most important growth factors involved in oral biology. It circulates in plasma in a form of complex with binding proteins—IGFBPs and acid labile subunit—ALS. It was decided to assess the content of IGF-I in human saliva in relation to other proteins, and the expression and content of its binding proteins and ALS of healthy people of different gender and age. Research material was mixed resting saliva obtained from 70 healthy volunteers, which were divided into seven groups, taking into account age and gender. For qualitative and quantitative evaluation of IGF-I complexes with IGFBP-5 and ALS there were used: western immunoblot and ELISA assay. It was shown that human saliva contained IGF-I mainly in the form of macromolecular complexes. Expression and content of IGFBP-5 and ALS were affected by gender and age.     

PCR指纹图谱技术分析人体口腔内微生物菌群结构

目的 应用PCR-DGGE指纹图谱技术对人体口腔微生物菌群结构进行系统性研究.方法 对1例健康人唾液周期性采集的样品和8例健康人个体的唾液与牙菌斑采集的样品,进行微生物群落总DNA的抽提.以此为模板扩增16S rRNA V3可变区,产物经DGGE指纹图谱分析其组成结构,并运用UVIBAND/MAP等软件比较所得群落指纹图谱的相似性指数.结果 同一健康人个体不同采样时间的唾液菌群结构相似性系数＞74%,通过对不同健康个体口腔样本的研究,发现同一个体的唾液与牙菌斑菌群结构存在差异（84%～95%）.结论 同一健康个体其唾液微生物菌群在一定时间内基本稳定,仅有微小的变化;唾液与同个体牙菌斑的微生物组成虽然存在差异,但这种差异要明显小于个体间的差异.     

Analysis of age and gender associated N-glycoproteome in human whole saliva

Background

Glycoproteins comprise a large portion of the salivary proteome and have great potential for biomarker discovery and disease diagnosis. However, the rate of production and the concentration of whole saliva change with age, gender and physiological states of the human body. Therefore, a thorough understanding of the salivary glycoproteome of healthy individuals of different ages and genders is a prerequisite for saliva to have clinical utility.

Methods

Formerly N-linked glycopeptides were isolated from the pooled whole saliva of six age and gender groups by hydrazide chemistry and hydrophilic affinity methods followed by mass spectrometry identification. Selected physiochemical characteristics of salivary glycoproteins were analyzed, and the salivary glycoproteomes of different age and gender groups were compared based on their glycoprotein components and gene ontology.

Results and discussion

Among 85 N-glycoproteins identified in healthy human saliva, the majority were acidic proteins with low molecular weight. The numbers of salivary N-glycoproteins increased with age. Fifteen salivary glycoproteins were identified as potential age- or gender-associated glycoproteins, and many of them have functions related to innate immunity against microorganisms and oral cavity protection. Moreover, many salivary glycoproteins have been previously reported as disease related glycoproteins. This study reveals the important role of salivary glycoproteins in the maintenance of oral health and homeostasis and the great potential of saliva for biomarker discovery and disease diagnosis.     

The correlation between the number of polymorphonuclear leukocytes in human oral cavity and the counts of some bacteria

The aim of the study was to evaluate the relationship between the number of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNL) and the number of selected bacteria in human oral cavity. Sixty one healthy people (periodontal index of Russel's did not exceed 0.2), aged 22-26 were investigated. PMNL were isolated by rinsing oral cavity with isotonic, buffered NaCl solution. Nonstimulated whole saliva was bacteriologically examined. The number of PMNL, which was obtained from mouth of examined people was between 100,000 and 4,200,000 in 100 mL of rinsings. Usually, i.e. in 34% of cases, the number was between 500,000-1,000,000. Streptococci were isolated from all tested people and their number was the biggest. Almost in all cases there were isolated cariogenic bacteria--Streptococcus mutans (95%) and lactobacilli (93%). Haemophili, staphylococci, including Staphylococcus aureus, were found relatively often (in 86%, 86% and 52% respectively). Gram-negative enteric rods were rarely isolated (33%) and were the least numerous group of all. It has been stated, that there is a comparatively strong negative correlation between the number of PMNL in oral cavity and the number of streptococci (r=-0.55; p<0.0001), haemophili (r=-0.564; p<0.0001), staphylococci (r=-0.538; p<0.0001), lactobacilli (r=-0.407; p=0.0017) and Streptococcus mutans (r=-0.483; p=0.0002). The results suggest that PMNL are one of the factors controlling the number of some bacteria in human oral cavity.