EDU免疫荧光法检测整合素连接激酶（ILK）高表达对新生大鼠心肌细胞DNA合成的影响

目的：通过EDU免疫荧光法观察整合素连接激酶（Integrin-Linked Kinase,mK）在新生大鼠心肌细胞内高表达后对心肌细胞DNA合成的影响。方法：取新生（1-3天内）大鼠原代心肌细胞,培养72小时后随机分为正常对照组、ILK转染组。对照组转染重组腺病毒载体（adeno-GFP）,ILK纽转染重组腺病毒载体＋ILK基因（adeno-ILK）。转然成功后48小时将两组心肌细胞分别通过5-乙基-2-脱氧尿嘧啶核苷（EDU）免疫荧光法测定心肌细胞DNA合成。结果：ILK转染组心肌细胞内DNA合成较对照组明显增加（P〈O．05）。结论：ILK高袁达具有促进新生大鼠心肌细胞的DNA合成的能力。     

含14-3-3蛋白抑制肽R18重组腺病毒制备及其在心肌细胞中的表达

目的:构建并鉴定含14-3-3蛋白抑制肽R18的重组腺病毒,为研究14-3-3蛋白的功能提供基础工具。方法:用同源重组方法构建含14-3-3蛋白抑制肽R18的复制缺陷型腺病毒载体(AdR18),并加以鉴定、扩增,以获得高滴度AdR18病毒液,体外感染乳大鼠心肌细胞,检测目的基因表达。结果:将构建的重组腺病毒载体AdR18感染乳大鼠心肌细胞并表达48h后,蛋白印迹结果显示AdR18感染组有明显R18的表达,对照组无表达。结论:腺病毒载体可高效率导入外源基因在心肌细胞中高表达。     

CREG活化ILK/VEGF促进内皮细胞血管新生

目的:探讨E1A激活基因阻遏子(Cellular repressor of E1A-stimulated gene,CREG)对血管内皮细胞血管新生的影响及其机制。方法:将重组腺病毒CREG载体(Ad-GFP-CREG)和腺病毒GFP载体(Ad-GFP)转染人血管内皮细胞株(vascularendothelialcell,VE),转染后细胞分别命名为ADCREG和ADGFP。内皮细胞基质胶血管形成实验观察其比较3组细胞血管发生情况。应用Western blotting测定细胞中CREG、整合素连接激酶(integrin-linked kinase,ILK)和血管内皮生长因子(vascular endothelial growthfactor,VEGF)的表达。应用ILK激酶活性突变的质粒转染和不同浓度的VEGF中和抗体转染VE后进行细胞血管形成能力检测。结果:体内基质胶血管形成实验显示,腺病毒介导的CREG过表达显著促进VE的血管形成能力,血管密度、数量和交叉点均较对照组ADGFP和VE显著增多(P<0.01)。同时,Westernblot分析证实CREG过表达显著增加了ILK与VEGF的表达;转染ILK激酶失活质粒导致ADCREG成血管能力显著减弱(P<0.001)。应用VEGF中和抗体干预后,ADCREG细胞的成血管能力也呈现剂量依赖性下降。并且ILK激酶活性受到抑制的ADCREG细胞中VEGF表达降低。结论:CREG基因过表达通过活化ILK/VEGF信号通路促进了内皮细胞血管新生。     

应用Ad Easy腺病毒载体系统构建人肌浆网钙离子ATP酶2a(SERCA2a)

目的:利用Ad easy腺病毒表达系统构建含人肌浆网钙离子ATP酶2a(SERCA2a)基因重组腺病毒,并在HEK293细胞中扩增制备重组腺病毒.方法:将人SERCA2a基因全长c DNA(3700bp)插入到腺病毒穿梭载体pAdTrack-CMV,成功构建pAd-TrackCMV SERCA2a重组质粒,经Pme I酶切线性化,采用电击法转入到已含Ad easy质粒的电感受态菌BJ5183进行重组.挑选同源重组质粒,Pac I酶切线性化转染HEK293细胞包装成重组腺病毒颗粒,荧光检测有绿色荧光蛋白表达.将重组病毒和SD大鼠心肌细胞共培养,western-blot检测SERCA2a可以在大鼠心肌细胞过表达且影响了胞内SERCA2a的活性.结果:成功包装含人SERCA2a基因的重组腺病毒,并可以有效感染SD大鼠心肌细胞.结论:利用新型腺病毒载体在短时间内成功构建了携带有人SERCA2a基因的腺病毒,为以后进一步研究人SERCA2a基因治疗提供了新途径.     

Tbx18 能使兔脂肪干细胞向心肌样细胞分化

目的:研究Tbx18是否能成功转染脂肪干细胞并使脂肪干细胞向心肌细胞分化。方法:分离培养来源于日本大耳兔腹股沟部脂肪的兔脂肪干细胞,用搭载有Tbx18的腺病毒载体转染脂肪干细胞,诱导分化后检测向心肌细胞的分化情况,同时将转染了含GFP的腺病毒组与未转染组作为对照。采用用流式细胞仪检测转染效率,采用免疫荧光法检测平滑肌肌动蛋白α-SMA,采用实时定量PCR法检测兔肌钙蛋白TNNT2的表达。结果:转染后荧光显微镜下可观察到荧光表达,且持续时间较长。流式细胞仪检测转染效率为70%左右;诱导分化后,脂肪干细胞内出现了α-SMA和TNNT2的表达。结论:Tbx18可成功转染入脂肪干细胞,且能在细胞内稳定表达;Tbx18可诱导脂肪干细胞向心肌样细胞分化。     

应用Ad Easy载体系统构建人β2-AR基因重组腺病毒

目的:利用Ad easy腺病毒表达系统构建含人β2-肾上腺素能受体(β2-AR)基因重组腺病毒,并在HEK293细胞中扩增制备重组腺病毒.方法:将β2-AR全长cDNA插入到腺病毒穿梭载体pAdTrack-CMV,构建pAdTrackCMV-β2AR重组质粒,经PmeI酶切线性化后经电击法转入含Ad easy质粒的电感受态菌BJ5183进行重组.挑选同源重组质粒,Pac I酶切线性化转染HEK293细胞包装成重组腺病毒颗粒.将重组病毒和SD大鼠心肌细胞共培养,western-blot检测β2-AR的表达.结果:琼脂糖凝胶电泳显示在1242bp处有特异性条带后被克隆至腺病毒穿梭质粒.重组穿梭载体经Hind Ⅲ和Xba Ⅰ限制性酶切可以得到目的条带并经测序证实.电击法转化BJ5183所得候选重组子经PacⅠ酶切后得到30Kb腺病毒基因组片段和4.5Kb氨苄抗性片段,证实获得同源重组质粒.转染293细胞可以看到绿色荧光蛋白,以MOI100转染SD大鼠心肌细胞发现携带β2-AR的腺病毒可以在心肌细胞中过表达.结论:利用新型腺病毒载体在短时间内成功构建了携带有人β2-AR基因的腺病毒,为进一步研究人β2-AR基因治疗奠定了基础.     

腺病毒、腺相关病毒载体转导心肌细胞的研究

目的和方法：构建含人β2肾上腺素能受体（β2－AR）基因的重组腺病毒(rAd) 和腺相关病毒（rAAV),并感染体外培养的心肌细胞,检测目的基因在心肌细胞内的表达。结果：RT－PCR检测结果显示感染的心肌细胞均表达人β2-ARmRNA,western印迹杂交显示感染的心肌细胞可表达人β2－AR蛋白;放射性配基检测表明两种重组病毒感染的心肌细胞的β－AR密度无明显差异（P＞0．05）,但均高于对照组（P＜0．01）。结论：腺相关病毒（AAV）载体与腺病毒载体均中有效的转染心肌细胞并使目的基因表达。     

RMND5B基因的克隆及其腺病毒载体的构建

已有研究表明RMND5B可能与心肌肥大相关,但具体机制不明,RMND5B的重组腺病毒载体的构建和鉴定为研究RMND5B功能提供了基础工具。首先,设计小鼠RMND5B基因的特异性引物,以c DNA为模板,PCR扩增RMND5B ORF区,并在两端各加入HindⅢ及SalⅠ的酶切位点。将此片段插入到p MD18-T载体,再亚克隆至线性化的穿梭质粒p Ad Track-CMV中。PmeⅠ酶切线性化之后,电转化到含p Ad Easy-1的BJ5183感受态细菌中。在BJ5183细菌中发生同源重组获得了重组质粒p Ad-RMND5B质粒。PacⅠ酶切线性化之后转染293A细胞,经过包装获得腺病毒AdRMND5B。将此腺病毒感染新生大鼠原代心肌细胞,并在一段时间后观察绿色荧光并通过RT-PCR检测RMND5B的表达情况。结果表明,成功构建了RMND5B的重组腺病毒载体并实现了AdRMND5B在新生大鼠原代心肌细胞中表达,为进一步研究RMND5B基因在心肌肥大中的作用奠定了良好的实验基础。     

过表达β 2-AR对心衰大鼠心肌细胞的保护作用及相关信号转导通路

目的:检测过表达β 2-AR蛋白的慢性心衰大鼠心肌细胞内与细胞存活相关蛋白的表达变化,探讨过表达的β 2-AR对心衰大鼠心肌细胞的保护作用的分子信号机制.方法:通过腹主动脉缩窄术建立大鼠慢性心力衰竭(HF)模型并采用胶原酶消化法分离心衰大鼠心肌细胞,转染携带β 2-AR目的基因的重组腺病毒,通过免疫印迹方法检测正常细胞和心衰细胞内Gi-PI3K-Akt信号通路上关键蛋白的表达变化.结果:与正常大鼠心肌细胞相比,β 2-AR过表达促进了胞内Akt磷酸化水平的增加,而使得凋亡效应因子Caspase-3的激活减少(p＜0.05).结论:心衰大鼠心肌细胞过表达β 2-AR后,增加的B 2-AR通过Gi-PI3K-Akt信号对心肌细胞产生了保护作用.     

经HIF-1α与EGFP双基因重组腺病毒转染大鼠心肌干细胞后HIF-1α基因的表达

常规经基因修饰腺病毒转染细胞后,即进行细胞的移植,并不对病毒转染效果进行检验。本研究采用HIF-1α与EGFP双基因重组腺病毒转染大鼠心肌干细胞,察看基因重组腺病毒是否能够转染心肌干细胞内;研究经HIF-1α与EGFP(enhanced green fluorescence protein,EGFP)双基因重组腺病毒转染心肌干细胞后HIF-1α基因的表达情况。在荧光显微镜下,去察看病毒转染细胞的情况,确定病毒最适MOI值;采用实时定量PCR(real-time quantitative PCR,RT-qPCR)评价HIF-1α基因表达变化;应用Western blotting方法检测HIF-1α蛋白表达变化,进而获得良好的实验结果。     

Comparative effects of a vasopeptidase inhibitor vs. an angiotensin convertin enzyme inhibitor on cardiomyocyte apoptosis in rats with heart failure

Apoptosis is involved in ventricular remodeling after myocardial infarction (MI). We investigated the effects of the vasopeptidase inhibitor (VPI) omapatrilat on cardiomyocyte apoptosis and compared it to the angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI) captopril in the rat post-MI model and in cultured neonatal rat cardiomyocytes. Wistar males rats surviving 4 h post-MI were assigned to omapatrilat (40 or 80 mg/kg/day), captopril (160 mg/kg/day) or no treatment. After 56 days, hemodynamic measurements were performed (n = 96) and rats were sacrificed. One group had assessment of cardiac remodeling and detection of DNA fragments by in situ end labelling method (ISEL), while the other had morphologic measurements and DNA laddering assessed. In addition, cultured neonatal rat cardiomyocytes (n = 6) were treated for 72 h with vehicle, captopril or omapatrilat in the presence or absence of the apoptosis inducing agent H₂O₂. Omapatrilat and captopril resulted in similar improvements of hemodynamic measurements, ventricular weight and dilatation, cardiac fibrosis and myocardial cell cross-section in large MI rats. Omapatrilat increased scar thickness more than did captopril. All sham-operated groups had little evidence of apoptosis. In the large MI group, there was a significant increase in ISEL-positive cells in the control (0.095 ± 0.016%) and captopril (0.124 ± 0.024%) groups in comparison with control sham-operated (0.006 ± 0.006%), but this increase was limited to the peri-MI area. Omapatrilat (0.012 ± 0.012% for both doses) prevented the increase in apoptosis in the peri-MI area. Also, omapatrilat but not captopril reduced DNA laddering in large MI. Moreover, in cultured neonatal rat cardiomyocytes, omapatrilat but not captopril reduced apoptosis as assessed by DNA laddering. The VPI omapatrilat, with its combination of NEP and ACE inhibition, suppresses cardiomyocyte apoptosis post-MI and in neonatal cultured rat cardiomyocytes more than the ACEI captopril, but this does not result in significant hemodynamic or morphologic differences between omapatrilat and captopril.     

大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞条件培养液促进心肌细胞肥大

体外模拟心肌缺血微环境,研究骨髓间充质干细胞(MSCs)的旁分泌作用对心肌细胞的影响。以大鼠MSCs各时间点的条件培养液刺激心肌细胞,观察心肌细胞蛋白含量、[3H]-Leu掺入、ANF-荧光素酶(luciferase)表达和心肌细胞面积的变化。MSCs条件培养液处理心肌细胞后,与对照组相比较6h及9h时间点的条件培养液可明显增加心肌细胞蛋白含量、[3H]-Leu掺入、ANF-荧光素酶表达以及心肌细胞面积,其中以6h时间点条件培养液的作用最为显著(P<0.01)。MSCs条件培养液能够通过旁分泌作用刺激心肌细胞肥大,此现象提示移植入心肌缺血区MSCs可能通过旁分泌作用影响心肌细胞,从而参与细胞移植后心功能的改善。     

pEGFP-N1质粒转染乳鼠心肌细胞的分布及效率

目的: 研究pEGFP-N1质粒转染心肌细胞的分布及效率.方法: 培养乳鼠心肌细胞,根据乳鼠心肌细胞的不同生长时间(1～3 d)进行pEGFP-N1质粒转染心肌细胞的实验研究.结果: 乳鼠心肌细胞生长1 d时,pEGFP-N1质粒转染心肌细胞的效率显著高于乳鼠心肌细胞生长2 d、3 d时;pEGFP-N1质粒转染心肌细胞后EGFP均匀地充满胞浆和胞核.结论: pEGFP-N1质粒转染乳鼠心肌细胞的效率与心肌细胞的生长期有关;EGFP在心肌细胞中均匀分布于胞浆和胞核.     

缺氧诱导因子-1α在缺氧预处理预防心肌细胞损伤中的作用

本工作旨在研究缺氧预处理(hypoxic preconditioning,HPC)对于心肌细胞外信号调节激酶(extracellular signal-regulated proteinkinases,ERK)活性、缺氧诱导因子-1α(hypoxia-inducible factor-1α,HIF-1α)表达的影响,及其在缺氧复氧诱导心肌细胞损伤中的作用。通过在培养的SD乳鼠心肌细胞缺氧／复氧(H／R)模型上,观察HPC对于24h后H／R诱导心肌细胞损伤的影响,以台盼蓝排斥实验检测心肌细胞存活率、以TUNEL法检测细胞凋亡、并用荧光素染料Hoechst33258测定心肌细胞凋亡率：制备心肌细胞蛋白提取物,以磷酸化的ERK1／2抗体测定ERK1／2活性,以抗HIF-1α抗体检测HIF-1α的表达,并观察ERKs的上游激酶(MEK1／2)抑制剂PD98059对于HPC诱导的ERKs磷酸化、HIF-1α表达以及心肌细胞保护作用的影响,并分析细胞损伤与ERK1／2活性、HIF-1α表达量之间的相互关系。结果 显示缺氧复氧造成心肌细胞损伤,HPC可以增加心肌细胞H／R后存活率,降低凋亡率,并激活ERKll2,诱导HIF-1α表达：细胞凋亡与ERKs活性、HIF-1α表达量之间存在负相关,即ERKs活化、HIF-1α表达与预防细胞损伤有关：而ERKs活性与HIF-1α表达量之间存在正相关,ERKs的上游激酶MEK抑制剂PD98059可以消除HPC诱导的ERKs磷酸化、HIF-1α表达和心肌细胞保护作用。由此得出的结论是HPC可以提高乳鼠心肌细胞对于H／R的耐受性,其机制涉及ERKs介导的HIF-1α表达。     

肥厚预刺激对苯肾上腺素诱导的心肌细胞肥大的保护作用

目的:研究不同肥厚预刺激对苯肾上腺素(Phenylephrine,PE)诱导的心肌细胞肥大的影响。方法:胶原酶联合差速贴壁法分离培养原代SD乳鼠心肌细胞后分组:(1)对照组(常规培养48 h);(2)PE组(50μM PE刺激48 h);(3)不同预刺激+PE组:A,不同浓度的PE(10、20、50μM)预刺激(12 h干预,12 h常规培养);B,PE(50μM)预刺激不同时间(period-1,6 h干预,6 h常规培养;period-2,6 h干预,6 h常规培养,再次6 h干预,6 h常规培养;period-3,8 h干预,8 h常规培养;period-4,12 h干预,12 h常规培养)。预刺激后再用PE(50μM)刺激48 h。经细胞骨架蛋白(α-actining)免疫荧光染色,利用激光共聚焦显微镜观察细胞表型,Image J软件计算心肌细胞表面积,利用实时定量PCR检测肥厚相关标志物表达水平。结果:分离的心肌细胞纯度在90%以上。PE组较对照组心肌细胞明显肥大,细胞表面积增加2.3倍,心肌肥厚标记基因心钠肽(atrial natriuretic peptide,ANP)、脑钠肽(brain natriuretic peptide,BNP)和β肌球蛋白重链(βmyosin heavy chain,βMHC)表达明显升高(P0.05);而不同预刺激+PE组心肌细胞肥大表型明显缓解,其中PE(50μM)两次6 h预刺激最为显著(P0.05)。结论:肥厚预刺激可以减轻PE诱导的心肌细胞肥大的程度,从而对心肌肥厚有保护作用。     

Adiponectin up-regulates the expression of T-cadherin in cardiomyocytes injured by hypoxia/reoxygenation

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of adiponectin (APN) on the expression of T-cadherin in cultured Sprague-Dawley (SD) rat cardiomyocytes injured by hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R). Primary myocardial cells from neonatal rats were obtained by enzymatic digestion. The cells were divided into control group, H/R group and H/R+APN (3, 10, 20 and 30 μg/mL) groups. The H/R group was incubated in anoxic environment (anoxic solution saturated with high concentration N2) for 3 h, and then in the reoxygenation environment (the reoxygenation solution saturated with pure oxygen) for 1 h. The H/R+APN group was pretreated with different concentrations of APN for 24 h prior to the initiation of H/R. The content of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) was measured by chemistry chromatometry. Cellular apoptosis was analyzed by flow cytometry and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL). The expression of T-cadherin was detected by RT-PCR and Western blotting. The results showed that, compared with control group, the apoptotic rate and release of LDH were significantly increased in the H/R group, whereas the expressions of T-cad mRNA and protein were decreased. Pretreating with APN significantly and dose-dependently decreased apoptotic rate and LDH release, and up-regulated T-cad mRNA and protein level in rat neonatal cardiomyocytes under H/R conditions. These results suggest that APN may protect cardiomyocytes against H/R-induced injury by up-regulating H/R-decreased T-cad expression.     

Jagged1 protein enhances the differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells into cardiomyocytes

BACKGROUND: Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can differentiate into cardiomyocytes if an appropriate cellular environment is provided. Notch signals exchanged between neighboring cells through the Notch receptor can eventually dictate cell differentiation. In our study, we show that MSC differentiation into cardiomyocytes is dependent on the Notch signal. METHODS: We created a myocardial infarction model in rat by coronary ligation, administered direct intramyocardial injection of DAPI-labeled MSC immediately, and observed the differentiation of MSCs after 14 days by immunofluorescence staining against troponin T. We cultured MSCs and cardiomyocytes in four ways, respectively, in vitro. (1) MSCs cocultured with cardiomyocytes obtained from neonatal rat ventricles in a ratio of 1:10. (2) The two types of cells were cultured in two chambers separated by a semipermeable membrane as indirect coculture group. (3) Notch receptor-soluble jagged1 protein was added to indirect coculture group. (4) Both jagged1 protein and gamma-secretase inhibitor-DAPT were added to indirect coculture group. Two weeks later, we observed the differentiation percentage, respectively, by immunofluorescence staining. RESULTS: We found the differentiation of MSCs which were close to cardiomyocytes in vivo. The differentiation percentage of the four cell culture group was 30.13+/-2.16%, 12.52+/-1.18%, 26.33+/-2.20%, and 13.08+/-1.15%. CONCLUSIONS: MSCs can differentiate into cardiomyocytes in vitro and in vivo if a cardiomyocyte microenvironment is provided. 2. Cell-to-cell interaction is very important for the differentiation of MSCs into cardiomyocytes. 3. Jagged1 protein can activate Notch signal and enhance the differentiation of MSC into cardiomyocyte, while the effect can be inhibited by DAPT.     

孤儿核受体Nur77对缺/复氧损伤中心肌细胞自噬的调节

目的:研究孤儿核受体Nur77对缺/复氧损伤中心肌细胞自噬的调节作用。方法:差速贴壁法分离乳鼠心肌细胞,经免疫荧光染色鉴定纯度。缺氧(1%O_2、5%CO_2和94%N_2)培养12 h后,常氧培养2 h构建心肌细胞缺/复氧损伤。实时定量PCR和western blot的方法检测Nur77的表达变化。通过siRNA转染抑制心肌细胞nur77表达,通过自噬标志蛋白表达改变作为细胞自噬水平的变化。结果:原代分离的心肌细胞纯度95%以上。缺氧12 h和缺/复氧(12 h/2 h)刺激后,心肌细胞中Nur77表达都明显升高(P0.01)。与缺氧组相比,缺/复氧组细胞质中的水平明显增加(P0.01),细胞核中Nur77水平无明显变化。抑制Nur77后,缺/复氧组自噬水平明显降低,缺氧组心肌细胞自噬水平无明显变化。结论:Nur77参与缺/复氧损伤中心肌细胞自噬水平的调节。